LanguagesampnbspofampnbsptheampnbspWorld教案

　　languages of the world教案
　　重点单词：
　　trend, affectation, argument, definition, outlook, enthusiasm, inquiry, generation, extract, ornament, disposition, counsel, origin, scholar, diligence, virus, file , overtake, expand,document, distort, execute, bound,confute, swallow,digest,distill,infect, ceremonnial, bleak, sloth, crafty, flashy
　　重点短语：
　　apart from, under the control of, more of less, be based on, on average, refer to
　　重点句型：
　　1．apart from english ,we also study french in our school.
　　2．the film is based on the nocel with the same title .
　　3．the meeting is more or less over and we can go to see the film soon.
　　4．it is estimated that 90% the candidates have passed the test.
　　5．the novel is not only sold in this bookstore ,but also in other bookstore.
　　6．the heavy rain prevented us from going to school.
　　7．china, with a population of 1.3 billion, is one of the largest countries on the world .
　　8.this company is under the control of another bigger one .
　　9.on average, the climate here is warm and humid all the year around.
　　10.his whole school education added up to no more than one year.
　　step1 单词突破
　　1.expand 膨胀；扩张
　　the eagle expanded its wings.
　　老鹰展翅。
　　the ship-building industry is rapidlu expanding.
　　造船工业正在迅速发展。
　　in ten years the city’s population expanded by 12%.
　　十年之中该城人口增加了百分之十二。
　　he is thinking of expanding his business.
　　他正考虑扩展他的生意。
　　metals expand when they are heated.
　　金属遇热则膨胀。
　　expand one’s view 充分阐述自己的观点
　　expand on /upon 详谈，充分阐述
　　expand in/into 把……扩展
　　expandin 扩展，扩大，发展，展开
　　expandsible adj 能扩张的，会膨胀的
　　the scientist expanded on/upon his new theory.
　　那位科学家详述了他的新理论。
　　练习：
　　1. from a short story, the novel is very popular with children.
　　a. expanded b. to expand c. expanding d to be expanded
　　2. our english teacher has agreed to the tine limit for our paper .
　　a spread b streth c expand d extend
　　3.the population of afriea is so rapidly as to ezuse great concern of the whole wold..
　　a expading b stredtching c extending d spreading
　　4.in order to prevent the disease to other districts,the authorized organization killed thousands and thousands of cows.
　　a extending b sprading c expanding d strething
　　5.the board of the company has decided to its operations to include all aspects of the clothing business.
　　a widen b spread c lengthen d expand
　　6.the boy his chesr by breathing deeply .
　　a intended b extended c spread d expanded
　　2 .survive
　　the woman survived her husband for ten years.
　　她比她的丈夫多活了十年。
　　only a child survived the traffic accident.
　　只有一个小孩从这次交通事故中活下来。
　　she is barely surviving on her social security payment.
　　他靠每月的社会保险金勉强维持生活。
　　survive on 靠……存活下来
　　survive from 从……存活下来，流传下来
　　no ship could survive in such a storm.
　　在这样的风暴中没有一艘船能长时间的坚持下去。
　　he is the only survivor of the air crash.
　　他是坠机事故的唯一幸存者。
　　camels can survived for many days without water.
　　骆驼许多不喝水还能生存。
　　fortunately he survived the traffic accident.
　　他很幸运的在车祸之后还能活着。
　　only a few house survived from the earthquake.
　　地震之后只有几所房子还能残留下来。
　　3 encourage
　　she often encourge me to speak more in public.
　　她经常鼓励我在公共场所多讲话。
　　the teacher encouraged the boy in his studies.
　　老师鼓励这男孩努力学习。
　　4 appeal
　　appeal to sb for sth 为……向某人呼吁
　　appeal to sb to do sth 恳请某人做某事
　　appeal to sth 对……有吸引力
　　max tried to appeal to her good sense to make her change her mind.
　　马克思为了让她改变主意试图唤起她的理智。
　　5 remain
　　after the fire, very little remainded of my house.
