高一人教版必修1英语全册教学案及答案1

　　必修一
　　unit 1 friendship
　　单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
　　词汇
　　部分词语
　　辨析1. ignore / neglect / overlook
　　2. cheat / fool
　　3. calm / quiet / silent / still
　　4. join / join in / take part in / attend
　　词形
　　变化1. ignore vt. 忽视ignorance n. 无知ignorant adj.无知的
　　2. dusk n. 黄昏; 傍晚dusky adj.昏暗的; 黑暗的
　　3. add v. 添加; 增加addition n. 加, 附加additional adj. 添加的;附加的
　　重点
　　单词1. upset adj. 心烦意乱的，不安的；不适的 vt. (upset, upset)
　　2. concern v. 担忧; 涉及; 关系到 n. 担心，关注；（利害）关系
　　3. settle vt. 安家； 定居；停留vt. 使定居，安家；解决
　　4. suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历
　　5. disagree vt. 不同意
　　重点
　　词组1.add up合计
　　2.go through 经历；经受
　　3.on purpose 故意
　　4.get along with 与某人相处；(工作的) 进展
　　5.in order to 为了……
　　重点句子1. mother asked her if / whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.
　　2. i don’t set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do …
　　3. … it was the first time in a year and a half that i’d seen the night face to face.
　　重点语法直接引语和间接引语 （见语法部分）
　　语言要点(模块)
　　ⅰ.词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
　　1. ignore / neglect / overlook
　　【解释】
　　ignore 通常指有意不顾，或不理会显而易见的事物。
　　neglect 侧重指有意的忽略或忽视，也可指粗心与疏忽。
　　overlook 指因匆忙而疏忽或视而不见。
　　【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
　　1we could not afford to _________ such a serious offence.
　　2). he utterly ________ my warnings and met with an accident.
　　3). don’t ________ paying him a visit now and then.
　　答案: 1). overlooked2). ignored 3). neglect
　　2. cheat / fool
　　【解释】
　　cheat 主要指盈利的买卖中或游戏竞赛中欺骗人，骗取人的钱等。
　　fool ＂愚弄＂，指利用人缺乏常识，心理脆弱来欺骗人。
　　【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
　　1). you may get _________ in that shop.
　　2). he can’t __________ her. she sees through him every time.
　　答案:1). cheated2). fool
　　3. calm / quiet / silent / still
　　【解释】
　　calm 天气、水、水面（表风平浪静）；（指人时）表示镇定自如。
　　quiet 表＂宁静＂、＂安静＂、＂寂静＂，侧重没有响声，没有噪音和没有动静。指人时侧重性格温和，文静。
　　silent 表＂沉默＂、＂不发言＂、＂不说话＂，常常表示人不爱说话，沉默无语。
　　still ＂不动的＂，指人时侧重一动不动，；指物时指完全没有声音，突出静止不动。
　　【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
　　1). please stand __________ while i take your photo.
　　2). why do you keep __________?
　　3). everything was ___________.
　　4). he remained ___________ in the face of the enemy.
　　答案: 1). still2). silent3). quiet4). calm
　　4. join / join in / take part in / attend
　　【解释】
　　join 表示参加组织、党派、团体、军队、俱乐部等
　　join in 表示参加游戏、活动等；join sb. (in sth.) 表（和某人一起）做某事
　　take part in表示参与、参加讨论、游行、比赛、战斗、斗争、运动、庆祝等
　　attend 主要指出席、参加会议、婚礼；听讲座、课、报告、音乐会等；上学、教堂
　　【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空
　　1). can i ___________ the game?
　　2). did you ____________ the fighting?
　　3). he __________ the army last year.
　　4). a lot of people __________ her wedding.
