unit 1 the written word单元复习学案 词汇导练 1．the company suffered____________ (财政的)difficulties and could not survive any longer. 2．the beauty of the west lake is beyond ____________(比较)． 3．mum and dad didn’t seem to approve much of my new ____________ (同伴)． 4. you can improve your writing just by____________(缩短)some of these long sentences. 5．if i’m not ____________ (搞错)，that’s the man we saw on the bus. 6．as i walked through the town，i was c____________reminded of my childhood. 7．in spite of all her s____________，she’s still the best teacher the school has. 8．it is g____________of you to share your food with me. 9. p____________against black people is common in many parts of america. 10．jack was not allowed to leave the city until he paid off his d____________. 11．the place is a firm____________(remind)of the past civilization. 12．anger is often expressed as____________(violent)． 1.financial 2.comparison 3.companions 4.shortening5.mistaken 6.constantly 7.shortcomings 8.generous9.prejudice 10.debts 11.reminder 12.violence 短语汇集 1．________________ 以……为背景 2．________________ 宁肯……而不…… 3．________________ 把……加入到…… 4．________________ 对……有偏见 5．________________ 一心想要，决心要 6．________________ 和……相识，结识 7．________________ 被分成 8．________________ 令某人注意 9．________________ 发出(叫声)；放长 10．________________ 看到，一看到 11．________________ 泄露；出卖 12．________________ 从头至尾 1．be set in 2.would rather...than 3.add...to... 4．be prejudiced against 5.be bent on 6.make the acquaintance of 7.be pided into 8.draw sb.’s attention to 9．let out 10.at the sight of 11.give away 12.from beginning to end 语句试译 1．(回归课本p2)i________________think that these classic novels________be made into films if they had nothing to do with life today. 我想，这些经典小说如果与现代生活没有任何关联的话，是不会被改编成电影的。 2．(回归课本p3)．..，but joe is a kind and simple man，who________________die________see any harm come to pip. ……，但乔却是一个淳朴善良的人，他宁死也不愿意看到皮普受到任何伤害。 3．(回归课本p3)pip dislikes________________joe comes to visit him in london. 当乔来伦敦看他时，皮普并不喜欢。 1.do not；would 2.would rather；than 3.it when 核心知识 1received adj. 被承认的，被认可的，公认的 (回归课本p2)they are novels，plays and poems that were written a long time ago and were so well written and well received that people still read them today. 它们是很久以前创作的小说、戏剧和诗歌，写得很好，很受欢迎，直至今日人们仍然在阅读这些作品。 归纳拓展 【注意】 be well received表示对建议、想法或消息作出好的反应、回应等，不可将well换用very，但若表示＂很好的反应＂，即＂非常受欢迎＂，可用be very well received。 例句探源 ①(牛津p1655)the play was well received by the critics. 这部戏受到了评论家们的好评。 ②(朗文p1703)police received calls from residents who heard the gunshots.警方接到了听到枪声的居民打来的电话。 易混辨析 receive，accept receive强调客观上收到；accept强调主观上接受。 i received an invitation to the party yesterday，but i refused toaccept it. 1．完成句子 (1)他在车站受到热烈欢迎。 he________ ________ ________ ________at the station. 答案：received a warm welcome (2)他在大学没有受到良好的教育。 he didn’t ________ ________ ________ ________at university. 答案：receive a good education (3)这本书一出版就受到读者的欢迎。 the book________ ________ ________by readers as soon as it came out. 答案：was well received 2. mary finally________bruce as her lifelong companion. a．received b．accepted c．made d．honoured 解析：选b。句意：mary终于接受了bruce作为她的终生伴侣。accept主观上的接受，所以选b。 2harm n． 伤害，损害，危害；邪恶，恶行 v． 