　　火灾过后寒舍所剩无几。
　　i remain in london until may.
　　我在伦敦一直呆到五月。
　　everyone remains silent/in silence.
　　大家仍然保持沉默。
　　let things remain as they are.
　　一切保持现状。
　　if you take 3 away from 8, 5 remains.
　　八减三等于五。
　　the children ate and ate until no food remained on the table.
　　孩子们一直吃个不停直到把桌子上的东西吃光才罢休。
　　he remains in london until may.
　　他在伦敦一直呆到五月
　　it remains to be done…. 还要看情况发展
　　he took the remains of dinner home.
　　他把剩余的饭菜带回家。
　　much remains to be said.
　　还有很多事要干。
　　6 population
　　the population of the world is growing rapidly.
　　世界的人口在迅速增长。
　　what is the population of india now?
　　7 include
　　the book includes two chapters on grammer.
　　这本书包含两个论述语法的章节。
　　my job doesn’t include making coffee for the boss.
　　我的工作不包括给老板冲咖啡。
　　does the price include tax？
　　这个价格是否包括税款？
　　your duties will include putting the children to bed.
　　哄小孩睡觉也是你工作的一部分。
　　there are six members,including the chairman.
　　共有六名成员包括主席在内。
　　all of us, myself included, should go there.
　　我们所有的人包括我自己都要去那儿。
　　the possibility of food poisioning has been excluded.
　　食物中毒的可能性已被排除。
　　sea water contains salt.
　　海水含有盐分。
　　the room can hold twenty people
　　这屋就能容下20个人。.
　　8. delight
　　take/find/have delight in….. 喜爱，以……为乐
　　to sb’s delight 令人高兴的事
　　delight in sth/ doing sth 以……为乐
　　take/ find (a ) delight in 喜欢干某事，从……中取乐
　　be delighted at/with sth 对某事感到高兴
　　be delighted to do sth 很高兴做某事
　　he takes delight in proving others wrong
　　他以证实别人出错为乐。.
　　we were all delighted to receive your letters.
　　收到你的来信，我们都很高兴。
　　to our delight, our tootball team won.
　　令我们高兴的是我们的足球队赢了。
　　she ran back home with delight.
　　他兴高采烈的跑回家。
　　she delights in her work.
　　她喜爱她的工作。
　　9 native
　　her native languageis german.
　　他的母语是德语。
　　you can always tell the diffrence between the tourists and the natives.
　　游客与当地人之间的区别一看即知。
　　they never saw their native land again.
　　他们再也没有见过自己的故土。
　　the kind of strangers plant is native to italy.
　　when planting trees,stick to native species.
　　10. bound
　　be bound to be sunny again tomorrow.
　　明天肯定又是阳光灿烂。
　　are you bound to stay at the office so late?
　　你必须要在办公室里呆这么晚吗？
　　be bound to do sth 一定会；有义务的 be bound for 准备去 be bound up with 与……有密切联系
　　he is too bound up in his work to have much time for his children.
　　他工作太忙，没有时间多陪孩子们。
　　the girl is bound to win a prize medal.
　　女孩决心要获得奖章。
　　module 4 the world’s top ten language
　　step 1 the world language is colorful. do you know the world’s top ten languages?
　　now open your book and look through the title of each part. and then answer activity 1.
　　1.what do you think the numbers after the names of the languages mean ?
　　( a) the number of people who live in a country where the language is spoken?
　　( b) the number of people who speak the language worldwide?
　　2.which of the names of the languages are also nationalities?
　　the key: 1. ( b) 2. 2,4,5,8,9,10
　　step 2 read the passage and check your answer to activity 1
　　step 3 read the passage again and choose the corrects answer.
　　1.the western name for putonghua ____________.
　　( a) is the translation of the chinese word for magistrate.
　　(b) indicated that the language was used by imperial mandarins.
　　(c) was used in the 19th century.
　　2.750 million is the total number of people who speak english ___________.
