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新目标九年级英语全册知识大盘点1

  unit1
  1. by + doing 通过……方式 如:by studying with a group
  by 还可以表示:"在…旁"、"靠近"、"在…期间"、"用、"
  "经过"、"乘车"等
  如:i live by the river. i have to go back by ten o’clock.
  the thief entered the room by the window.
  the student went to park by bus.
  2. talk about 谈论,议论,讨论 如:the students often talk about movie after class. 学生们常常在课后讨论电影。
  talk to sb. === talk with sb. 与某人说话
  3. 提建议的句子:
  ①what/ how about +doing sth.?
  如:what/ how about going shopping?
  ②why don’t you + do sth.? 如:why don’t you go shopping?
  ③why not + do sth. ? 如:why not go shopping?
  ④let’s + do sth. 如: let’s go shopping
  ⑤shall we/ i + do sth.? 如:shall we/ i go shopping?
  4. a lot 许多 常用于句末 如:i eat a lot. 我吃了许多。
  5. too…to 太…而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth.
  如:i’m too tired to say anything. 我太累了,什么都不想说。
  6. aloud, loud与loudly的用法
  三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。
  ①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,
  常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级
  形式。如: he read the story aloud to his son.
  他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。
  ②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk,
  laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如:
  she told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。
  ③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往
  含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如:
  he does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。
  7. not …at all 一点也不 根本不 如:
  i like milk very much. i don’t like coffee at all. 我非常喜欢牛奶。我一点也不喜欢咖啡。
  not经常可以和助动词结合在一起,at all 则放在句尾
  8. be / get excited about sth.=== be / get excited about doing sth.
  === be excited to do sth. 对…感兴奋 如:
  i am / get excited about going to beijing.===
  i am excited to go to beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。
  9. ① end up doing sth 终止做某事,结束做某事 如:
  the party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。
  ② end up with sth. 以…结束 如:
  the party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。
  10. first of all 首先
  . to begin with 一开始
  later on 后来、随
  11. also 也、而且(用于肯定句)常在句子的中间
  either 也(用于否定句)常在句末
  too 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末
  12. make mistakes 犯错 如:i often make mistakes. 我经常犯错。
  make a mistake 犯一个错误 如: i have made a mistake.
  我已经犯了一个错误。
  13. laugh at sb. 笑话;取笑(某人) 如:don’t laugh at me!
  不要取笑我!
  14. take notes 做笔记,做记录
  15. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做…乐意做… 如:
  she enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。
  enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如:he enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。
  16. native speaker 说本族语的人
  17. make up 组成、构成
  18. one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式 …其中之一
  如: she is one of the most popular teachers.
  她是最受欢迎的教师之一。
  19. it’s +形容词+(for sb. ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事…
  如:it’s difficult (for me ) to study english.
  对于我来说学习英语太难了。
  句中的it 是形式主语,真正的主语是to study english
  20. practice doing 练习做某事 如:
  she often practice speaking english. 她经常练习说英语。
  21. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 如:
  lilei has decided to go to beijing . 李雷已经决定去北京。
  22. unless 假如不,除非 引导条件状语从句
  如:you will fail unless you work hard..假如你不努力你会失败。
  i won’t write unless he writes first. 除非他先写要不我不写
  23. deal with 处理 如:i dealt with a lot of problem.
  24. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事
  如:mother worried about his son just now.
  妈妈刚才担心他的儿子。
  25. be angry with sb. 对某人生气 如:
  i was angry with her. 我对她生气。
  26. perhaps === maybe 也许
  27. go by (时间) 过去 如: two years went by. 两年过去了。
  28. see sb. / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生
  see sb. / sth. do 看见某人在做某事 如:
  如: she saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.
  她看见他正在教室里画画。
  29. each other 彼此
  30. regard… as … 把…看作为…. 如:
  the boys regarded anna as a fool. 这些男孩把安娜看成傻瓜。
  31. too many 许多 修饰可数名词 如:too many girls
  too much 许多 修饰不可数名词 如:too much milk
  much too 太  修饰形容词 如:much too beautiful
  32. change… into… 将…变为…
  如:the magician changed the pen into a book.
     这个魔术师将这本书变为一本书。
  33. with the help of sb. == with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
  如:with the help of lilei == with lilei’s help
  在李雷的帮助下
  34. compare … to … 把…与…相比
  如:compare you to anna, you are lucky.
  你和安娜相比,你是幸运的。
  35. instead 代替 用在句末,副词(字面上常不译出来)
  instead of sth. / doing sth. 代替,而不是 用在句中,动词
  如:last summer i went to beijing. this year i’m going to shanghai instead.去年夏天我去北京, 今年我将要去上海。
  i will go instead of you. 我将代替你去。
  he stayed at home instead of going swimming.
  他呆在家里而不是去游泳。
  unit2
  1. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事
  否定形式: didn’t use to do sth. / used not to do sth.