伤害，损害，危害 (回归课本p3)pip’s sister seldom has a kind word to say，but joe is a kind and simple man，who would rather die than see any harm come to pip. 皮普的姐姐几乎没有什么善言好语，但乔却是一个淳朴善良的人，他宁愿死也不愿意看到皮普受到任何伤害。 归纳拓展 例句探源 ①(朗文p946)a little wine won’t do you any harm. 一点葡萄酒对你没坏处。 ②i know he meant no harm，but it was a very personal question.我知道他没有恶意，但这是个涉及个人隐私的问题。 ③he would never harm anyone. 他永远不会伤害任何人。 3．完成句子 (1)倘若我们进行干预，那可能弊多利少。 if we interfere，it may________ ________ ________ ________ ________. 答案：do more harm than good (2)试验显示抽烟对人体有害。 the trial shows that smoking will________ ________ ________ ________. 答案：do harm to people (3)他可能看上去很凶，但并无恶意。 he may look fierce，but he________ ________ ________. 答案：means no harm 4.drinking too much can________one’s health. a．harm b．hurt c．injure d．wound 解析：选a。句意：过度饮酒对健康有害。harm vt.＂损害＂，常用来指各种有害物质或状况对人体及各种生物造成的＂伤害＂。hurt多指肉体或情感的伤害；injure多指事故中受伤；wound多指战争中所受的刀伤或枪伤。 3fortune n． 财富；运气，好运；大笔的钱；个人的前途/命运 (回归课本p3)pip is about eighteen years old when this happens，and the fortune sets him free from financial worries. 当时皮普大约18岁，这笔钱使他不用为经济问题担忧了。 归纳拓展 例句探源 ①(牛津p803)i have had the good fortune to work with some brilliant directors. 我有幸与一些卓越的主管人员共事。 ②(朗文p814)the guy who invented postit notes must have made a fortune.发明报事贴便条的那个人肯定发财了。 ③they moved there to try their fortune. 他们搬往那里去碰碰运气。 5．根据句意完成句子： (1)he dreamed of________a fortune. 答案：making (2)he’s________in having a good job. 答案：fortunate (3)________，when i got to her flat，she was just leaving，so we had only time for a few words. 答案：unfortunately 4settle vt.& vi. 使定居；安顿，安放；解决(问题等)；安家，停留 (回归课本p5)he settles there so he can become an educated gentleman. 他在那儿定居下来，并变成了一名有教养的绅士。 归纳拓展 settle in/into(使)适应(新的家、工作、环境等) settle down(使)安静下来；定居，过安定生活 settle down to...开始专心于……，着手认真做…… settle on/upon...决定，同意(某事)；栖息/停留于…… 例句探源 ①(牛津p1825)how are the kids settling into their new school? 孩子们在新学校习惯了吗？ ②(朗文p1867)would you kids just settle down for a minute? 你们小孩子安静一会好吗？ ③tony’s parents looked forward to the day when he would settle down and start a family of his own. 托尼的父母期望他有一天安顿下来，开始拥有自己的家庭。 6．完成句子 (1)他们友好地解决了他们的争端。 they ________ ________ ________in a friendly way. 答案：settled their quarrel (2)大家安静下来，好让我们听故事。 everybody________ ________so we could hear the story. 答案：settled down (3)他们还没有决定给婴儿取什么名字。 they haven’t________yet________a name for the baby. 答案：settled；on (4)让我们专心工作吧。 _______________________________________ 答案：let’s settle down to our work. 5abuse vt.& n． 虐待；辱骂；滥用 (回归课本p9)oliver is abused by his new master. oliver受到了他的新主人的辱骂。 归纳拓展 例句探源 ①(朗文p8)some nursing home patients were neglected or abused. 一些护理中心的病人被人忽视或遭到虐待。 ②(牛津p8)she abused her position as principal by giving jobs to her friends. 她滥用自己作为校长的职权，把工作安排给朋友们。 ③he was arrested on charges of corruption and abuse of power.他因被控贪污腐化和滥用职权而遭逮捕。 7．完成句子 the journalist covering the case________ ________ ________(遭到了谩骂)． 答案：suffered from abuse 8.it has been revealed(揭露)that some government leaders________their authority and position to get illedal profits for themselves. a．employ b．take c．abuse d．overlook 解析：选c。句意：＂一些政府领导滥用职权为自己取得非法利益这件事已经被揭露出来了＂，abuse＂滥用＂。a.采用，b.拿走，d.忽略。 6resist vt. 