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　　unit 3　a healthy life
　　单元要览本单元的中心话题是＂健康生活＂。语言知识的选择和听说读写等语言技能的训练主要围绕如何摒弃恶习、怎样成为健康人展开，其中涉及许多社会热点问题，如抽烟、吸毒、艾滋病、学习与工作压力等影响健康的棘手问题。本单元的目的在于让学生远离有害身体健康的活动，并养成良好的习惯。本单元的主要教学内容如下表所示：
　　类别
　　课程标准要求掌握的内容
　　话题
　　health problems：smoking，hiv/aids，and drugs；attitudes towards hiv/aids
　　abuse
　　v./n. 滥用；虐待
　　comprehension
　　n. 理解力
　　词汇
　　stress
　　vt.加压力于n.压力；重音
　　appendix
　　n. 附录；附件
　　strengthen
　　v. 加强；巩固
　　pill
　　n.药丸；药片[来源:学科网]
　　ban
　　vt.禁止；取缔 n．禁令；谴责
　　survival
　　n.幸存者；幸存
　　effect
　　n.效果；效力
　　sex
　　n.性别；性
　　due
　　adj.欠款的；预定的；到期的
　　needle
　　n. 针；针头
　　automatic
　　adj.无意识的；自动的
　　prejudice
　　n.偏见；成见
　　mental
　　adj.精神的；智力的
　　judgement
　　n.看法；判决；判断
　　desperate
　　adj.绝望的；拼命的
　　abortion
　　n.流产；中途失败
　　disappointed
　　adj.失望的；沮丧的
　　cigar
　　n.雪茄烟
　　ashamed
　　adj.感到羞耻或惭愧的
　　tough
　　adj.困难的；强硬的
　　awkward
　　adj.局促不安的；笨拙的
　　addicted
　　adj.入迷的；上瘾的
　　quit
　　vt. 停止；离开
　　pregnant
　　adj.怀孕的
　　accustom
　　vt.使习惯于
　　abnormal
　　adj.畸形的；异常的
　　cigarette
　　n.香烟；纸烟
　　breathless
　　adj.气喘吁吁的；屏息的
　　alcohol
　　n.酒；酒精
　　unfit
　　adj.不健康的；不合适的
　　adolescent
　　n. 青少年
　　illegal
　　adj.违法的
　　withdrawal
　　n.收回；撤退；戒毒过程
　　male
　　adj.男性的；雄性的
　　lung
　　n.肺
　　female
　　adj.女性的；雌性的
　　packet
　　n.小包；小盒
　　embarrassed
　　adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的
　　chemist
　　n.药剂师；化学家
　　automatically
　　adv.无意识地；自动地
　　词
　　汇
　　due to由于[来源:学#科#网z#x#x#k][来源:z.xx.k.com]
　　be addicted to 对……有瘾
　　decide on 对……作出决定
　　be accustomed to 习惯于
　　feel like(doing)想要做
　　ban smoking 禁止吸烟
　　in spite of 不管；不顾
　　during adolescence 在青春期
　　take risks(a risk)冒险
　　withdrawal symptoms 脱瘾过程症状
　　get into 陷入；染上(坏习惯)
　　feel ashamed 感到羞愧
　　at risk 处境危险；遭受危险
　　chances of survival 生存的可能性
　　句
　　型
　　1.it_seems_amazing_that at my age i am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.(it作形式主语)
　　2.however，what_i_did_know was that_my girlfriend thought i smelt terrible.(名词性从句)
　　3.when i was taken off the school football team because i was unfit，i knew it_was_time_to quit smoking.(it is time to do sth.是该干……的时候了。)
　　4.i do_hope so because i want you to live_as_long_and_healthy_a_life_as i have.(强调；比较结构)
　　5.every_time you feel like smoking a cigarette，remind yourself that you are a non－smoker.(every time 引导时间状语从句)
　　6.it_is_only_when the disease has progressed to aids_that_a person begins to look sick.(强调结构)
　　功
　　能
　　禁止、警告和允许(prohibition，warning and permission)
　　don＂t...　do...　　　　you should(not)．..　 it would be a good idea to...
　　don＂t forget to... you don＂t have to... it＂s ok/all right to...
　　it＂s not a good idea to... mind your head/step! is it ok if i．..?
　　i wonder if i could smoke here. would/do you mind if i．..？
　　语
　　法
　　＂it＂的用法(the use of ＂it＂)(1)
　　it seems amazing that at my age i am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.
　　it is not easy to stop smoking...
　　it is no good crying over spilt milk.
　　it is a beautiful day.
　　it is 10 kilometres to the castle.