  如:he used to play football after school. 放学后他过去常常踢足球。
  did he use to play football? yes, i did. no, i didn’t.
  he didn’t use to smoke. 他过去不吸烟。
  2. 反意疑问句
   ①肯定陈述句 否定提问 如:lily is a student, isn’t she?
  lily will go to china, won’t she?
   ②否定陈述句 肯定提问 如:
  she doesn’t come from china, does she?
  you haven’t finished homework, have you?
  ③提问部分用代词而不用名词 lily is a student, isn’t she?
  ④陈述句中含有否定意义的词,如:little, few, never, nothing, hardly等。其反意疑问句用肯定式。 如:
  he knows little english, does he? 他一点也不懂英语,不是吗?
  they hardly understood it, did they?他们几乎不明白,不是吗?
  3. play the piano 弹钢琴
  4. ①be interested in sth. 对…感兴趣
  ②be interested in doing sth. 对做…感兴趣
  如:he is interested in math, but he isn’t interested in speaking
   english. 他对数学感兴趣,但是他对说英语不感兴趣。
  5. interested adj. 感兴趣的,指人对某事物感兴趣,往往主语是人
  interesting adj.有趣的,指某事物/某人具有趣味,主语往往是物
  6. still 仍然,还
  用在be 动词的后面 如:i’m still a student.
  用在行为动词的前面 如:i still love him.
  7. the dark 天黑,晚上,黑暗
  8. 害怕… be terrified of sth. 如:i am terrified of the dog.
  be terrified of doing sth. 如:i am terrified of speaking.
  9. on 副词,表示(电灯、电视、机械等)在运转中/打开,
  其反义词off.  with the light on 灯开着
  10. walk to somewhere 步行到某处 walk to school 步行到学校
  11. spend 动词,表示"花费金钱、时间"
  ①spend…on sth. 在某事上花费(金钱、时间)
  ②spend…doing sth. 花费(金钱、时间)去做某事 如:
  he spends too much time on clothes. 他花费太多的时间在衣着
  he spend 3 months building the bridge.他花费了三个月去建这座桥。
  pay for 花费
  如:i pay 10 yuan for the book. 我花了10元买这本书。
  12. take 动词 有"花费"的意思 常用的结构有:
  take sb. … to do sth. 如:it takes me a day to read the book.
  take … to do sth.
  13. chat with sb. 与某人闲聊 如:i like to chat with him.
  我喜欢和他聊天。
  14. worry about sb./ sth. 担心某人/某事 worry 是动词
   be worried about sb./sth. 担心某人/某事 worried 是形容词
  如:don’t worry about him. 不用担心他。
  mother is worried about her son. 妈妈担心他的儿子。
  15. all the time 一直、始终
  16. take sb. to + 地方 送/带某人去某个地方 如:
  a person took him to the hospital. 一个人把他送到了医院。
  lui took me home. 刘把我送回了家。(home 的前面不能用to)
  17. hardly adv. 几乎不、没有
  hardly ever 很少
  hardly 修饰动词时,通常放在助动词、情态动词之后,实义
  动词之前 助动词/情态动词 hardly
   hardly + 实义动词  如:
  i can hardly understand them. 我几乎不能够明白他们。
  i hardly have time to do it. 我几乎没有时间去做了。
  18. miss v. 思念、想念、 错过
  19. in the last few years. 在过去的几年内 常与完成时连用 如:
  i have lived in china in the last few years.
  在过去的几年内我在中国住。
  20. be different from 与…不同
  21. how to swim 怎样游泳
  不定式与疑问词连用:动词不定式可以和what, which, how, where, when 等引导的疑问句连用,构成不定工短语。如:
  the question is when to start. 问题是什么时候开始。
  i don’t know where to go. 我不知道去哪。
  22. make sb./ sth. + 形容词  make you happy
  make sb./ sth. + 动词原形 make him laugh
  23. move to +地方 搬到某地 如:i moved to beijing last year.
  24. it seems that +从句 看起来好像…… 如:
  it seems that he has changed a lot. 看起来他好像变了许多。
  25. help sb. with sth. 帮某人某事
  help sb. (to ) do sth. 帮某人做某事
  she helped me with english. 她帮助我学英语。
  she helped me (to) study english。 她帮助我学习英语。
  26. fifteen-year-old 作形容词 15岁的
  fifteen-year-olds 作名词指15岁的人
   fifteen years old 指年龄 15岁 如:
  a fifteen-year-old boy 一个15岁的男孩
  fifteen-year-olds like to sing. 15岁的人喜欢唱歌。
  i am fifteen years old . 我是15岁。
  27.支付不起…  can’t /couldn’t afford to do sth.
   can’t / couldn’t afford sth.