抵抗，反抗，抵制；抗(酸)，耐( 热等)(常用于否定句)忍耐，忍住( v.ing) vi. 抵抗，反抗，抗拒；(常用于否定 句)忍耐，忍住 (回归课本p9)they force him back into a life of crime by pressuring him with the threat of violence if he resists. 他们恐吓他，如果他反抗就要对他施行暴力，迫使他回头过犯罪的生活。 归纳拓展 例句探源 ①(牛津p1697)he couldn’t resist showing off his new car. 他忍不住炫耀起了他的新车。 ②(朗文p1741)it’s pretty hard to resist jacob’s smile. 雅各布的微笑让人难以抗拒。 ③i put the phone back down，resisting the urge to call her. 我放下电话，克制住想给她打电话的冲动。 9．完成句子 (1)他失去了对疾病的抵抗力。 he lost the power to________ ________ ________. 答案：resist a disease (2)我经不住诱惑。 i can never resist______________. 答案：temptation (3)看到他穿那些衣服，她禁不住想嘲笑他。 she couldn’t resist________ ________ ________in those clothes. 答案：laughing at him 10.i have some________with japanese，but i don’t speak it fluently. a．resistance b．acknowledgement c．acquaintance d．access 解析：选c。句意：我对日语了解一些，但说得不流利。acquaintance with sth.＂对某物的了解＂。a项＂反抗＂；b项＂承认＂；d项＂通道，入口＂。 7tend v． 趋向，倾向；有助于；照料，照管；接待(店铺、酒吧等的)顾客 (回归课本p14)the poetry of this period is not only about love，although romantic themes tend to be more emotional. 尽管浪漫主题往往更易感染人的情绪，但这个时期的诗歌不仅仅是有关爱情的。 归纳拓展 例句探源 ①(朗文p2122)bill tends to talk too much when he’s nervous. 比尔紧张时往往话太多。 ②(牛津p2081)his views tend towards the extreme. 他的观点趋于偏激。 11．完成句子 (1)萨利经常会干涉别人的事情。 sally________ ________ interfere in other people’s business. 答案：tends to (2)查尔斯有肥胖的趋势。 charles________ ________ ________ ________obesity. 答案：has the tendency of (3)救护车上的救护人员在照料受伤者。 ambulance crews were________ ________the injured. 答案：tending to 8stress vt. 重读；强调；加压力于；使紧张 n． 压力；紧张；强调；重要性； 重读；重音 (回归课本p14)the first and third lines of each section have four stressed syllables. 每部分的第一和第三行都有四个重读音节。 归纳拓展 例句探源 ①(牛津p1997)things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.人在压力之下，办事情就容易出差错。 ②(朗文p2040)grandmother put a great deal of stress on the importance of proper behavior. 祖母非常强调行为得体的重要性。 ③in recent interviews，he has stressed the need for more housing downtown. 在最近的访谈中，他强调需要在市中心增加住房。 12．完成句子 (1)在这个时候开始强调运动的重要性是最合时宜的。 it is timely to________ ________ ________of sports. 答案：stress the importance (2)他们太看重金钱了。 they________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________. 答案：lay too much stress on money (3)这件事是在迫切需要的情况下而做的。 it was done________ ________ ________ ________the necessity. 答案：under the stress of 9have prejudice against 对……有偏见，对……有成见 (回归课本p3)money and education have changed him，and before long he develops the shortcomings of being shallow and having prejudice，even against his old companions. 金钱和教育改变了他，不久他养成了浅薄、偏见的缺点，甚至歧视昔日的同伴。 归纳拓展 例句探源 ①(朗文p1601)there still is a lot of prejudice against single mother. 仍然有很多对单身母亲的公开歧视。 ②(牛津p1558)they are prejudiced against older applicants. 他们对年长一些的申请者抱有成见。 13．介词填空 (1)this decision was based________ignorance and prejudice. 答案：on (2)there’s little prejudice________workers from other eu states. 答案：against (3)the lawyers have been trying to prejudice the jury__________her. 答案：against 10be bent on (doing) sth. 一心想要，决心要 (回归课本p3)pip is bent on becoming a gentleman and winning estella’s love. 皮普决心成为一名绅士并且赢得埃斯特拉的爱。 归纳拓展 例句探源 ①(牛津p170)she seems bent on making life difficult for me. 她似乎专门和我过不去。 ②he tries to bend the public to his will. 