　　答案: 1). join in2). take part in3). joined 4）attended
　　ⅱ.词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）
　　1. ignore vt. 忽视ignorance n. 无知ignorant adj.无知的
　　2. dusk n. 黄昏; 傍晚dusky. adj.昏暗的; 黑暗的
　　3. add v. 添加; 增加addition n. 加, 附加additional adj. 添加的;附加的
　　【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空
　　1) i can＂t __________ his rudeness any longer. (ignore)
　　2) to say you were ________ of the rules is no excuse. ( ignore)
　　3）we are in complete ___________ of your plans. (ignore)
　　4）there is ____________ light inside the cave. (dusk)
　　5）the street lights come on at ____________ and go off at dawn. (dusk)
　　6）many words have been ____________ to this edition of the dictionary. (add)
　　7) they＂ve just had an ____________ to the family. (add)
　　8) there are _____________ charges. (add)
　　答案: 1) ignore2)ignorant3) ignorance4) dusky
　　5) dusk6) added7) addition8) additional
　　ⅲ.重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
　　1. upset adj. 心烦意乱的，不安的；不适的 vt. (upset, upset)
　　[典例]
　　1). our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit. 她一来把我们周末的安排给打乱了。
　　2). don＂t upset yourself -- no harm has been done. 不要难过--并没有造成伤害。
　　3). he was horribly upset over her illness. 他为她的病而忧心忡忡。
　　4). the students really upset her. 学生们着实让她烦恼。
　　[重点用法]
　　be upset by… 被…… 打乱
　　upset oneself about sth 为某事烦恼
　　[练习] 用upset的适当形式填空
　　1). is it ______ you, dear?
　　2). she felt rather ______ on hearing the news.
　　3). is it an ______ message?
　　4). don’t be ______. it will be ok.
　　答案: 1). upsetting2). upset3). upsetting4).upset
　　2. concern v. 担忧; 涉及; 关系到 n. 担心，关注；（利害）关系
　　[典例]
　　1). the news concerns your brother. 这消息与你兄弟有关。
　　2). the boy＂s poor health concerned his parents. 那男孩健康状况不佳,使他的父母亲忧虑。
　　3). that＂s no concern of mine. 那不关我的事。
　　[重点用法]
　　as / so far as … be concerned 关于；至于；就……而言
　　be concerned about 关心
　　be concerned at / over sth. 为某事忧虑
　　be concerned in sth. 牵涉到，与……有关，参与
　　[练习] 用concern的适当形式填空
　　1). there is an article that _______ the rise of the prices.
　　2). the children are rather _____ about their mother’s health.
　　3). officials should ______ themselves _______ public affairs.
　　答案: 1). concerns 2). concerned 3). concern … with
　　3. settle vt. 安家；定居；停留
　　vt. 使定居，安家；解决
　　[典例]
　　1). he settled his child in a corner of the compartment. 他把孩子安顿在车厢的一个角落里。
　　2). the family has settled in canada. 这家人已定居加拿大。
　　3). both wanted to settle their scores. 双方都愿意捐弃前嫌。
　　[重点用法]
　　settle down 镇定下来 settle in 在…定居
　　[练习] 中译英
　　1). 都十一点了，她安不下心来工作。
　　______________________________________________________________________________________
　　2). 题目这么难，谁能解决？
　　______________________________________________________________________________________
　　答案: 1). it’s eleven o’clock now, but she cannot settle to work.
　　2). since it is so difficult, who can settle this problem?
　　4. suffer vt.& vi.遭受；忍受；经历
　　[典例]
　　1). do you suffer from headaches? 你常头痛吗?
　　2). she＂s suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遗忘症。
　　[重点用法]
　　suffer from/with/for sth 感到疼痛﹑ 不适﹑ 悲伤等; 受苦; 吃苦头:
　　[练习] 中译英
　　1).我们在金融危机中损失惨重。
　　______________________________________________________________________________________
　　2).他的脚痛得不得了。
　　______________________________________________________________________________________
　　答案: 1). we suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.
　　2). he suffers terribly with his feet.