  如:i can’t/couldn’t afford to buy the car.
  i can’t/couldn’t afford the car. 我买不起这个辆小车。
  28. as + 形容词./副词 as sb. could/can 尽某人的…能力 如:
  zhou run as fast as her could/can. 她尽她最快的能力去跑。
  29. get into trouble with 遇到麻烦
  30. in the end 最后
  31. make a decision 下决定 下决心
  32. to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶 如:
  to their surprise 令他们惊讶 to lilei’s surprise令李雷惊讶
  33. take pride in sth. 以…而自豪 如:
  his father always take pride in him. 他的爸爸总是以他而自豪
  34. pay attention to sth. 对…注意,留心 如:
  you must pay attention to your friend. 你应该多注意你的朋友。
  35. be able to do sth. 能做某事 如:
  she is able to do it. 她能够做到。
  36. give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 如:
  my father has given up smoking. 我爸爸已经放弃吸烟了。
  37.不再 ①no more == no longer 如:
   i play tennis no more/ longer.我不再打网球。
  ②not …any more == not …any longer 如:
  i don’t play tennis any more/longer. 我不再打网球。
  38. go to sleep 入睡
  unit3
  1.语态:
  ①英语有两种语态:主动语态和补动语态
  主动语态表示是动作的执行者
  被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者
   cats  eat  fish.    (主动语态)猫吃鱼。
   fish is eaten by cats. (被动语态)鱼被猫吃。
  ②被动语态的构成
  由"助动词be  及物动词的过去分词"构成
  助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化,其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。
  时态被动语态结构例句
  一般现在 时am
  are +过去分词
  is english is spoken in many countries.
  一般过去 时was +过去分词
  were + 过去分词this bridge was built in 1989.
  情 态
  动 词can/should
  may +be+过去分词
  must/……the work must be done right now.
  ③被动语态的用法
  当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者,或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者,或者只需强调动作的承受者时,要用被动语态。
  2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事(主动语态)如:
   mother allows me to watch tv every night. 妈妈允许我每晚看电视。
  be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事(被动语态)如:
  lily is allowed to go to qinzhou. 莉莉被允许去钦州。
  3. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞
  让/使(别人)做某事  get sth. done(过去分词)
   have sth. done 如:
  i get my car made. == i have my car made. 我让别人修好我的车
  4. enough 足够
  形容词 enough 如:beautiful enough 足够漂亮
  enough 名词 如:enough food 足够食物
  enough to  足够…去做… 如:
  i have enough money to go to beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。
  she is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。
  5. stop doing sth. 停止做某事 please stop speaking.请停止说话。
  stop to do sth. 停止下来去做某事 please stop to speak.
  请停下来说话。
  6. 看起来好像…sb. seem to do sth. = it seems that +从句
  he seems to feel very sad.
  it seems that he feels very sad. 他看起来好像很伤心。
  7. 系动词不能独立作谓语,要和表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有:look, feel, be, become, get, turn, smell, taste, stay(保持), kept等。连系动词除be 和become 等少数词可接名词作表语外,一般都是接形容词。 如:
  they are very happy. he became a doctor two years ago. she felt very tired.
  8. 倒装句:
  由so 助动词(be/do/will/have)/情态动词 主语 意为:…也是一样
  she is a student. so am i. 她是一个学生,我也是。
  she went to school just now. so did i . 她刚才去学校了,我也是
  she has finished the work. so have i . 她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。
  she will go to school. so will he. 她将去学校,他也是。
  9. yet 仍然,还 常用在否定句或疑问句当中
  10. stay up 熬夜如:i often stay up until 12:00pm.我经常熬夜到12点。
  11. clean up 打扫 整理 如:
  i have cleaned up the bedroom. 我已经打扫完了卧室。
  12. 程度副词:
  always总是 usually经常 sometimes有时 never从不
  如:i am always/usually/sometimes/never late for school.
  我总是/经常/有时/从不上学迟到。
  13. 曾经做某事:
  do you ever get to school late? yes, i do. no, i don’t.
  have you ever got to school late? yes, i have. no, i haven’t.
  14. go shopping(去购物), go fishing(去钓鱼), go swimming(去游泳), go boating(去划船), go hiking(去登山), go trekking(去徒步)
  15. be strict with sb. 对某人严厉 如:
  mother is strict with her son. 妈妈对她的儿子很严厉。
  16. take the test 参加考试
  pass the test 通过考试
  fail a test 考试失败
  17. the other day 前几天
  18. agree 同意 反义词 disagree不同意 动词
  agreement 同意 反义词 disagreement 不同意 名词
  18. keep sb/ sth.  形容词 使某人/某物保持…. 如:
  we should keep our city clean.我们应该保持我们的城市干净。
  19. both…and… +动词复数形式
  如: both jim and li ming play bastketball.
  20. learn (sth.) from sb. 向谁学习(什么) 如:
  jim learnt english from his english teacher. 吉姆向他的英语老师学习英语
  21. have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事
  have a chance of doing sth. 有机会做某事
  如:i have an opportunity to go to beijing. i have a chance of going to beijing.
  22. at present 目前
  23. at least 最少 at most 最多
  24. 花费 take ,cost, spend , pay
  sth. take (sb.) time to do sth. it took (me) 10days to read the book.
  sth. cost (sb.) …… the book cost (me) 100yuan.
  sb. spend … on sth. she spent 10days on this book.
  sb. spend …doing sth. she spent 10days reading this book.
  sb. pay … for sth. she paid 10yuan for this book.