　　( a) as a first language
　　( b) as a first or second language
　　( c) as a foreign language
　　3.hindustani will never become the first world language because ________________.
　　( a) the population of india will never overtake the population of china.
　　(b) it includes a huge number of dialects.
　　( c) too many people speak english in india.
　　4.there are speakers of arabic in non-arabic because______________.
　　( a ) there are millions of muslims north africa and the middle east.
　　( b) it’s one of the world’s oldest languages
　　( c) it’s the language of muslims.
　　5.spanish, french, italian and portuguese______________.
　　( a) have their roots in the same language
　　( b) are more or less the same language
　　( c) have a few similar words.
　　6.the use of portuguese expanded _____________
　　( a) because explorers used it
　　( b) when it became the official language of brazil
　　( c) after portugal independent
　　7.the percentage of bengali speakers in bangladesh ___________.
　　( a ) is greater than the percentage of bengali
　　( b) is less than the percentage of bengali speakers in india.
　　( c) is less than the percentage of its speakers in various other countries.
　　8.the three language spoken in the caribbean are __________.
　　( a) spanish, arabic and english
　　( b) french , spanish and english
　　( c) french, english and portuguese.
　　the key:
　　1.b 2. b 3. c 4. c 5. a 6. a 7. c 8. c
　　step 4
　　complete the passage with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box.
　　establish expand furthermore include overtake romantic roots special status.
　　the total of 750 million english speakers (1)_____________ people who speaker it ad a first or second language but not people who speak it as a foreign language. in some countries, english has (2)__________, which usually means that business is done in english. (3) _____, the use of english has (4) ___________ even more because 80% of internet websites are in english. unlike french, english doesn’t have its (5) ___________ in latin, although there are a lot of english words which come from latin. english is not as (6) ____________ a language as french, but it has (7) _________________ itself as the world’s main language of international communication however , the number of english speakers probably won’t (8) ___________the number of speakers of putonghua.
　　the key:
　　1.include 2. special status 3. furthermore 4. expanded 5. roots 6. romantic 7. established 8. overtake
　　step 5 difficult sentences.
　　1. chinese mandarin, or putonghua, to give its real name, is spoken by the vast majority of the population of china.
　　绝大多数的中国人都讲官方标准语言， 或者确切地说， 讲普通话。
　　2． it is estimated that more than 375 million people speak english as a first language, with possibly another 375 million speaking it as a second language.
　　据估计， 超过3.75 亿人把英语作为第一语言，而大约另外3.75亿人把它作为第二语言。
　　3． apart from the uk and the usa , there are native people speakers in a great number of countries of the world, including australia, south africa, canada, new zealand and many islands in the caribbean sea.
　　除了英国和美国以外， 全世界还有很多国家把英语作为母语， 包括澳大利亚。南非、加拿大、新西兰以及加勒比海的很多岛国。
　　apart from 除了……之外
　　there was nobody on the ship apart from the captain. 除了船长，整搜船再也没有任何人。
　　4． it is predict6ed that the population of india could one day overtake the population of china, but the importance of english in india would prevent hindustani from becoming the most spoken language of the world.
　　据预测，将来印度的入口将超过中国，但英语在印度的重要性使得印度斯坦语无法成为世界上讲得最多得语言。
　　5． furthermore, because arabic is the language of the koran, millions of muslims in other countries speak it as well.
　　而且， 由于《古兰经》是用阿拉伯语写的，其他国家数以百万计的穆斯林也讲阿拉伯语。
　　6． for instance, about 100,000 bengali speakers lived and work in the middle east.
　　例如，大约10万讲孟加拉语的人生活和工作在中东。
　　7． indonesian is actually one of many dialects of malay, but they’re all more or less based on the same root language.
　　印度尼西亚语实际上是马来语的众多发言方言之一，但这些方言几乎都起源于同一种语言。
　　more or less 几乎，或多或少
　　we are more or less finished. what about your group?