　　5. disagree vt. 不同意
　　[典例]
　　1). even friends sometimes disagree with each other. 即便是朋友也有时意见不一。
　　2). we disagreed on future plans. 我们对未来的计划产生了分歧。
　　[重点用法]
　　disagree with sb/what sb says/sb＂s decision 不同意某人的观点[某人的话/某人的决定]
　　[练习] 中译英
　　1). 罗马的报道与米兰的不符。
　　______________________________________________________________________________________
　　2). 他不同意让我早些回家。
　　______________________________________________________________________________________
　　key: 1). the reports from rome disagree with those from milan.
　　2). he disagreed to let me go home early.
　　ⅳ.重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）
　　1. add up 加起来
　　[典例]
　　1). add up your scores and see how many points you can get.
　　把你的得分加起来，看看你能得几分。
　　2). tom, what do ten, twenty and five add up to?
　　汤姆，10，20和5加起来是多少？
　　[短语归纳]
　　add (…) to …. （把什么）加入…中
　　add up to … 加起来是
　　[练习] 用add的适当形式或构成的词组填空
　　1). will you _____ some more students to this project?
　　2). small numbers _____ a large one.
　　3). 50 _______ 50 equals 100.
　　答案: 1). add 2). add up to 3). added
　　2. go through 经历；经受
　　[典例]
　　1). the country has gone through too many wars. 这个国家经历了太多的战争。
　　2). she＂s been through a bad patch recently. 她最近经历了一段困难时期。
　　[短语归纳]
　　go after追求，追赶go ahead前进；请说（做）吧
　　go by走过，（时间）过去go along with向前，（与……）一起去
　　go in for爱好，从事 go out外出；（灯，火）熄灭
　　go over越过；复习 go up爬上，（价格等）上升
　　[练习] 用go 构成的词组填空
　　1). it is wise not to ____ with this plan.
　　2). prices ______ a little now. people are happy.
　　3). anyway, don’t always_______ at night by yourself.
　　4). i am tired. i want to _____ now.
　　答案: 1). go on with 2). go up 3). go home 4). go to bed
　　3.on purpose 故意，有目的地
　　[典例]
　　the boy broke jack’s window on purpose. he wanted to frighten jack.
　　那男孩是故意打破杰克的窗玻璃的，他想吓一下杰克。
　　[短语归纳]
　　do sth. on purpose: 故意做某事on purpose 表示故意地、有企图、有目的地
　　[练习]用 purpose的相关词汇填空
　　1). he didn’t do it ______.
　　2). what was your ____ ?
　　答案: 1). on purpose2). purpose
　　4. get along with 与某人相处；(工作的) 进展
　　[典例]
　　1). he is not easy-going. it’s very hard to get along with him 他不是个随和的人，很难相处。
　　2). how are you getting along with your work? 工作进展如何？
　　[短语归纳]
　　get along/on well/ nicely/ badly with 与……相处得好/不好，……进展顺利/不顺利
　　get away离开，逃离get down下来；写下，取下
　　get down to (doing)开始认真干……get over克服，摆脱
　　get through通过，做完 get together聚集
　　[练习] 中译英
　　1). 你现在和同事相处得好不好?
　　______________________________________________________________________________________
　　2). 她已重新获得从前那份工作。
　　______________________________________________________________________________________
　　答案: 1). are you getting along well with your colleagues?
　　2). she＂s got her old job back.
　　6.in order to… 为了……（可置于句首或句中）
　　[典例]
　　1). she arrived early in order to get a good seat. 她到得很早, 图的是得个好座位。
　　2). i agreed to her suggestion in order not to upset her. 我同意她的建议是为了不让她伤心。
　　[短语归纳]
　　in order that…以便……（后跟句子）so that…以便……（后跟句子）
　　so as to为了……（只能置于句中，不能置于句首）
　　[练习] 中译英
　　1．他早早动身好按时到达。
　　2．她拼命干以便能到6点时把一切都准备好。
　　答案: 1．he left early in order to/so as to/in order that/so that he should/would/might arrive on time.