　　教
　　学
　　重
　　点
　　1.get students to know about healthy life.
　　2．have students learn some useful new words and expressions about healthy life and let them use effective ways to master them.
　　3．enable students to grasp and use the expressions of prohibition，warning and permission.
　　4．let students learn the new grammar item：the use of ＂it＂．
　　5．develop students＂ listening，speaking，reading and wri ting ability.
　　教学
　　难点
　　1.enable students to master the use of ＂it＂．
　　2．let students learn to write a letter of advice.
　　3．develop students＂ integrative skills.
　　课
　　时
　　安
　　排
　　periods needed：6
　　period 1　warming up，pre－reading，reading and comprehending
　　period 2　language study
　　period 3　grammar—the use of ＂it＂(1)
　　period 4　listening and speaking
　　period 5　reading and writing
　　period 6　summing up，learning tip and assessment
　　period 1　warming up，
　　pre－reading，reading and comprehending
　　整体设计教学内容分析　　　this is the first teaching period of this unit.the central part of this period is two sections in the reading passage titled advice from grandad and how can you stop smoking?warming up presents issues about health for students to discuss.pre－reading provides some questions to help students focus on the topic of the reading passage and get the students to realize the harm of smoking.teachers may provide students some advice on how to give up smoking.reading is in two parts.the first part is a letter from a grandad to his grandson.grandad lives a long and healthy life，but he has ever been addicted to nicotine，so he lists reasons for being addicted and the harm of smoking.the second part gives advice about how to stop smoking.comprehending consists of three kinds of exercises for the students so as to help the students to get a better understanding of the text，that is to say，to help the teacher to check how much the students have understood the text.exercise 1：fill in the form about the content of the text；exercise 2：discuss the content of the text；exercise 3：write down an outline on how to persuade people to give up smoking within five sentences.三维目标设计　　　knowledge and skills1．to know the meanings of the following new words and phrases：cigarette(香烟)，alcohol(酒)，abuse(滥用)，stress(压力；加压力于)，adolescent(青少年), ban(禁止)，due (欠款的；预定的；到期的)，tough(困难的), addicted(上了瘾的)，accustom(使习惯于)，withdrawal(收回；戒毒过程), automatic(无意识的；自动的), mental(精神的；智力的), quit(停止；离开), effect(结果；效力), lung(肺)，pregnant(怀孕的), abnormal(畸形的；异常的), breathless (气喘吁吁的)，unfit(不健康的；不合适的)，strengthen(加强), decide on(对……作出决定)，packet(小盒；小包), feel like(doing)(想要做)，desperate(绝望的；拼命的), chemist (药剂师；化学家)，disappointed(失望的；沮丧的), ashamed(感到羞耻的或惭愧的)2．to learn about some health problems and how to live a healthy life.3．to develop the students＂ reading ability by skimming and scanning the passage.4．to develop the students＂ speaking ability by talking about health problems.process and methods1．while doing warming up the teacher can lead in the topic of this unit by sh owing students some pictures of healthy or unhealthy activities.students can practice their oral english by describing the activities.by reading a passage，students can have a better understanding of what is a healthy life.2．during pre－reading the teacher can go around the classroom and discuss the questions with several students.this discussion should be student－centered and help students understand the harm of smoking.the teacher should lead the students to look at the title and layout of the two sections in the reading passage and try to find out the main idea of the text by skimming.3．while doing reading and comprehending，the teacher may first ask the students to read the text quickly to get the general idea of each paragraph.after reading the passage，students are encouraged to answer some questions and study the organization of the text.4．to consolidate the contents of the reading passage，the students should be required to discuss some questions about the text at the end of the class.emotion，attitude and value1．to get the students to reflect on some health issues which may concern them in the future and make sure they will be less likely to become addicted to risky behavior.2．to develop students＂ sense of cooperative learning.教学重、难点　　　1．to enable the students to learn about health problems and to develop their reading ability.2．to enable the students to describe a healthy person or a healthy activity.
