2020八年级上册英语unit13知识点及语法（人教版）

　　unit1
　　1. we had great fun playing in the water. 我们在水中玩得很高兴。
　　have fun (in) doing sth. 做某事很高兴 = enjoy oneself
　　we had a lot of fun swimming in the sea.
　　i have great fun talking with that little girl.
　　练一练(1) i have a good time on the beach. ( 同义句)
　　i ______ ________ on the beach.
　　(2) we have fun ______(sing) and ______( dance).
　　2. i found a small boy crying in the corner. 我发现一个小男孩在角落里哭。
　　find sb. doing sth. 发现某人正在做某事
　　he sat down and watched wang wang play with a friend black cat.
　　感官动词 see, hear, feel, watch, listen to, look at, find
　　（1）感官动词+ 宾语+ 动词原形 强调看到/听到整个动作，或整个事件或行为的全过程
　　（2）感官动词+ 宾语+ 现在分词 强调看到/听到行动或事件正在进行
　　i saw him cross the street. 我看见他过了马路。（从一边到另一边）
　　i saw him crossing the street. 我看见他正过马路。（正在马路中间走着）
　　练一练 (1) i found a dog ______ near the door.
　　a. was standing b. to stand c. stand d. stood
　　(2) she heard a little boy ______ english.
　　a. reading b. reads c. to read d. is reading
　　3. that made me feel very happy. 那使我感到很愉快。
　　make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
　　使役动词 have, let, make 后跟不带to的不定式作宾补
　　let me help you.
　　i’ll have him bring some water.
　　练一练 (1) helping others can make us ______ very happy.
　　a. feeling b. to feel c. feel d. felt
　　(2) they _____ the boy leave at once.
　　a. asked b. told c. kept d. made
　　(3) mother often ______ me ______ my homework after supper.
　　a. makes, doing b. lets, doing c. watched, to do d. makes, do
　　unit2
　　1. how often do you exercise ?   how often + 助动词do(does或did) + 主语 + do sth. ? 疑问词how often是问频率(多经常), 在这里助动词do(does或did) 是起帮助构成疑问的作用
　　once a week / three times a month / three or four times a month .
　　练习. —______ is ＂lucky 52＂ shown on cctv-2?
　　—every week.（XX年，黄冈）
　　a. how often b. how long c. how soon d. how many times
　　2. as for...意思是＂至于；关于＂，常用于句首作状语，其后跟名词、代词或动词的-ing形式（即动名词）。如
　　as for him，i never want to see him here. 至于他，我永远不希望在这里见到。
　　(1). ________(至于，关于) clothes, she likes clothes in fashion.
　　3. want to do sth.意思是＂想要做某事＂；
　　want sb. to do sth.意思是＂想要某人做某事＂。如：
　　do you want to go to the movies with me？你想和我一起去看电影吗？
　　the teacher doesn＂t want us to eat hamburgers.老师不想让我们吃汉堡包。
　　练习： his mother wants him ___ at home today.
　　a. stays b. stayed c. to stay d. staying
　　4. be good for...表示＂对……有益（有好处）＂。其反义为：be bad for...。后接名词、代词或动名词；be good at意为＂擅长……＂，后接名词、代词或ving形式。be good with意为＂灵巧的；与……相处得好＂；be good to意为＂对……友好。
　　(1).(XX乌鲁木齐) 1 think drinking milk is good ____ our health.
　　a．for b. to c. with d. at
　　5. try to do sth.表示＂ 尽力做某事 ＂ ，不包含是否成功的意思 / try doing sth. 表示＂ （用某一办法）试着去做某事＂。 如:you’d better try doing the experiment in another way. 你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。
　　练习： he must _____ his sister with her math.
　　a. try help b. trying to help c. trys to help d. try to help
　　6. help sb. (to) do sth.帮助某人做某事
　　.练习：eating fruit and vegetables can help you ______ more vitamins
　　a. gotb. getting c. to getd. gets
　　7. be the same as 和…一样 / 反义词： be different from 和…不同
　　练习：1.life in the country is quite _______ that in the city.
　　a. the same b. different from c. full of d.the same as
　　2.is your pen _______ jim’s?
　　a.same as b.the same c.the same with d.the same as
　　8. kind of = a little / a kind of 意思是＂一种＂
　　练习：how many ______ medicine are used for the children of six years old?
　　a. kind ofb. kinds of c. kindd. kinds
　　9. keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy =be healthy 保持健康
　　that sounds interesting. 这是＂主语+系动词+表语＂结构的简单句。sound（听起来），look（看起来），smell（闻起来），taste（尝起来），feel（觉得），seem（好象），grow（变得） , get（变得）等词在英语中可用作系动词，后跟形容词作表语。如： it tastes good. 这味道好。
　　the music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。
　　练习：we should keep our classroom ______.
　　a. cleaned b. clean c. cleaning d. to clean
　　10.although意思是＂虽然，尽管＂ 引导的从句不能与but, however连用，但可与yet, still连用 。 although不能指假设的情况，不能作副词，放在词尾。
　　练习：although he is very old, ______he works very hard.