　　2. in order to get everything ready by 6 o＂clock, she worked hard.
　　ⅴ.重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）
　　1. mom asked her if (whether) she was very hot with so many clothes on.
　　妈妈问她穿那么多衣服是不是很热。
　　[解释] with复合结构：
　　with + 宾语+ v. –ing / v. –ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases
　　由＂介词with+宾语+宾语补足语＂ 构成的复合结构在句中通常作为状语，表示背景情况，为方式，原因或条件等，另外，该结构也可以作为定语使用。下面简述几种情况：
　　1) 如果在该结构中的分词表示的动作是由前面的名词或代词发出的，构成主谓关系，该分词用现在分词形式。
　　2) 如果分词表示的动作与前面的名词或代词构成动宾关系，该分词用过去分词形式。
　　3) 宾语补足语也可以使用介词短语，形容词或副词来充当。
　　[典例]
　　1.with + 宾语 + 副词，如：
　　the square looks more beautiful with all the lights on (= while all the lights are on).
　　with his parents away (= as his parents are away), tom becomes more naughty.
　　2.with + 宾语 + 介词短语，如：
　　the teacher came in with a book in his hand (= while a book was in his hand).
　　the girl looked up with tears in her eyes (= while tears were in her eyes).
　　3.with + 宾语 + 现在分词，如：
　　with summer corning (= as summer is corning), the weather is becoming hotter and hotter.
　　with the teacher standing beside (= as the teacher was standing beside)，she felt a bit uneasy.
　　4.with + 宾语 + 过去分词，如：
　　with the work done (= as the work had been done), she felt greatly relieved.
　　with his hair cut (= as his hair has been cut), he looks much younger.
　　5.with + 宾语 + 不定式，如：
　　with her to go with us (= as she will go with us), we＂re sure to have a pleasant journey.
　　with mr smith to teach them english next term（= as mr smith will teach them english) , they will be greatly improved in spoken english.
　　[练习] 中译英：
　　1. 那房子昨晚发生火灾，结果里面的东西都烧光了。
　　______________________________________________________________________________________
　　2. 下学期史密斯先生教他们英语，他们的口语会大有提高。
　　______________________________________________________________________________________
　　3. 随着冬天的到来，天气越来越冷。
　　______________________________________________________________________________________
　　答案：1. the house caught a big fire last night , with nothing left in it.
　　2. with mr smith to teach them english next term , they will be greatly improved in spoken english.
　　3. with winter corning, the weather is becoming colder and colder.
　　2. i don’t set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do … 我不愿意像大多数人那样在日记中记流水帐……
　　[解释] as引导的从句为比较状语从句，意为＂像大多数人那么做＂。
　　as 用作连词，可引导下列状语从句：
　　1). 引导状语从句，强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语的同时性
　　as he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.
　　随着他年纪越来越大，他失去了对所有事物的兴趣，除了园艺。
　　2). 引导让步状语从句，表示＂尽管，虽然，即使＂（从句需倒装）
　　cold as it is, my brother wears only a shirt. 尽管天气冷，我哥只穿了一件衬衫。
　　3). 引导方式状语从句，表示＂以……方式＂。
　　why didn’t you take the medicine as i told you to? 为什么你没有按我说的服这药？
　　4). 引导原因状语从句 (=since; because)，＂由于，因为＂。
　　as you were not there, i left a message. 因为当时你不在那，所以我给你留了便条。
　　5) 引导比较状语从句。
　　she is as tall as you. 她和你一样高。
　　[练习] 中译英
　　1. 随着年龄的增长我越来越对科学感兴趣。
　　______________________________________________________________________________________
　　2. 由于雨下得很大，你最好穿上雨衣。
　　______________________________________________________________________________________
　　3. 他学习很努力，但考试还是没及格。
　　______________________________________________________________________________________
　　答案： 1. as l get older l get more interested in science．
　　2. as it is raining hard，you＂d better put on your raincoat．
　　3. hard as he worked，he failed in the exam．
　　3. it is/was the…time that… ……第几次……
　　[解释] that从句中的谓语动词一般用完成时态。
　　1). it is the first time that he has heard this song.
