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　　module6 unit4
　　grammar-----虚拟语气的其他用法
　　learning aims： 1. to recognize the kinds of the subjective .
　　2. to grasp the usages of the other forms of the subjective .
　　3. to finish some exercises about forms of the subjective .
　　important points：knowing how to use the subjective of the other forms
　　difficult points： how to recognize in which conditions to use the subjective .
　　learning guide： read, remember and apply
　　复习回顾：
　　时间if条件句（谓语动词形式）主句（谓语动词形式）
　　省略if
　　1. 复习含有条件句的虚拟语气的几种形式：
　　2. 单项选择：
　　1. if i had studied english last year, i able to speak it now.
　　a. would have been b. should be c. had been d. could be
　　2. if i __ where he lived, i ____ a note to him.
　　a. knew, would b. had known, would have sent
　　c. know, would send d. knew, would have sent
　　3. if they _ __ earlier than expected, they ____ here now.
　　a. had started, would be b. started, might be
　　c. had started, would have been d. will start, might have been
　　4. mary is ill today. if she __ __ , she ____ absent from school.
　　a. were not ill; wouldn’t＂ be b. had been ill; wouldn＂t have been
　　c. had been ill; should have been d. hadn＂t been ill; could be
　　5. were i to do it, i ___ ___ it some other way.
　　a. will do b. would do c. would have done d. were to do
　　自主学习：
　　一．混合条件句
　　有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句。
　　1.if you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.
　　如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。（从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。）
　　2.if it had rained last night, it would be very cold today.
　　如果昨晚下过雨，今天就会很冷了。
　　分析：______________________________________________________________.
　　【习题链接】：
　　1. if they ____ earlier than expected, they ____ here now.
　　a. had started, would be b. started, might be
　　c. had started, would have beend. will start, might have been
　　2. if i had studied english last year, i able to speak it now.
　　a. would have been b. should be c. had been d. could be
　　二、虚拟语气在一些从句中的用法：
　　在宾语从句中的应用
　　1. i suggest that we （should） hold a meeting next week.
　　我建议下周召开个会议。
　　2.he insisted that he （should ） be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。
　　要点归纳：
　　_____________________________________________________________________
　　______________________________________________________________________
　　_____________________________________________________________________.
　　判断改错：
　　1 you pale face suggests that you（should）be ill.
　　2.i insisted that you（should）be wrong.
　　【习题链接】：
　　1. his mother insisted that he _____ the coat when going out.
　　a. put on b. puts on c. to put d. putting on
　　2. the doctor advised that mr. malan _____ an operation right away so as to save his life.
　　a. had b. would have c. have 　d. was going to have
　　3.the teacher demanded that the work _____ before 4 o’clock.
　　a. finished b. be finished c. should finish d. finish
　　4.--- what did the doctor say about your mother’s illness?
　　--- he suggested that she _____ an operation at once.
　　a. must haveb. hadc. haved. had had
　　翻译：我要求他立刻答复我
　　在主语从句中的应用
　　1. it is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)that we should clean the room every day.
　　2. it was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.
　　3. it will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.
　　要点归纳：
　　____________________________________________________________________________
　　____________________________________________________________________________
　　_________________________________________________________________________.
　　【习题链接】：
　　1. it is important that enough money _____ collected to get the project started.
　　a. is b. be c must be d can be
　　it’s necessary that a meeting _____ before the final decision is made.
　　a. will be arranged b. must be arranged c. be arranged　d. would be arranged
　　2. it is strange that he _____ you this.
　　a. would tell b. should tell c. had told d. has told
　　在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用
　　1. my idea is that we（should）get more people to attend the conference.
　　我的想法是让更多的人来参加会议。
　　2. i make a proposal that we（should）hold a meeting next week.