　　教学过程 step 1　warming up1．warming up by looking and talkingask the students to look at the following pictures and see what they are doing，then judge which are healthy activities while which are unhealthy ones.the students should be encouraged to de scribe the pictures in their own words.
　　picture one：they are singing.(healthy)picture two：they are drinking alcohol.(unhealthy)picture three：they are doing taiji.(healthy)picture four：they are eating too much.(unhealthy)picture five：he is smoking.(unhealthy)picture six：they are playing basketball.(healthy)2．warming up by reading the following passage.nowadays，it is a fashion to eat healthy food，such as organically－grown food，and do exercises to keep healthy.in brief，people are trying to live a healthy life.but what should be done to live a healthy life？different people have different ideas.someone says to live a hea lthy life is to have a strong body.some people think keeping psychologically healthy is very important.in my view，it＂s essential to keep physically and psychologically healthy.to keep physically healthy，you should do sports like running，playing basketball，etc.today more and more people go to the fitness centers.there are some popular ways of fitness like yoga which is a sensation in many big cities today.i think it is very useful for us to do some exercises every day.in this way，we can have a strong body.more importantly，to keep psychologically healthy，you should have a good attitude towards people around you.we often say：＂attitude is everything.＂ it means good attitude leads to a good mood.in this way we can keep psychologically healthy.it is more sensible to have positive attitude.when you meet with some hardship，you should not be sad.you should have confidence in yourself and do something for relaxation.you should say to yourself：＂i can make it.i am one in a million.i am special in this world.＂ in this way，you definitely have a good mood and work efficiently.in a word，to live a healthy life is a comprehensive project in a way.we should keep healthy both psychologically and physically.in our daily life we should do some exercises and have a positive attitude towards life.we can also turn to some specialists for advice.only in this way can we live a healthy life.after reading the passage，let students answer a question：what＂s a healthy life?suggested answer：to be truly healthy，a person must be well in mind，body and spirit. step 2　pre－reading1．discussion：(1)why do you think some adolescents start smoking?(2)in what ways is smoking harmful？do you think smoking should be banned?(3)what advice would you give to someone who wanted to stop smoking?2．skim the text and answer the following questions.(1)who wrote the letter and to whom?(2)how many parts does the reading text consist of?(3)what is the purpose of the letter?suggested answers：1．(1)some adolescents start smoking because they are falsely influenced by some media.some think it＂s cool.maybe some want to lighten some stress.(2)m entally and healthily.i think smoking should be banned.(3)let them get interested in some positive hobbies like sports，playing music，reading，playing chess and so on.2．(1)a grandfather wrote the letter to his grandson james.(2)two parts.the first part is a letter and the second p art is an internet page.(3)this letter aims to explain how a smoker becomes addicted to cigarettes and why he should give up smoking. step 3　reading and comprehending1．fast－read ingask students to skim the passage so as to get the key words and general idea of each paragraph.paragraph one：______　　paragraph two：______　　paragraph three：______paragraph four：______　 paragraph five：______a．the writer leads to the topic of the letter by talking about james＂ problem of smoking.b．introducing some different ways of becoming addicted.c．telling the writer＂s hope for his grandson.d．telling the harmful effects of smoking.e．from the life the writer is leading now，we can know the importance of healthy life.suggested answers：e　a　b　d　c2．detailed－reading(1)ask students to read the text carefully to get some specific information and do the true or false questions.①james is addicted to smoking now and couldn＂t give it up.②james＂ grandad is also addicted to cigarettes now.③smoking doesn＂t affect the health of non－smokers.④grandad quitted smoking at last.⑤james＂ grandad knew much about the harmful effects of smo king when he was young.(2)ask students to scan the reading passage for detailed information and do the following multiple choices.①the first two sentences of the letter shows james＂ grandpa______.a．lives a healthy life　　　b．is addicted to sitting in the gardenc．has nothing to do at homed．is tired when returning from a long bike trip②in what way did the old man try to persuade his grandson to give up smoking?a．using scientific theory.　　　　　　　b．his failure in love.c．his sports activity. d．his own experience.③according to the letter，james＂ grandpa______.a．didn＂t give up smokingb．used to be a member of the school football teamc．is lonelyd．wrote down the advice from his experience④______forced james＂ grandpa to give up smoking.a．that he ran too slowb．that he was taken off the school football teamc．his girlfriendd．his parents⑤which of the following statements is not true according to the passage?a．a person＂s smoking can have bad effects on other people.b．