　　[练习] 中译英
　　1.这是他第二次来中国。
　　2．这是我第一次举办画展。
　　———————————————————————————————————————————
　　答案： 1. it is the second time that he has come to china.
　　2. it was the first time that i had held an art exhibition.
　　课文要点(模块)
　　ⅰ.课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）
　　根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：
　　anne frank is a 1 （犹太的）girl who lived in netherlands during the world war ii. her family had to 2 or they would be caught by the 3 （德国的)nazis. during the time in the 4 （隐匿的）place, anne set down a 5 （系列）of facts in a diary . anne made her diary her best friend 6 she could tell everything to and in the diary she showed us 7 she 8 （经历）during the war.
　　答案：1. jewish2. hide3. german4. hiding5. series6. whom7. what 8. went through/ experienced
　　ⅱ.课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）
　　阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。
　　安妮，一个整日躲在家中的犹太女孩，在二战期间坚持写日记。她把日记作为最好的朋友；在日记中她实现了过上正常的生活的渴望。
　　the story is about anne_______________________________________________________________________
　　______________________________________________________________________________________
　　答案： anne , a jewish girl hiding at home all day round, kept a diary during the world war ii . she regarded the diary as her best friend, and in it she revealed her desire for a normal life.
　　ⅲ.课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和写作能力）
　　1.【原句】i wonder if it’s because i haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that i’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事情都无比狂热。
　　[模仿要点] 句子结构： wonder  if 表语从句   so …that从句
　　【模仿1】我不知道是否因为我的卤莽使得史密夫先生对我这么生气。
　　_______________________________________________________________________________
　　答案：i wondered if it was because i was so rude that mr smith was so angry with me.
　　【模仿2】他在想是否因为她的朋友对她很关心所以她的心情才平复下来。
　　_______________________________________________________________________________
　　答案：he wonders whether it is because her friends are so concerned about her that she has calmed herself down.
　　2．【原句】i can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. (定语从句) 我记得非常清楚，以前，湛蓝的天空，鸟儿的歌唱，月光和鲜花，从未令我心迷神往过。自从我来到这里，这一切都变了。
　　[模仿要点] 句子结构： it is/was a time when …there is /was a time when…this/that is/was a time when…
　　【模仿1】我还记得这对他来说是一个艰难的时期，他遭受到了身心的打击。
　　_______________________________________________________________________________
　　答案：i can well remember it was a hard time when he suffered a lot physically and mentally.
　　【模仿2】在中国历史上,曾经有过一段时期中国鼓励与世界其他国家进行贸易。
　　_______________________________________________________________________________
　　答案：in chinese history, there was a time when china encouraged trade with the rest of the world.
　　3. 【原句】it was the first time in a year and a half that i’d seen the night face to face. 这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。
　　[模仿要点] 句子结构： it is/was the first (second…) time that sb + 现在完成时/过去完成时：这是某人第几次做某事
　　【模仿1】这是我们第一次面对面地谈论到这件事情。
　　_______________________________________________________________________________
　　答案：it is the first time that we have talked about this issue face to face.
　　【模仿2】这是他第二次参与怎样解决这个问题的讨论。
　　_______________________________________________________________________________
　　答案：it was the second time that he had joined in the discussion about how to do with the problem.