  25. have +时间段+off 放假,休息 如:have 2 days off
  26. reply to 答复某人 如:she replayed to mrgreen.
  27. agree with sth. 同意某事 如:i agree with that idea.
  agree to sb. 同意某人的意见 如:i agree to lilei.
  28. get in the way of 碍事,妨碍 如:
  her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。
  29. success n. succeed v. successful adj. successfully adv.
  30. think about 与think of 的区别
  ①当两者译为: 认为、想起、记着时,两者可互用
  i often think about/ of that day. 我经常想起那天。
  ②think about 还有"考虑"之意 ,think of 想到、想出时两者不能互用
  at last, he thought of a good idea. 最后他想出了一个好主意。
  we are thinking about going qinzhou. 我们正在考虑去钦州。
  31. 对… 热衷, 对…兴趣
  be serious about doing 如:she is serious about dancing. 她对跳舞热衷。
  be serious about sth. 如:she is serious about him. 她对他感兴趣。
  32. practice doing 练习做某事 she often practice speaking english.
  33. care about sb. 关心某人 如:mother often care about her son.
  34. also 也 用于句中
  either也 用于否定句且用于句末
  too 也 用于肯定句且用于句末
  i am also a student. 我也是一个学生
  i am a student too. 我也是一个学生。
  i am not a student either. 我也不是一个学生。
  unit4
  1. if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句 即 虚拟语气
  通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态
  所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气,虚拟语气表示说话人所说的
  话不是事实,而是一种祝愿,建议或是与事实相反的假设等。
  if 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句,非真实条件
  句应用虚拟语气。如果要表示与现在或将来事实相反时,其虚拟语气结构为:
  句 型条件从句主 句
  谓语动词形式动词过去式(be动词用were)would+动词原形
  即:(从句)if +主语+动词过去式(be 动词用were), 一般过去时
  (主句) 主语+would+动词原形 过去将来时
  如:if i had time, i would go for a walk.
  如果我有时间,我就会去散步。(事实上我现在没有时间)
  if i were you, i would take an umbrella.
  假如我是你的话,我会带上雨伞。(事实上我不是你)
  i would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie. 假如有人请我当电影演员,我会表示拒绝。(事实上瑞没有人请我当电影演员)
  2. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 i pretended to sleep just now.
  pretend +从句 假装… i pretended that i fell asleep.
  3. be late for 迟到 如:
  i am late for work/ school/ class/ party.
  4. a few 与 a little 的区别,few 与 little 的区别
  ⑴ a few 一些 修饰可数名词
  a little 一些 修饰不可数名词 两者表肯定意义
  如:he has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。
  there is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。
  ⑵ few 少数的 修饰可数名词
  little 少数的 修饰不可数名词 但两者表否定意义
  如:he has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。
  there is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。
  5. still 仍然,还 用在be动词之后,行为动词之前 如:
  i am still a student.我仍然是个学生 i still love him.我仍然爱他。
  6. hundred, thousand , million, billion (十亿)词前面有数词或several
  一词时要不能加s ,反之,则要加s 并与of 连用, 表示数量很
  多 如:several hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion people
  几百/千/百万/十亿人 hundreds of trees 上百棵树
  7. what if + 从句 如果…怎么办 , 要是… 又怎么样 如:
  what if she doesn’t come? 要是她不来怎么办?
  what if lilei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎么办?
  8. add sth. to sth. 添加…到… 如: i added some sugar to water. 我把糖添加到水里。
  9. 系动词与形容词连用 get nervous 变得紧张
  feel shy 觉得害羞 look friendly 看起来友好
  10. too +形/副+to do sth. 太…而不能 如:
  i’m too tired to stand. 我太累了而不能站。
  11. help with sth. 如:they help with this problem.
  help sb. do. 如:they help you relax. 他们帮助你放松
  12. in public 在公共场所 如:
  don’t smoke in public. 请不要在公共场所吸烟。
  13. energetic adj. 活力的 如:she is a energetic girl. 她是一个活力的女孩。
  energy n. 活力 如:she has lots of energies. 她有活力。
  14. ask sb. to do 叫…做某事
  ask sb. not to do sth.叫…不要做某事
  tell sb. to do 告诉…做某事
  tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉…不要做某事
  如:teacher asked me to clean the classroom.
  teacher asked me not to clean the classroom.
  15. start doing == start to do. 开始做某事 如:
  he started speaking/ to speak. 他开始说话。
  16. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借来某物 如:
  i borrowed a book from lily. 我从莉莉那里借来一本书。
  17.wait for sb.等某人 如:i am wait for him. 我正在等他。
  18. introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人 如:
  i introduced lily to anna. 我把莉莉介绍给安娜。
  19. invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事 如:
  lily invited me to go to her home for supper. 莉莉邀请我去她家吃晚饭。
  20. have dinner/ supper 吃晚饭
  have lunch/ breakfast 吃午餐、吃早餐
  21. plenty of 修饰不可数名词,也可以修饰可数名词 许多 如:
  they have plenty of food/ apples. 他们有许多的食物/苹果。
  22. 给某人某物 give sth. to sb. 如: give an apple to me
  give sb. sth. give me an apple 给我一个苹果
  23. get along with sb. 与…相处 如:
  do you get along well with your friends? 你和你的朋友相处得好吗?