他努力让公众随他的意志。 ③you should bend your mind to study. 你应该专心致志地学习。 14．完成句子 (1)他专心致志于语言学研究工作。 he________ ________ ________linguistic studies. 答案：is bent on (2)有可能让大自然服从人类的意志吗？ is it possible________ ________ ________ ________human will? 答案：to bend nature to (3)不要屈从于压力。 don’t________ ________the pressure. 答案：bend to 15．he is________learning english well. a．bent to b．bent on c．bending to d．bend on 解析：选b。be bent on...＂决心要做……＂。 11make the acquaintance of 和……相识，结识 (回归课本p5)the best part of the story is when pip makes the acquaintance of the man who gives him his fortune. 故事最精彩的部分是皮普结识那个给他财富的人的时候。 归纳拓展 例句探源 ①(牛津p16)i made the acquaintance of several musicians around that time. 大约在那段时间，我结识了几位音乐家。 ②(朗文p17)mrs.nichols is a writer of my acquaintance. 尼科尔斯女士是我结识的一位作家。 ③all our employees are fully acquainted with safety precautions.我们所有的雇员都非常熟悉安全预防措施。 16．完成句子 (1)那个男孩在网吧里结识了一些不三不四的朋友。 the boy ________ ________ ________ ________ some dubious friends in the internet bar. 答案：made the acquaintance of (2)我略懂些英语，但并不精通。 i________ ________ ________ ________ english，but i am not good at it. 答案：have some acquaintance with 17.mary is not a________，just a(an)________． a．friend；acquaintances b．acquaintance；friend c．friend；acquaintance d．acquaintances；friend 解析：选c。考查词义辨析。本句译为＂玛丽是一个熟悉的人，但不是朋友。＂再由第二空前冠词，可知选c。 18.（XX年福建福州一中质检）i have________the language. a．an acquaintance with b．acquaintance with c．some acquaintances with d．acquaintances with 解析：选a。考查名词用法。本句译为＂我懂一点这种语言。＂acquaintance可与不定冠词连用，但此时是一个不可数名词，不能变复数形式，故选a。 12at the sight of... 一看见……就……，一看到 (回归课本p11)kevin was filled with sorrow at the sight of his old soccer ball，and he let out a sad sigh. 一看到他的旧足球，凯文内心充满了悲伤，他发出了一声悲伤的叹息。 归纳拓展 (1)sight的常见意义 ①视力，视觉②看见，目睹 ③眼界，视野④风景，景色 ⑤名胜(通常用the sights) (2)sight的常见短语,catch sight of看见 lose sight of看不见 within/in sight看得见，在视野之内 out of sight看不见，在视野之外 at first sight初看，乍看起来 例句探源 ①(朗文p1906)she recently underwent an operation to restore her sight.她最近做了恢复视力的手术。 ②(牛津p1803)i have been known to faint at the sight of blood.大家都知道，我看到血就会昏倒。 ③there was no one in sight.一个人也看不见。 ④we’re going to paris for the weekend to see the sights. 我们打算去巴黎过周末，参观那里的名胜。 19．the thief ran away ________ the police，so the police didn’t catch him. a．at the sight of b．in the sight of c．at the thought of d．in sight 解析：选a。句意：小偷一见到警察就跑，因此警察没能逮住他。由句意知a项正确。 20.the practice of hanging clothes across the street is a common ________ in many parts of the city. a．look b．sign c．sight d．appearance 解析：选c。句意：在城市里的许多地方在大街上挂衣服很常见。look＂表情，样子＂；sign＂迹象＂；sight＂景象＂；appearance＂外表＂。 句型解析 1【教材原句】 i_do_not_think_that these classic novels would be made into films if they had nothing to do with life today.(p2) 我认为这些经典小说如果与今天的现实生活没有什么联系的话，它们也不会被拍成电影。 【句法分析】 i do not think that...我认为……不…… (1)主句谓语动词是think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose，consider等且主句的主语是第一人称后面接否定意思的宾语从句时，否定词要移到主句谓语动词的前面，否定主句相当于否定从句，这一现象在英语中被称为否定转移。 (2)常见的句型结构i’m sure/afraid...；i don’t think/suppose/believe that...其后反意疑问句要和从句主语、谓语相一致。 ①i don’t think it is necessary.我认为这没必要。 ②i don’t think he is right，is he? 我认为他不对，是吧？ (3)当陈述部分带有宾语从句，而此时主句的主语是第二或第三人称时，反意疑问句的主语、谓语应和主句的主语、谓语保持一致。 ③he said that he would come to my birthday party，didn’t he? 他说会来参加我的生日聚会，不是吗？ 21．先写出下列句子的反义疑问句，再将其译成汉语： (1)i don’t believe he will succeed，_________？ ________________________________________ 答案：will he；我想他不会成功的，对不对？ (2)he doesn’t believe she will succeed，____________？ ________________________________________ 答案：does he；他认为她不会成功，对不对？ 2【教材原句】 pip_dislikes_it_when_joe comes to visit him in london.(p3) 当乔来伦敦看他时，皮普并不喜欢。 【句法分析】 it用在不能直接跟宾语从句的动词或动词短语，尤其是表示好恶的动词及动词短语后，如enjoy，like，love，dislike，resent，hate，don’t mind，be fond of，feel like，see to，即这些动词及动词短语后面的宾语从句前要加it。 ①i take it that you don’t agree with me. 我的理解是：你不同意我的见解。 ②i hate it when i have to speak in french on the phone. 当必须得用法语打电话时，我感到很厌恶。 ③i like it when she sings a song for me. 我喜欢她为我唱歌。 ④i can’t help it if he is always late. 如果他总是迟到，我也没办法。 ⑤i will appreciate it if you can help me. 如您能帮忙，我将不胜感激。 ⑥please see to it that you bring enough money when you go out. 你出门时，请务必带足够的钱。 ⑦you can count on it that he is very smart. 你就相信吧，他非常聪明。 ⑧as someone puts it，practice makes perfect. 像某人所说的那样，熟能生巧。 22．(XX年陕西宝鸡教学质检)how can i help________if people don’t read the instructions? a．that b．it c．what d．them 解析：选b。考查代词。句意：如果人们不看说明，我有什么办法呢？此处it用于谈论某种情况。 23.—can i ask you a few straightforward questions about yourself? —no problem.i like________when people are open and direct. a．that b．this c．it d．them 解析：选c。考查代词it的用法。i like it when...是固定句式，表示＂我喜欢……＂，it无实义。 作文指导 图画类作文 【体裁导航】 图画类的材料直观、形象、生动，具有很大的自由发挥空间，所以，近几年一直是高考英语写作题的考查形式。 图画类材料的图片可能是一幅或几幅，也可能以漫画形式出现；其写作体裁更不固定，可以记叙,可以说明，也可以议论。但无论是何种形式，何种体裁，其写作的过程及要求基本相同。 1．认真观察图片所表达的内容或内涵，分清图与图之间的关系，甚至要考虑到图片表达的是何时、何地、什么人、什么事、过程和结果等。 2．考虑用什么样的体裁来写(记叙、说明、议论都有可能)，从而确定你的写作模式。是日记、通知，要注意其格式；是书信、email，要注意其特定的要求或组成部分；是议论，则要把握好论点的设立，论据的选择和论证的拓展等。 3．文章的过渡词、过渡段在图画类的书面表达中起着关键的＂润滑＂作用，可见，如何串点成文，整体划一，关联词必不可少。 4．如何开头才能做到＂先声夺人＂，怎样结尾才能令人＂回味无穷＂，也是要通盘考虑的问题。 【写作示例】 请仔细观察以下五幅图，根据图中信息用英语写一篇有关第三中学优秀学生方芳的短文。 要求：1.要点齐全，适当增加细节； 2.条理清晰，行文连贯； 3.词数：150左右。 【写作要领】 本篇书面表达属于看图说话类。写作时，首先看清要求，认真审题，确定文体、人称和时态。这是一篇故事性的记叙文，主体时态应为一般过去时，应用第三人称来写。 其次，通过对五幅图的认真观察，得出故事的主要情节：一天夜里，风刮得很大。方芳凌晨两点钟起床，赶到学校，把窗户关好后回家。 然后仔细观察每一幅图，注意图画之间的内在联系，不放过每一处细节，如图画中钟表的时间为两点钟。 最后，根据以上的观察和分析，开始用英文进行写作。写作时注意不但要把每一幅图的信息表达出来，还要注意图画之间的衔接，注意使用必要的连接词并照顾到首尾呼应。 【金点模板】 第一幅和第二幅图(两幅图可根据需要放在一起进行描述) one night，at about 2 o’clock，it began to blow outside./it was at 2 o’clock in the early morning that it began to blow. the wind was so strong that the noise woke up fang fang. the wind stuck the window open，and she felt a bit cold. she knew a heavy rain would soon arrive.she thought of her classroom. she wondered whether the students on duty had closed the windows properly. she got up and put on her clothes. 第三幅图 she decided to go out right away and get to the school before the rain came. she opened the door and rushed out into the dark to the school. on the way，the strong wind made it difficult for her to go forward quickly.in spite of this，she ran as fast as possible，and finally she got to the school. 第四幅图 she hurried to her classroom and opened the door. she turned on the lights and found that all the windows were open. the strong wind made it difficult for her to shut up all the windows.it was difficult for her to .../she made great efforts to... she made sure that all the windows were closed properly. 