　　单元自测 （模块）
　　1完形填空
　　阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—10各题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
　　字数：215完成时间：15分钟难度：***
　　the recent milk crisis around the country has seen liquid milk sold by three leading companies contaminated (污染) with melamine (三聚氰胺).
　　melamine is a chemical that is usually used to make plastics, but is 1 in the food industry. it was put in the milk to make milk appear rich in protein in 2 tests.
　　tests of last thursday showed that products from 22 of the 109 milk food firms have 3 the quality tests of the general administration of quality supervision, inspection and quarantine ( 国家质检总局). 24 of the 1,202 batches批次 of liquid milk were contaminated. besides hebeibased sanlu group, the firms whose products are contaminated include such 4 giants as the yili and mengniu groups. all the bad milk will be 5 and destroyed.
　　however, scientists were quoted as saying the contamination level in liquid milk did not pose a big threat to people＂s 6 . even milk with the highest concentration of melamine is 7 for a 60-kilogram or heavier adult if he or she drinks up to 2 liters a day.
　　the administration has ordered a thorough investigation into all the firms with 8 and said quality control officers would be sent to all 1,500 dairy farms in the country to carry out 9 .
　　so next time you buy milk, take a look at its 10 name.
　　1. a. banned b. encouraged c. added d. admitted
　　2. a. quantity b. quality c. blood d. industry
　　3. a. passed b. refused c. stood d. failed
　　4. a. sports b. jewellery c. dairy d. medicine
　　5. a. recalled b. transformed c. reevaluated  d. replaced
　　6. a. sight b. brain c. health d. intelligence
　　7. a. helpful b. harmful c. safe d. normal
　　8. a. crimes b. conclusions c. possibilities d. problems
　　9. a. plans b. inspections c. promises d. orders
　　10. a. brand b. pattern c. label d. edition
　　答案
　　1. a 据下文＂被三聚氰胺污染的牛奶在质量检查中是不合格的＂可知三聚氰胺是禁止在食物中使用的。
　　2. b 显然这里是指质量检查。
　　3. d 据上下文及意境可知，这些奶制品在未能通过质检。
　　4. c 伊利、蒙牛公司是制奶业界的巨头。
　　5. a 所有问题牛奶将被回收（recall）和销毁。
　　6. c 这里是整体而言，对人们的健康不会构成威胁，而不是对人体的某个部位。
　　7. c 既然对人们的健康不会构成威胁，那就是安全了。
　　8. d 要检查的当然是有问题的牛奶了。
　　9. b 派出官员对牛奶场进行检查(inspections)。
　　10. a 下次买牛奶时,记得看一下所购买的品牌(brand)。
　　2. 语法填空
　　阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为1-10的相应位置上。
　　词数：165完成时间：9分钟难度：**
　　liu xiang was the first asian 1 (win) the men’s 110m hurdles at the olympics in athens. 2 that he became an idol to the young people.
　　＂i never thought i would run under 13 seconds and break the olympic 3 .＂ said liu xiang in tears, ＂i am very excited. i’m proud not just for myself and for chinese 4 for asia. my race went 5 (wonderful) from start to finish.＂ liu added. ＂it is 6 amazing experience being the olympic champion. i want to thank my coach and my friends for 7 their help. i think today we chinese have showed the world we 8 run as fast as anybody else.＂
　　since his return from athens, liu xiang 9 (be) at the center of a media circus and he has been to many press appearances and meetings. but liu thinks XX is just the beginning, and he expects to be at his peak in the XX beijing olympics. liu said, ＂for some players, it’s just a job. for me, it’s 10 i love.＂
　　[答案]
　　本文主要介绍了著名运动员刘翔因夺得110米跨栏冠军而闻名于世。
　　1. to win 不定式做后置定语。
　　2. after 刘翔夺得110米跨栏冠军之后，成了年轻人的偶像。
　　3. record 他打破了记录。
　　4. but 固定结构。
　　5. wonderfully 修饰动词应用副词。
　　6. an 用于元音前。
　　7. all 他想感激他的教练和朋友们对他的帮助。
　　8. can 根据句意得知。
　　9. has been 从句中有since，主语往往用完成时态。
　　10. what 表语从句的引导词，作love的宾语。
　　3. 阅读理解
　　阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
　　词数：287完成时间：7分钟难度：***
　　americans are pound of their variety- and inpiduality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. why are uniforms so popular in the united states?
　　among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian (百姓的) clothes. people have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. the television repairman who wears uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. what easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity (身份) than to step out of uniform ?
　　uniforms also have many practical benefits. they save on other clothes. they save on laundry bills. they are tax- deductible ( 可减税的). they are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.
　　primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of inpiduality experienced by people who must wear them. though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. when people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.
　　uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.