  24. would rather do sth. than do sth. 表示愿做某事而不愿做某事 如:
  i would rather walk than run.
  25. whole 整个 26. in fact 事实上
  27. let sb. down 让某人失望 如:
  don’t let your mother down. 不要让你的妈妈失望。
  28. come up with sth. 提出 想出 如:he came up with a good idea. 他提出了一个好主意。
  catch up with sb. 追上 赶上 如: lily caught up with anna. 莉莉赶上了安娜。
  29. have experience doing 在做某事有经验 如:
  i have experience teaching chinese. 我在教英语方面有经验。
  30. come out 出版,出来 如:the magazine comes out once a week. 这种杂志每周出一次。
  31. by accident 偶然地,无意之中 如:
  last week i cut my finger by accident. 上个星期我不小心割到自己的手指。
  32. hurry to do 匆忙… i hurry to call the police. 33. more than 超过
  34. offer sb. sth. 给某人提供某物
  宾语从句 宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。
  由连接词+ 主语+ 谓语 构成
  常由下面的一些词引导:
  ㈠由that 引导 表示陈述意义 that 可省略
  he says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里。
  ㈡由if , whether 引导 表示 一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等)
  i don’t know if / whether wei hua likes fish.
  我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。
  ㈢由 连接代词、连接副词(疑问词) 引导 表示特殊疑问意义
  do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗?
  ㈣从句时态要与主句一致
  当主句是一般现在时,从句根据情况使用任何时态
  he says (that ) he is at home. 他说他在家里。
  i don’t know (that) she is singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。
  she wants to know if i have finished my homework.
  她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。
  do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来?
  当主句是一般过去时,从句应使用过去某时态(一般过去时,
  过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)
  he said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家里。
  i didn’t know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。
  she wanted to know if i had finished m homework.
  她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。
  did you know when he would be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来?
  unit5
  现在完成时态
  ⑴由have/ has   过去分词
  ⑵表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果
  常与already, just , yet , ever, never 连用
  have you finished your work yet?你完成了你的工作了吗?
  yes, i have. i have just finished it. 是的。我刚刚完成了。
  i have already finished it . 我已经完成了。
  have you ever been to china? 你曾经去过中国吗?
  no, i have never been there. 没有,我从来也没有去过。
  ⑶①表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作 或状态和表示过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括现在在内)的一段时间的状态连用如:(for + 时间段,since + 时间点,或过去某一动作, 以及how long )
  ②注: 非延续性动词在现在完成 时态中不能和for, since 引导的表示一段时间的状语的肯定句连用。
  应转为相应的延续性动词 如:buy---- have die---- be dead join ---- be in
  borrow----- keep leave---- be away
  i have bought a pen.------ i have had a pen for 2 weeks.
  the dog has died.------- the dog has been dead since last week.
  ⑷①have (has) been to + 地点 去过某地 已经回来
  ②have (has) gone to + 地点 去了某地 没有回来
  ③have been in + 地点 一直呆在某地 没有离开过 如:
  she has been to shanghai. 她去过上海。(已经回来)
  she has gone to shanghai. 她去了上海。(没有回来)
  she has been in shanghai for 2 days.她呆上海两天了。(没有离开过上海)
  1.情态动词must, may , might, could, may , can’t表示推测含义与用法后面都接动词原形,都可以表示对现在情况的揣测和推断但他们含义有所不同
  must 一定 肯定 (100%的可能性)
  may, might, could有可能,也许 (20%-80%的可能性)
   can’t 不可能,不会 (可能性几乎为零)
   the dictionary must be mine. it has my name on it.
  the cd might/could/may belong to tony because
  he likes listening to pop music.
  the hair band can’t be bob’s. after all, he is boy!
  2. whose 谁的 疑问词 作定语 后面接名词
  如:whose book is this? this is lily’s.
  3. belong to 属于 如: that english book belongs to me.
  4. 当play 指弹奏乐器时,常在乐器前用定冠词 如:
  play the guitar play the piano play the violin
  当play 指进行球类运动时,则不用定冠词 如:
   play football play basketball play baseball
  5. if引导的条件状语从句,主句用一般将来时,
  从句用一般现在时代替将来时 如:
  if you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late.如果你不快点,你将会迟到
  6. if you have any idea== if you know 如果你知道
  7. on 关于(学术,科目)
  8. try to do sth. 尝试做某事 如:  i try to climb the tree. 我尝试爬树。
  9. because of , because
  because of + 名词/代词/名词性短语
  because + 从句  如:  i do it because i like it. 我做这件事是因为我喜欢。
  i had to move because of my job. 因为工作的原因我得搬家。
  10. own v.-owner n. listen v.-listener n. learn v.-learner n.