it＂s not easy for a person to give up smoking.c．smoking has no effects on sports performance.d．people can become addicted to cigarettes in different ways.(3)read the second part of the text and choose the correct words or phrases to fill in the blanks.choose a day that is not ______ to quit smoking.make a list of all the ______ you will get from stopping smoking.______ all your cigarettes at the end of the day before you plan to quit.______ the list of benefits you wrote when you feel like smoking.develop some other habits like walking，drinking some water，cleaning the house and so on to keep yourself busy.if you feel nervous or stressed，try to do some ______ exercises like deep breathing.you can stop smoking with a friend or join a group.if you feel really bad，ask a doctor or ______ for help.the most important thing is to keep trying.don＂t feel ______ if you ______ and have a cigarette，because some people have to try many times before they finally quit smoking.never give up and you will succeed.suggested answers: (1)①t　②f　③f　④t　⑤f(2)① ⑤ adbbc(3)stressful；benefits；throw away；reread；relaxation；chemist；ashamed；weaken  step 4　language studydeal with any language problem if any(words or sentences students might not understand)to help the students to have a better understanding of the text. step 5　listening，reading aloud and underliningask students to read the passage aloud to t he tape and let them pay attention to the pronunciation of each word and the pauses within each sentence.tell them to pick out all the useful expressions or collocations from the passage while reading and copy them to the notebook after class as homework.collocations：due to，be addicted to，be accustomed to，do damage to，go out with，take off，quit smoking，decide on，be determined，feel like，reach for，feel stressed/ashamed step 6　studying the organization of the textkeys for reference：each paragraph of the reading passage begins with a topic sentence. step 7　discussion1．what kind of person do you think james＂ grandfather is?2．what do you think can be done to protect non－smokers especially women and babies from those who smoke？(i think that.../in my opinion.../i believe that.../it＂s easy to do...)suggested answers：1．he is fit and healthy and leads an active life.he cares for his grandson＂s well－being and loves him.he is knowledgeable.2．in my opinion，we should separate smoking and non－smoking areas in public places. step 8　homework1．learn the useful new words and expressions in this part by heart.2．write a short passage about how to give up smoking(search as much information as possible)． step 9　reflection after teaching________________________________________________________________________
　　教学参考ⅰ.8 reasons for smokingno，not at all dear readers，this article is not meant to promote smoking but to point out several reasons why one would like to smoke.of course，it is a habit and so repeated over and over a gain but there are factors behind an inpidual＂s smoking habit.smoking tobacco is now very common even among teenagers and while administrations in the countries are trying to prohibit smoking on the other side they are also aware about the revenues generated each other through tobacco.let us have a quick look at the reasons for smoking：few people smoke as they have an idea of feeling masculine.nicotine has a characteristic of gripping its patient with constant craving for some more.social gatherings and meetings have also led to increase in smoking.alcohol and other addictions also support the character of tobacco in giving high.few people think that smoking a cigarette gives an impression of being carefree.few smokes due to their burning emotions of heart break.smoking habit is also found to be given in inheritance by parents.some diet losers have caught the idea that smoking burns calories and have shunned the bad effects of smoking from their mind.ⅱ.smoking hurts mind as well as bodymiddle－aged adults who smoke tended to perform poorly on tests of memory and reasoning compared to non－smokers，adding to the list of reasons not to smoke，french researchers said on monday.analyzing previously collected data on about 5000 british civil servants，the researchers found those who smoked were more likely than people who never smoked to be in the lowest－performing of five groups in tests of memory，reasoning，vocabulary and verbal fluency.smoking was a ssoci ated with mental decline in middle age，as it is with dementia and a host of physical ills later in life，they found.＂smoking in middle age is associated with memory deficit and decline in reasoning abilities，＂ concluded severine sabia and colleagues from the national institute of health and medical research in villejuif，france.compared to smokers，people who said they had quit cigarettes were more likely to adopt healthier behaviors，such as drinking less alcohol，being more physically active，and eating more fruit and vegetables，sabia reported in the journal archives of in ternal.the participants were aged 35 to 55 at the beginning of the study，which followed some subjects up to 17 years.the study also demonstrated how difficult it can be to conduct long－term research on smokers：more than twice as many smokers as non－smokers refu sed to take the memory test again or were not able to be re－tested，in some cases because they died in the interim.