　　a. and 　　b. but c. / 　d. so
　　unit3
　　1.i’m more outgoing than my sister .   主语 + 动词 + 形容词比较级别 + than + 比较对象
　　练习：i don’t think henry is _____ than tony.
　　a. much popular b. more popular c. popular d. most popular
　　2. in some ways 在某些方面; in many ways 在多方面
　　3. enjoy doing sth. =love like doing sth. 喜欢做某事
　　练习：she enjoys _____ basketball on sundays
　　a. play b to play c playing d have played
　　4. as/so + 形容词/ 副词（原形） + as 和……一样
　　它的否定式是：not as/ so + 形容词/ 副词（原形） + as 和……不一样
　　练习：this math problem is _______that one.
　　a.not so easy as b.more easy than c.as easier as d.easy than
　　5. all用于三者或三者以上；both用于两者。同时要注意它们在句中的位置，即位于连系动词（be），助动词（be , will , shall , should 等），情态动词（can , may , must , have to等）的后面；其它动词的前面。
　　同步练习
　　1.there are lots of colorful on _______ sides of the streets.
　　a.each b.both c.either d.all
　　2.what are your parents?
　　they doctors.
　　a.are all b.are both c.all are d.both are
　　6.make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
　　练习：
　　1.the boss makes the worker _______10 hours every day.
　　a.work b.to work c.working d.works
　　.2. mr bean enjoys _______ jokes and often makes us _______.
　　a.to tell; to laugh b.tells; laugh c.telling; laugh d.telling; laughing
　　7.stop doing sth. 意为＂ 停止（正在）做的事情＂ / stop to do sth. 意为＂ 停下（正在做的事）去做某事＂
　　语法：
　　1.一般过去时
　　1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。
　　动词过去式变化规则：
　　1．一般在动词末尾加-ed，如：pull-pulled, cook-cooked
　　2．结尾是e加d，如：taste-tasted
　　3．末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，如：stop-stopped
　　4．以＂辅音字母+y＂结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如：study-studied
　　同步练习
　　1. gao shan _______ (pull) up carrots last national day holiday.
　　2. i ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.
　　3 what _____ she _____ (find) in the garden last morning?
　　she ____ (find) a beautiful butterfly.
　　4. it ____ (be) ben’s birthday last friday 10. we all ___ (have) a good time last night.
　　5.. he _____ (jump) high on last sports day. 12. helen ____ (milk) a cow on fridays.
　　6.. she likes ______ newspapers, but she ______ a book yesterday. (read)
　　7. he _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play)
　　8. jim’s mother _________ (plant) trees just now.
　　9. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on sunday? no, they _____.
　　10. i _______ (watch) a cartoon on mondays. 18 we ____ (go) to school on sundays.
　　2，.英语形容词比较级的构成
　　：
　　英语形容词比较等级有三个：原级，比较级和最高级。
　　形容词比较等级形式变化有规则的和不规则的两种。
　　规则变化 :
　　1）单音节词末尾加-er（比较级），-est（最高级）
　　【例】 small smaller smallest
　　2）单音节如以e结尾，只加-r（比较级），-st（最高级）
　　【例】 fine finer finest
　　闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er（比较级），-est（最高级） big bigger biggest
　　少数以-y，-er，ow，-ble结尾的双音节词，末尾加-er（比较级），-est（最高级）。以-y结尾的词，如-y前是辅音字母，则变y为-i，再加-er和-est。以-e结尾的词只加-r和-st。
　　【例】 clever cleverer cleverest
　　其它双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词more和most。
　　【例】 careful more careful most careful
　　不规则变化
　　原级 比较级 最高级
　　good/well better best
　　bad worse worst
　　many/much more most
　　little less least
　　注：有些形容词一般没有比较等级。如： right, wrong, woolen等。
　　同步练习
　　21. his father is____than his mother. ;
　　a. older four years b. as four years older c. four years older d. bigger four years
　　22. maths is more popular than____.
　　a. any other subject b. all the subjects c. any subject d. other subject
　　23. china is larger than ____ in africa
　　a. any other country b. other countries c. the other country d. any country
　　24. tom is stronger than ___ in his class.
　　a. any other boy b. any boys c. any boy d. other boy
　　25. when spring comes, it gets____.
　　a. warm and warm b. colder and colder c. warmer and warmer d. shorter and shorter
　　26. by and by, ____ students in our class came to like english.
　　a. more and more b. much and much c. many and many d. less and least
　　27. at last he began to cry ___.
　　a. hard and hard b. more hard and more hard
　　c. harder and harder d. less hard and less harder
　　28. when spring comes the days get ____ and nights ____.
　　a. short; long b. long; short c. longer; shorter d. shorter; longer
　　29. ___ i look at the picture, ____ i like it.
　　a. the best; the more b. the more; the less　　c. the more; less d. more; the more
　　30. ___ he read the book, ____ he got in it.
　　a. the more; the more interesting　　b. the less; the more interesting
　　c. the more; the more interested d. more; more interested