  11. catch a bus 赶公车
  12. neighbor 邻居 指人
  neighborhood 邻居 指地区也可指附近地区的人
  13. local 当地的 如:local teacher 当地的教师
  14. noise n. 噪音 是个可数名词 noises
  15. call the police 报警 如:quick! call the police! 快!叫警察!
  16. anything strange 一些奇怪的东西
  当形容词修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词时,放在这些词的后面
  17. there be sb./ sth. doing 如:  there is a cat eating fish.
  there must be something visiting our home.
  18. escape from …从哪里逃跑出来 如:
  he escaped from the burning building. 他从燃烧的大概中逃出来。
  19. an ocean of + 名词 极多的,用不尽的 如:an ocean of energy.
  20. unhappy 不高兴的 反义词 happy 高兴的
  21. final adj. 最后的 finally adv. 最后地
  22. dishonest 不诚实的 反义词 honest 诚实的。
  23. get on 上车 get off 下车
  24. use up 用光、用完 如:they have used up all the money. 他们已经用完了所有的钱。
  25. attempt to do 试图 如:
  the boys attempted to leave for beijing. 男孩子们试图想去北京。
  26. wake 动词 唤醒 常用的词组:wake up 意为醒来 如:
  please wake me up at 8 o’clock. 请在8点钟叫醒我。
  27. look for 寻找 指过程
  find 找 指结果  如:
  i am looking for a pen. 我正在找一支笔。(指找的过程)
  i found my pen just now. 我刚刚找到了我的笔。(指找的结果)
  28. hear 听 指听的结果
  listen 听 指听的过程 如:
  did you hear ? 你听到了吗?(指听的结果,听或没听到)
  i often listen to the music. 我经常听音乐。(指听的过程)
  29. try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人的最大努力去做某事 如:
  he tried his best to run. 他尽他的最大努力去跑。
  30. 名词所有格   名词所有格的构成有两种形式
  ①是在名词后面加 ’s 或是以s结尾 的名词,只在名词的后面加 ’
  如:ann’s book 安的书, our teachers’ office我们老师们的办公室
  注:双方共有的所有格,只在后面一个名词加’s, 如:
  lily and lucy’s father 莉莉和露西的爸爸(她们的爸爸是同一个人)
  ②有…of …介词短语表示无生命东西的所有格 如:
   a picture of my family 我家人的相片
  有时也有’s表示无生命的东西的所有格 如:
  today’s newspaper,  the city’s name
  unit 6
  定语从句 参看课本p143
  1. prefer动词 更喜欢 宁愿
  prefer sth. 更喜欢某事 i prefer english. 我更喜欢英语。
  prefer doing/ to do 宁愿做某事 i prefer sitting/ to sit.我宁愿坐着。
  prefer sth to sth. 同…相比更喜欢… i prefer dogs to cats.
  与猫相比我更喜欢狗。
  prefer doing to doing 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
  i prefer walking to sitting. 我宁愿走路也不愿坐着。
  2. along with 伴随… 同… 一道
  i will go along with you. 我同你一道去。
  i sing along with music. 我伴随着音乐唱歌。
  3. dance to sth. 随着…跳舞
  she likes dancing to the music. 她喜欢随着音乐而跳舞。
  4. different kinds of 各种各样different kinds of clothes 各种各样的衣服
  5. music n. 音乐 musician n. 音乐家 musical
  6. take … to … 带…去…. 如:
  my father often takes me to the park. 我的爸爸经常带我去公园。
  please take this box to my office. 请拿这个盒子到我的办公室。
  7. remind sb. of sb./sth. 提醒 使…记起….
  this song reminds him of his mother. 这首歌使他记起了他的妈妈。
  8. clear adj. 清楚的,清澈的 clearly adv. 清楚地
  9. be important to sb. 对…重要
  be important for sb. to do. 做某事对某人很重要
  10. unfortunately adv. 不幸运地 fortunately adv. 幸运地
  11. look for 寻找
  my pen is lost. could you help me look for it?
  我的笔丢了。你能帮我找一下吗?
  12. though == although 作连词 虽然,尽管
  放在句子中间/句首,不能和but 连用
  though it was very late, he went on working. 虽然很晚了,但他还在工作
  mr. smith , though he was young, did it very well.
  史密斯先生虽然年轻,却做得很好。
  13. fun n. 有趣 funny adj. 有趣的
  14. be sure to do 一定做某事 肯定做某事 如:
  it is sure to snow. 肯定要下雪 be sure not to forget it. 千万不要忘记呀!
  15. known adj. 有名的 著名的 know v. 知道 认识
  16. on display 展览
  17. over the years 很多年来,常与现在完成时连用如:
  over the years, they’ve planted many trees on the hills. 多年来他们已在山上种植了许多树。
  18. energy n. 活力 energetic adj. 有活力的
  19. most of … …的大多数
  20. keep healthy 保持健康
  21. get together 聚在一起
  22. discuss v. 讨论 discussion n. 讨论
  23. be bad for sth. 对…有坏处的
  be bad for doing sth. 做…有坏处
  24. for example 例如
  25. take care of === look after 照顾 关心 如:
  she often takes care of / looks after her son.
