高考英语单元知识点复习Unitampnbsp18

　　unit 16
　　理解：要点诠释
　　单词
　　1.addition
　　讲：n.加法；附加物
　　短语:in addition (副词)加之；又；另外
　　in addition to (介词)加之；除……之外
　　例:our boy is still not good at addition.
　　我们的小男孩加法仍然不好。
　　they’ve had an addition to the family.
　　他们家多了一个人。
　　there was an earthquake and,in addition,there were tidal waves.
　　除了地震以外，还有海啸。
　　he speaks french in addition to english.
　　他除了英语以外还会说法语。
　　链接•提示
　　in addition to 相当于besides和as well as，表示＂除了……以外还有……＂。
　　练:(XX北京朝阳测试) the classroom was almost empty________ a desk or two.
　　a.besides b.except for
　　c.except d.in addition to
　　提示:相近介词用法辨析。根据句意可知是先肯定整体再排除部分。
　　答案:b
　　2.count
　　讲： v.(按顺序)数数；计算(或清点)总数；把……算在内；起作用；有重要性；认为；看作；正式认可
　　短语:count on 依靠,指望
　　count up 算出总数,共计
　　例:the little girl can count up to 10 in english.
　　这个小女孩可以用英语数到10。
　　she began to count up how many guests they had to invite.
　　她开始计算他们得邀请多少客人。
　　we have invited 50 people,not counting the children.
　　不算小孩，我们已邀请了50人。
　　the fact that she had apologized counted for nothing with him.
　　她已道歉，但他认为这是没有用的。
　　but it is not just what they do with their feet that counts.
　　但是并不是他们脚的表现在起作用。
　　it’s the thought that counts.
　　贵在心意。
　　don’t go over that line or your throw won’t count.
　　别越过那条线，否则你的投掷就会被判无效。
　　i count him among my closest friends.
　　我把他看作我一个最亲密的朋友。
　　练:we are a party of eleven, ________our teacher.
　　a.counting b.to count
　　c.counted d.having counted
　　提示:根据词语用法，此处的counting相当于including＂包括在内；计算在内＂的意思。
　　答案:a
　　短语
　　1.hold back
　　讲：拦阻；阻挡；不向(某人)透露情况；隐瞒；抑制；控制(感情)；(使)犹豫；踌躇
　　例:she held back,not knowing how to break the terrible news.
　　她踌躇着，不知如何说出这一可怕的消息。
　　i wanted to tell him the truth,but something held me back.
　　我本想告诉他真实的情况，但又开不了口。
　　the police were unable to hold back the crowd.
　　警察阻拦不了人群。
　　she just managed to hold back her anger.
　　她勉强压住了自己的怒火。
　　链接•提示
　　hold 短语还有:
　　hold up举起，阻止，使……延误
　　i held up my hand to show that i had a question.
　　我举手提问题。
　　hold on继续；持续;(电话用语)等一等
　　the storm held on all night.
　　暴风雨持续了一整夜。
　　how much longer can we hold on?
　　我们还能再持续多久？
　　hold out伸出；坚持，维持
　　our food supplies won’t hold out long.
　　我们食品的储量维持不了多久了。
　　练:(XX北京朝阳测试) the school bus was________ by a thick fog.
　　a.held up b.broken off
　　c.kept up d.started up
　　提示:本题考查常见动词短语的辨析，hold up 作及物动词短语时意为＂阻止；使延误＂；符合题意。
　　答案:a
　　2.make a/no/some...difference(to/in sb./sth.)
　　讲：有(或没有、有些等)作用，关系，影响
　　例:the rain didn’t make much difference to the game.
　　这场雨对比赛没多大影响。
　　your age shouldn’t make any difference to whether you get the job or not.
　　你能否得到这工作与你的年龄无关。
　　what difference will it make if he knows or not?
　　他知不知道有什么关系吗？
　　education is essential to poverty relief,so lin ying’s work is making a big difference to the children’s future.
　　教育是脱贫的根本，因此林颖的工作对于孩子的未来有着重大影响。
　　—shall we go on friday or saturday?
　　我们星期五走还是星期六走？
　　—it makes no difference to me.
　　我无所谓。
　　链接•提示
　　make all the difference (to sb./sth.)关系重大；大不相同；使更好受
　　a few kind words at the right time make all the difference.
　　在适当的时候说几句体贴的话效果迥然不同。
　　with difference（用于名词后）引人注目；与众不同
　　the traditional backpack with a difference—it’s waterproof.
　　这个跟传统背包不同——可以防水。
　　练:it is how you react to your failure that makes a________ in future life.
　　a.development b.difference
　　c.progress d.point
　　提示:本题考查名词辨析。短语make a difference的意思为＂产生差别；有影响；起重要作用＂。
　　答案:b
　　句型
　　1.every time引导时间状语从句
　　讲:注意观察下面教材原句:
　　every time he plays football he is watched by thousands of adoring becks fans all over the world.
　　他每次踢球时，世界各地有成千上万的becks队的狂热球迷观看他比赛。
　　此处every time用来引导时间状语从句，其作用相当于连词。
　　例:every time i hear that song i feel happy.
　　我每次听到那首歌都感到愉快。
　　next time you’re here，let’s have lunch together.