　　1. it is surprising that americans who worship variety and inpiduality ___________.
　　a. still judge a man by his clothes
　　b. hold the uniform in such high regard
　　c. enjoy having a professional identity
　　d. will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform
　　2. people are accustomed to thinking that a man in uniform ____________.
　　a. suggests quality work
　　b. discards his social identity
　　c. appears to be more practical
　　d. looks superior to a person in civilian clothes
　　3. the chief function of a uniform is to ___________.
　　a. provide practical benefits to the wearer
　　b. make the wearer catch the public eye
　　c. inspire the wearer＂s confidence in himself
　　d. provide the wearer with a professional identity
　　4. according to the passage, people wearing uniforms _____________.
　　a. are usually helpful
　　b. have little or no inpidual freedom
　　c. tend to lose their inpiduality
　　d. enjoy greater popularity
　　5. the best title for this passage would be ____________.
　　a. uniforms and society
　　b. the importance of wearing a uniform
　　c. practical benefits of wearing a uniform
　　d. advantages and disadvantages of uniforms
　　答案：
　　文章第一段提出制服在美国受欢迎的现象，第二段说了一个主要论点——制服的好处，第三段说的是实际 好处，第四段说的是反对的论点——制服的缺点，第五段说的是实际问题：
　　1．答案是b．第一段第一句yet转折后面就是答案：hold．．．in regard和respect是同义转换：
　　2．答案是久答案对应在第二段，people ．．．expect superior quality．．.。认为穿制服的水平更高。d错在混淆了superior的目标，不是人，而是quality，所以不对：
　　3．答案是d．在第二段最后，提到制服的主要功能是什么：a是实际的好处，而不是主要功能。
　　4．答案是c，在第四段。制服的一个主要缺点。
　　5．答案是n文章的主题是讨论了制服的优缺点。
　　4. 基础写作
　　你是李萍，请根据下列表格的提示，你用英语写一篇短文，介绍我国XX北京奥运冠军张怡宁的基本情况。
　　[写作内容]
　　姓 名张怡宁出生年月1982年10月5日 出生地 北京
　　经 历身高1.68米体 重 52kg
　　1. 6岁开始学习乒乓球。
　　2. 1999年的45届世乒赛显示非凡的实力，仅负于王楠，获得了亚军。
　　3. XX的雅典奥运会上夺取了金牌，并在浙江萧山召开的国际世乒赛上又战胜了王楠，成为乒乓球领域的顶尖高手。
　　4. XX届北京奥运会的金牌得主。
　　[写作要求]
　　1．只能使用5个句子表达全部内容；
　　2．文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。 ．
　　[评分标准]
　　句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。
　　[写作向导]
　　1．时态：张怡宁过去参加比赛的经历应该用一般过去时，对她现在的评论应用一般现在时。
　　2．可用词汇与句型：the XX athens o1ympic games XX雅典奥运会，the 45th table tennis world championships 45届世乒赛，the gold medal金牌。
　　____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
　　答案:
　　i like to introduce a woman pingpong player to you. her name is zhang yining, who was born in beijing and is 1.68 meters tall and weighs 52 kilos, and she began to play table tennis at the age of six. in 1999, she won the second at the 45 th table tennis world championships, only lost to wang nan while in the XX athens olympic games, she won the first. moreover she won the women＂s singles at the ittf world cup in xiaoshan, jiejiang, where she beat wang nan. in fact, she has already become the top of the table tennis field. in the XX beijing olympic games, she beat wang nan again and got the gold medal.