  26. stay away from 远离… 如:
  stay away from me , i have a cold. 请远离我,我得了感冒
  27. to be honest 老实说 如:
  to be honest i really like flowers. 老实说我真的很喜欢花。
  28. dislike 不喜欢 反义词 like 喜欢
  29. fisherman 渔夫 复数形式 fishermen
  30. photography n. 摄影 photograph n. 照片 相片
  photographer n. 摄影师
  31. be in agreement 意见一致 常与介词on /about连用如:
  they are in agreement on that question. 他们对那个问题意见一致。
  32. even if 甚至
  33. mainly adv. 主要地 首要地 main adj. 主要的
  unit 7
  1. tired 累的 tiring 令人疲惫的
  bored 讨厌 boring 令人厌烦/讨厌的
  excited 兴奋的 exciting 令人兴奋/激动的
  amazed 惊讶的 amazing 令人惊讶的
  2. education n. 教育 educational 有教育意义的
  3. 想要做…:would like to do 想要…:would like sth.
  常用的句型有:
  what would you like to do? 你想要做什么?
  i would like to visit guilin. 我想去参观桂林。
  what would you like ? 你想要什么?
  i would like some tea. 我想来些茶。
  would you like to go to my party? 你来不来参加我的晚会?(表邀请) yes, i’d love/ like to . no, thanks.
  would you like some tea or coffee? 你是要点茶还是咖啡?
  yes, i’d love/ like. no. thanks.
  where would you like to visit/ go? 你想去哪呢?(本单元的重点句型)
  4. go on vacation 去度假
  go on a trip 去旅行 go on a picnic 去野炊
  5. hope to do 希望做某事 i hope to go to beijing. 我希望去北京。
  hope (that) + 从句 希望….
  i hope that i can go to beijing.我希望我能去北京。
  i hope (that) she can pass the test.我希望她能通过考试。
  6. i love places where the people are friendly. 我喜欢人们友好的地方。
  where 关系副词,引导定语从句
  where引导定语从句修饰表示地点的先行词如:the place, the city等
  that is the school where i studied 10 years ago.
  那就是我XX年前所就读的学校。
  7. 不定代词 参看课本p141
  注:形容词必须放在不定代词、不定副词的后面
  8. consider doing考虑做某事
  i am considering changing my job. 我正在考虑换工作。
  9. cost (sb.) 钱、时间 the book cost me 10 yuan 这本书花了我10元。
  10. in general 一般来说, 大体上, 通常
  11. be supposed to do 应该做…. === should 如:
  scientists are supposed to know a lot. 科学家们应该知道更多。
  12. take a trip 去旅行
  13. provide sb. with sth 供应某人某物=== provide sth for sb.
  如:they provide us with water.
  they provide water for us.
  14. how far 问路程 多远
  how old 问年龄 多少岁
  how long 问时间 多久 多长
  how often 问频率 多久一次
  15. be away 离开 如:  i was away 2days ago. 我两天前离开了。
  i will be away for a few days. 我将离开一些天。
  16. inexpensive adj. 不贵的 反义词 expensive adj. 贵的
  17.  let sb. do 让某人做某事 let me help you.让我帮你吧。
  let sb. not do 让某人不要做某let us not laugh. 让我们不要笑了。
  18. in the future 将来
  she will a good mother in the future. 在将来她将会是一个好妈妈。
  19. 用to 表示 "的"有:
  answers to question 问题的答案  the key to the door 这扇门的钥匙
  20. as soon as possible 尽可能的快
  21. continue doing == go on doing 继续做某事 如:
  she continued singing. == she went on singing. 她继续唱歌。
  22. according to 根据