　　下次你来这里，我们一起吃午饭。
　　we hadn’t met for 20 years but i recognized him the moment(that) i saw him.
　　我与他有20年没见面了，可是我一见面就认出了他。
　　i want to see him the minute he arrives.
　　他一到我就要见他。
　　链接•提示
　　能够这样用的名词还有the moment,the minute,the day等。
　　练:(1)please remember to send me one of your photos next time you________to me.
　　a.will write b.have written
　　c.write d.wrote
　　提示:next time在此引导时间状语从句。在含有时间、条件状语从句的复合句中，从句用一般现在时代替将来时态。
　　答案:c
　　(2)(XX福建达标中学质量检查) the head of the company promised to deal with matters of this sort________ he returned to his office.
　　a.until b.while
　　c.by the time d.the moment
　　提示:本题考查状语从句引导词的用法。the moment作为连词使用，引导状语从句，相当于as soon as；until表示＂直到＂，在此不合情理；while作＂在……时＂讲时，后面不跟短暂动词；by the time的主句中常用将来完成时或过去完成时。
　　答案:d
　　2. ...immediately when...
　　讲:注意观察下面教材原句:
　　david’s career took off almost immediately when he was part of the manchester united’s youth team that won the fa youth cup in 1992.
　　(差不多)就在大卫作为曼联青年队的成员于1992年赢得英国足球总会青年杯后，他的事业开始起色。
　　在时间状语从句的引导词前可以加上副词进行修饰，表示更加具体的时间。例如:soon after.../shortly after.../not long before.../long before 等。
　　例:he came home immediately after he finished his work.
　　他做完工作后马上就回家了。
　　she got married soon after she graduated from the college.
　　她大学毕业后不久就结婚了。
　　i had known him long before he came to work in my office.
　　在他来我办公室工作之前很久我就认识他。
　　练:come in ________you have taken off your coat,it’s too cold outside.
　　a.long before b.immediately when
　　c.soon after d.long after
　　提示:从后半句话所提供的语境分析，此处用immediately when表时间非常短暂，其他项和语境不符。
　　答案:b
　　辨析
　　1.across,through
　　across表示＂横过、横穿、越过＂时，它的含义与on,over有关，侧重于动作在某一物体或某一地方的表面进行。作介词时，across还可表示＂在……的对过＂；作副词时，表示＂对过＂和＂横过＂。
　　through表示＂通过、穿过＂时，它的含义与in有关，侧重动作在某一物体空间里进行，含有＂从中间通过＂之意。
　　即时练习:
　　(1)look around when you walk________ the street.
　　(2)we drove straight________ the town.
　　(3)she swam________ the river.
　　(4)waste water flows ________this pipe to a treatment plant.
　　(5)the lake was frozen so we walked________ the ice.
　　答案:(1)across (2)through (3)across (4)through (5)across
　　2.be famous for,be famous as
　　be famous for后的介词宾语是主语的所述内容；be famous as后的介词宾语与主语是同位成分。
　　人+be famous for表示＂因某种知识、技能或特征而出名＂。人+be famous as表示＂因某种身份而出名＂。
　　地名+be famous for表示＂以某种特产而出名＂。地名+be famous as表示＂以什么样的产地或地方而出名＂。
　　sth.+be famous for表示＂以其内容、特征、价值等被人所知＂。sth.+be famous as表示＂以某种形式而出名＂。
　　即时练习:
　　(1)einstein was famous________ a great scientist.
　　(2)einstein was famous________ his theory of relativity.
　　(3)the area is famous ________its green tea.
　　(4)the area is famous ________a green tea producing place.
　　(5)this grammar book is famous________ its practical usage.
　　(6)this book is famous ________a reference book.
　　答案:(1)as (2)for (3)for (4)as (5)for (6)as
　　诱思：实例点拨
　　【例1】 (XX辽宁模拟) do you have any idea________ is actually going on in the classroom?
　　a.that b.what c.as d.which
　　提示:填上what之后，形成一个名词性从句作idea的同位语。
　　答案:b
　　讲评:从句子的意思上来判断用词。
　　【例2】(XX广东模拟) years ago we didn’t know this,but recent science________ that people who don’t sleep well soon get ill.
　　a.showed b.will show
　　c.has shown d.is showing
　　提示:由于we didn’t know this与＂现代科技已经证明睡不好觉的人会生病＂相互对比，所以this即指后文的内容，用现在完成时表示对现在的影响。
　　答案:c
　　讲评:注意recent science表示的是最新的研究成果表明的现实问题。
　　【例3】 (XX江苏模拟) —don’t you think it necessary that he________ to miami but to new york?
　　—i agree,but the problem is________ he has refused to.
　　a.will not be sent;that b.not be sent;that
　　c.should not sent;what d.should not send;what
　　提示:在＂it is necessary that 从句＂句型中，从句谓语动词用should do的形式，should可以省略，由此可以排除a项；send与him之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，所以send应该用被动语态的形式，由此可以排除d项；从句意看，＂the problem is__________ be refused to＂是一个表语从句，意为＂问题时他已经拒绝了＂，由此可排除c项。
　　答案:b
　　讲评:本题考查点较多，既考查了虚拟语气，又考查了表语从句，可以先从一点入手，逐一解决。