　　我提了个建议，下周我们开个会。
　　要点归纳：
　　____________________________________________________________________________
　　____________________________________________________________________________
　　____________________________________________________________________________.
　　【习题链接】
　　单选：1. it’s his suggestion made yesterday that we the sports meeting.
　　a. delaying b. delayed c. must delay d. delay
　　i make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
　　a. would hold b. hold c held d. had held
　　2. his suggestion that you _____ once more sounds reasonable.
　　a. try b. tries c. must try d. can try
　　翻译：我的建议是你尽可能经常地练习说英语。
　　__________________________________________________________________________.
　　虚拟语气在状语从句中的用法
　　（1）. even if he had been ill, he would have gone t his office.
　　即使生了病，他俩去办公室。
　　（2）. he treated me as if i were a stranger.
　　他那样对待我，好像我是陌生人似的。
　　要点归纳：
　　_____________________________________________________________________________
　　_____________________________________________________________________________
　　____________________________________________________________________________.
　　【习题链接】
　　翻译：她谈论那部影片，就好像她确实看过一样.
　　单选：1.he acted as if he ______ everything in the world.
　　a. knew b. knows c. has known d. won＂t know
　　2. when a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ____.
　　a. breaksb. has broken
　　c. were broken d. had been broken
　　3. i didn＂t know his telephone number, otherwise i __ ____ him.
　　a. had telephoned b. would telephone
　　c. would have telephoned d. telephone
　　注:如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么方式状语从句中谓语动词可用陈述语气。
　　（3）. 在in order that或so that引导的目的状语从句中，谓语动词多用 ＂could或might（有时也用should）+ 动词原形＂。
　　【习题链接】
　　翻译：格林先生说得很慢，好让学生听清楚。
　　单选： they got up early in order that they __ _____ they first train.
　　a. caught b. will catch c. might catch d. shall catch
　　以in case, lest, for fear that引起的状语从句，表示＂以防，以免＂。其形式为should+动词原形。如：
　　he took his raincoat with him in case it should rain.
　　他把雨衣带在身上以防下雨。
　　三、虚拟语气的几个句式：
　　wish句式：
　　例如：i wish i were as tall as you.　我希望和你一样高。
　　 he wished he hadn＂t said that. 他希望他没讲过那样的话。
　　 i wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。
　　要点归纳：
　　____________________________________________________________________________
　　_________________________________________________________________________.
　　【习题链接】
　　单选1.she wishes she _ __ to the theatre last night.
　　a. wentb. would go c. had goned. were going
　　2.we wish we ___ _ what you did when we were at high school.
　　a. did b. could have donec. have doned. should do
　　比较if only与only if 句式：
　　i wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了，我才会醒。
　　if only the alarm clock had rung.　　　当时闹钟响就好了。
　　if only he comes early.　　　　　　　但愿他早点回来。
　　要点归纳：
　　_____________________________________________________________________________
　　_____________________________________________________________________.
　　【习题链接】
　　if only i ______ there.
　　a. have not been b. would not been c. will not be d. had not been
　　it’s (high) time that 、would rather 句式：
　　 it is time that the children went to bed. 孩子们该睡觉了。
　　 it is high time that the children should go to bed.
　　i would rather you attended the meeting this afternoon
　　要点归纳：
　　____________________________________________________________________________
　　__________________________________________________________________________.
　　【习题链接】
　　单选：
　　1. it is high time we _____ __ home.
　　a. will go b. would goc. have gone d. went
　　2. let＂s finish our homework in a few seconds; it＂s time we __________.
　　a. played football b. will play football c. play football d. are playing football
　　3. don’t you think it is time you _____ smoking?
　　a. give up b. gave up c. would give up d. should give up
　　4. i am too busy these days. i would rather all of you _____ next month for a dinner.
　　a. come b. would come c. came　 d. have come
　　含蓄句式：
　　but for your help, we couldn’t have succeeded.
　　they wouldn’t have reached the agreement so easily without that common ground.
　　she wasn’t feeling very well. otherwise she wouldn’t have left the meeting so early
　　要点归纳：
　　_____________________________________________________________________________
　　________________________________________________________________________.
　　【习题链接】：
　　1. without heat and sunlight, plants on the earth ______ well.
　　a. would not grow b. will not grow c. had not grown d. would not be grown
　　2. but for my classmates＂ help, i _____ the work in time.