　　我们差不多完工了，你们小组呢？
　　module 4 reading practice
　　step 1 presentation
　　1) have you ever heard of the saying ＂knowledge is power＂? do you know who said this? francis bacon
　　2) how much do you know about francis bacon? (what was his nationality ? what was he famous for ? what contribution did he make to science?
　　he was english. he was famous for his writing and he was a philosopher and a statesman. he developed a procedure of scientific inquiry which is still known as the baconian method.
　　step 2 read the first part of the text. francis bacon: an introduction and then answer the questions in activity 2.
　　the questions:
　　1.which was bacon most enthusiastic about: science, art, or learning?
　　2.why is bacon referred to as a renaissance man?
　　3.how does the baconian method work?
　　the key:
　　1.science
　　2.because he was an expert in several fields.
　　3.you use reason to interpret nature and to establish facts.
　　step 3 read from of studies and make a line separate the six main ideas.
　　line between:
　　1. business/for 2. learning/to 3. experience/crafty 4. observation/read 5. consider/some 6. things/reading
　　step 4
　　number the summary sentences in the order the ideas appear in the passage.
　　( a ) it’s best to read critically and selectively. only a few books need to be read carefully and completely.
　　( b ) we study for pleasure, for discussion and for work.
　　( c) but too much study for its own sake leads to laziness.
　　( d) study can cultivate your natural abilities , but it also need experience to make the best of it.
　　( e) men of learning are better at government and management than experts.
　　( f) while some men reject study or admire it. the wise man uses it for his own purposes.
　　the key:
　　1. ( b) 2. ( e ) 3. (c ) 4. (f ) 5. (d ) 6 ( a).
　　step 5
　　the questions about each part
　　1)do people study for other purposes? if any, what are they?
　　yes. they are for delight, for ornament, and for ability.
　　2)what is important in achieving your goals, to make strategic decisions or to make technical decisions?
　　i think to make strategic decisions is important.
　　3)what happens if you study too much?
　　to spend too much time in studies is sloth.
　　4)what do you need to take advantage of studying?
　　i need to spend proper time in studying and also i should learn from experience.
　　5)in your opinion, what is more important to enlarge your range of knowledge, studies or experience?
　　in my opinion, i think both of them are important to study.
　　6)how do wise men use studies?
　　the wise man uses it for his own purposes.
　　7)translate the following sentences.
　　some books are to be tasted , other to be swallowed , and some few to be read wholly . and with diligence and attention.
　　书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。
　　8)what does the following sentence mean?
　　reading makes a full man; conference makes a ready man and writing makes an exact man.
　　读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。
　　step 6 answer the questions about some words with 17th century meaning.
　　1.ornament means decoration. how can you use studies for decoration?
　　2.a plot is a plan. what might learned men plot?
　　3.sloth is a personal characteristic. is it likely to be a positive or negative characteristic ?
　　4.a humor is a state of mind which is motivated by personal feeling , and not reason. does it have a positive or a negative meaning here?
　　5.crafty means skillful. does it have a positive or a negative meaning here?
　　6.read by deputy means that a book is read and interpreted by someone else. when might this be useful?
　　the key:
　　1)to ＂ decorate＂ your life with pleasant ideas.
　　2)their studies , their future actions.
　　3)negative( laziness)
　　4)negative
　　5)negative
　　6)if you don’t have time to read it yourself.
　　step 7 the translation of the whole text
　　读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹，全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足，经验又补读书之不足，盖天生才干犹如自然花草，读书然后知如何修剪移接，而书中所示，如不以经验范之，则又大而无当。有一技之长者鄙读书，无知者羡读书，唯明智之士用读书，然书并不以用处告人，用书之智不在书中，而在书外，全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难读者，不可尽信书上所言，亦不可只为寻章摘句，而应推敲细思。书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之，有只需读其部分者，有只须大体涉猎者，少数则须全读，读时须全神贯注，孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读，取其所作摘要，但只限题材较次或价值不高者，否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏，淡而无味。读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人准确。
　　弗朗西斯•培根