第五幅图 she turned off the lights and left the classroom. as soon as she got home，the rain started to pour down. no sooner had she got home than the rain began to pour down. hardly had she got home when the rain began to pour down. upon/on getting home，she found the rain began to pour down. 【范文点评】 ①it was nearly at 2 o’clock in the early morning that the wind began to blow outside.it was so strong that the noise woke up fang fang.②the wind blowing through the windows that were struck open made her feel a bit cold.she realized that a heavy rain would soon arrive.③suddenly she thought of the windows in the classroom and wondered whether the students on duty had closed the windows properly or not.④without hesitation，she began to put on her clothes，opened the door and rushed out into the dark to her school.⑤on the way，the strong wind made it difficult for her to go forward.in spite of this，she ran as fast as possible and finally managed to get to the school before the rain came.⑥she hurried to her classroom，turned on the lights，and found that some of the windows were open.⑦she made great efforts to shut up all the windows one by one，fighting against the heavy wind.⑧after making sure that all the windows were properly closed，she turned off the lights and left the classroom.hardly had she got home when the rain started to pour down.⑨tired and sleepy as she was，she felt happy about the meaningful thing she had done. 点评： ①该句使用强调句型，突出事件发生的时间是凌晨两点。 ②现在分词作定语修饰the wind，更加生动形象；用定语从句强调风大。 ③使用并列复合句，使文章句式更加多样化。 ④介词短语用得恰到好处；一系列谓语动词的并列使用展现出她当时急切的心情和迅速的动作。 ⑤it作形式宾语。 ⑥三个并列谓语表明动作的连贯与迅速，符合她当时的心情。 ⑦短语make efforts to do 的使用非常贴切；现在分词作伴随状语，突出她当时关窗的难度之大。 ⑧准确地应用了hardly...when...句式。 ⑨使用as引导的倒装句式，使文章句式丰富。 【类题尝试】 (XX年北京海淀区第二学期期末考试)假设你是某中学的学生，3月22日(世界水日)你参加了你班开展的一系列节水宣传活动。请根据以下四幅图的先后顺序，以日记的形式记录当天的活动内容。注意：词数不少于150。 参考词汇：宣传材料—leaflets；危机—crisis march 22,XX monday sunny today is world water day.______________________________________________________________________________one possible version： march_22,XX monday sunny today_is_world_water_day.in the morning，we had a class meeting talking about what to do on this special day.finally，we reached an agreement and immediately began to make preparations for the afternoon’s activities. at 2 00 p．m.，we went to the neighboring community to hand out leaflets，calling on people to save water.around 3 o’clock，the expert we invited made an excellent speech on the current water crisis in china.he talked about the draught in the southeast and the severe shortage of water in out city.the speech had a strong appeal to all the people present，including me. after the speech，we had a discussion with our neighbors about various ways of saving water in our daily life.i suggested turning off the tap water immediately after use，and a granny came up with the idea of reusing the water from kitchen，for example，the water after washing fruits and vegetables can be used to water flowers and so on. today，i have had a better understanding of the importance of saving water and really learned a lot about saving water.