　　a. did not finish b. could not finish c. will not finish d. would not have finished 3. 3. but for the rain, we _____ a nice holiday.
　　a. should have b. would have had c. would have d. will have had
　　当堂检测
　　1．＂it is high time that we generation gap between young and old.＂ said british queen elizabeth ⅱwhen delivering her christmas message yesterday.
　　a．have bridgedb．bridge c．bridgedd．will bridge
　　3. i am sorry that he _______ in such poor health.
　　a. are b. shall be c. were d. should be
　　4. that is a good book. you ________ it yesterday.
　　a. could buy b. should buyc. should have bought d. bought
　　5. if only i ________ to the lecture!
　　a. listenb. will listen c. am listeningd. had listened
　　6. without electricity, human life ______ quite different today.
　　a. is b. will bec. would have been d. would be
　　7. he _______ you more help, even though he was very busy.
　　a. might have givenb. might givec. may have givend. may give
　　8. mike＂s father, as well as his mother, insisted that he ______ home.
　　a. stayed b. could stayc. has stayed d. stay
　　9. mr. smith insisted that he ______ the work all.
　　a. had done b. have donec. did d. so
　　10. it is important that we ________.
　　a. shall close the window before we leave
　　b. will close the window before we leave
　　c. must close the window before we leave
　　d. close the window before we leave
　　1.it is hard for me to imagine what i would be doing today if i ____ in love, at the age of seven, with the melinda cox library in my hometown.
　　a. wouldn＂t have fallen b. had not fallen c. should fall d. were to fall
　　2.i would love to _____the party last night but i had to work extra hours to finish a report.
　　a. go b. have gone c. going d. having gone
　　答案
　　时间if条件句（谓语动词形式）主句（谓语动词形式）
　　现在过去式/be(were)would/should…do
　　过去had donewould/should…have done
　　将来过去式/should do/were to dowould/should do
　　省略if把had、were、should等提到句首，用倒装语序
　　一、复习：
　　bbaab
　　二、自主学习：
　　if 从句与过去事实相反，故用had done, 主句与现在事实相反，故用would be.
　　ab
　　三、虚拟语气的其他用法：
　　在宾语从句中的应用。
　　表示命令、建议、要求等的动词+宾语从句，从句用虚拟语气。（should ）+ do 的形式。常见的词：suggest，advise，recommend，propose；order，command；require，request，demand；insist。
　　are were
　　acbc
　　i demanded he (should ) answer me immediately.
　　在主语从句在的应用。
　　1. it is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.) + that 句。
　　2. it was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that +that 句。
　　3. it will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.) that +句。
　　用（should）+do
　　bcb
　　在表语从句，同位语从句中的应用。
　　表示建议、要求和命令对应的名词后面跟表语从句或同位语从句时，从句通常用虚拟语气（should）+ do。
　　dba
　　my suggestion is that you should practice speaking english as often as possible.
　　在状语从句中的应用。
　　even if/even though, as if/as though 引导状语从句时，如表示与事实相反时用虚拟语气。
　　she talked about the film as if she had seen it before.
　　acc
　　mr green spoke slowly so that/in order that he could make himself heard clearly by his students.
　　四、虚拟语气的几个句式：
　　wish句式：
　　wish that +句子。＂但愿……就好了＂。与现在事实相反，谓语动词用过去式、be（were）; 与过去事实相反，用had done; 与将来事实相反，用would + do.
　　cb
　　if only /only if 句式：
　　if only 通常要用虚拟语气。而only if ＂只有……才……＂，放在句首，用部分倒装。
　　d
　　it’s (high ) time that……, would rather that……句式：
　　it’s time that……, 通常用过去式、be（were）,或用should +do。
　　would rather that……与现在事实相反，谓语动词用过去式,be(were)；与过去事实相反，用had done; 与将来事实相反，用过去式。
　　dabc
　　含蓄句式：
　　but for/otherwise/or/without等引导短语相当于if 引导的条件状语从句，句子使用相应的动词形式。
　　adb