  23. be willing to do 愿意做某事 如:
  i am willing to help you. 我愿意帮你。
  24. on the other hands 另一方面
  25. hold on to sth. 保持,不要放弃
  please hold on to my hand. 不要放开我的手。
  26. come true 实现 如: my dream have come true. 我的梦实现了。

诉衷情说课稿一说教材(一)教材解析及地位。诉衷情是义务教育课程标准实验教科书小学语文六年级上册第六板块的第二课。第六板块的主题是抒怀。陆游在诉衷情这首词中抒发了强烈的爱国主义情感以及壮志难酬的五年级足球脚内侧传球教学设计方案一指导思想本课以健康第一的指导思想,以学生的心理活动为导向,面向全体学生,做到人人享有体育,人人都有进步,人人拥有健康,全面提高学生的身体素质和心理素质水平。通过课堂教学,培养学生人教版四年级桂林山水说课稿说教材桂林山水是省编义务教育五年制小学语文第九册第四单元中的第2课。课文描绘了桂林山水的旖旎风光,赞美了祖国的锦绣河山表达了作者热爱祖国的思想感情。课文按先总说后分述再综合的顺序分制作图文并茂的电子板报的说课稿一紧扣特点说教材选用教材初级中学信息技术教材重庆大学第四版八年级上。教材特点专题编排为主,强调集团性趣味性。本节教材整合了语文美术等诸学科元素。本节教材使学生进一步认识文字处理软件电能的说课稿一教学内容本节教材是围绕电能这个概念展开的。课文开始既用两幅组合图,从供电和用电两方面展现了电能与我们生活息息相关。接着介绍了电能的单位及计量电能的仪表电能表,最后引出电功的概念。暖流说课稿参考各位尊敬的评委老师大家上午好!大家辛苦了!我是语文组??号,我今天说课的题目是(板书暖流),下面我将从说教材说教法和学法说教学过程说板书设计等四个方面来对本课作具体的阐述。一说教材认识小数说课稿课件小数是数学学习中的一个关键知识点。下面认识小数说课稿课件是小编想跟大家分享的,欢迎大家浏览。一说教材1教学内容六年制小学数学第八册P100例12。2。教材所处的地位小数的性质是一节巧妙搭配教学设计温州市蒲鞋市小学洪细苗备注本课例转自温州市城乡共话素质教育新课程课堂教学展示活动教学内容人教版义务教育课程标准实验教科书三年级上册p112113数学广角教材分析数学广角是人教版义务巧妙结合Letsdo,巩固单词记忆效果四年级学生的特征就是爱玩,爱表现自己,TPR活动深受儿童喜爱。节奏和动作能刺激大脑皮层,激活记忆,使学生在对各指令的反应中自然习得语言。教学参考中将Letsdo单独设计了一个教学环巧妙地将流行音乐引入课堂要想学生上课既守纪律又能完成教学任务,还必须了解学生他们的兴趣与爱好,掌握其心理特征,这就要求我们不断接受新事物,了解他们的兴趣,才能与其进行情感的交流与沟通。这样与学生近了,学生关于化学教学中巧妙设疑的建议学起源于思,思源于疑。化学教学中巧妙地设疑不仅有利于激发学生学习的兴趣,增强他们的求知欲,而且有助于培养他们的探索精神和思维能力。问题就在于化学教学中如何巧妙设疑呢?对此,建议如下
云南的歌会的教学设计教学目的1。分析本文结构,理解散文特点。2。感知文章内容,体会云南少数民族的歌会习俗。3。掌握本文的词语。教学重点难点散文特点结构。以读讲探讨方式围绕课文内容和结构展开。教学时数二多彩的树叶教学设计教学目标1仔细观察多种叶子,认识不同造型不同色彩的叶子。2根据记忆创造想象画出各种形态各种色彩多彩的树叶的叶子。3通过学生记忆创造想象能力的培养,多彩的树叶使学生丰富彩色知识,增强我们长大了展览会课后教学反思我们长大了展览会是品德与生活一年级下册第四单元主题活动二的内容,主要教学活动目标是1通过教学活动,使学生感知自己一年中在身体发育方面知识能力方面等的变化,并试着用不同的方法记录自己免疫调节教学反思三篇篇一免疫调节教学反思刚讲完2个课时的新课和两个课时的习题。帮助一个老师带了他的2个班的第一课时的内容。还是那句话,讲得最好的总是倒数第二遍。熟能生巧,用传统方式讲授新授课,我个人认高二物理教育教学反思所谓教学反思,是指教师对教育教学实践的再认识再思考,并以此来总结经验教训,进一步提高教育教学水平。教学反思一直以来是教师提高个人业务水平的一种有效手段,教育上有成就的大家一直非常重Unitampnbsp3ampnbspHoobies第一课时ampnbspampnbspunit3hoobies第一课时教材类型所属学科英语gtgt5b(五下)教案内容一教学内容牛津小学英语5bunit3hobbies(第一课时)二教学目标1能正确地理解掌握对话内容,5BUnit1教学方案(第一课时)第一部分简要提示一年级五年级二单元unit1三课题anewterm四课型新授课五教学内容单元parta六教学目标1。掌握单词词组subject,chinese,maths,sciepep小学英语第六册第三单元第六课时一教学目标1能够听说读写四会句子whatsthedate?june9th。isherbirthdayinjune?yes。2能够听说认读readandwrite部分的对话,能回答对Unit2Mydaysoftheweek(A)第二课时教案一教学内容与分析1教学内容aletschantletstryletstalk2教学目标a能够听说读单词monday,tuesday,wednesday,thursday,frida语文三顾茅庐第一课时教学设计文本解读三顾茅庐是则脍炙人口的历史典故,孩子们或许早有所闻故事梗概但这仅仅是从情节上来看。如果从语言文字的角度来看,可能我们的孩子会有此明彼暗的现象,也就是情节清晰,语言模糊。其次Thefifthperiod(第五课时)Thefifthperiod(第五课时)一教学内容5b。unit6e,f,g,h部分。1复习人体部位名称,以及体育课上的动作词组,d。e部分2复习祈使句3复习现在进行时二教学目标1