Howampnbsplongampnbsphaveampnbspyouampnbspbeenampnbspcollectingampnbspshells教案

　　八 年级导学案
　　姓名学科王
　　班级学科王审核人签字学科王
　　审核日期
　　课题unit6 how long have you been collecting shells?
　　课型
　　新授课
　　执笔者
　　参与者教学目标： 1.key vocabulary: collect ; shell; marathon 2.key structures: —how long have you been skating?  —i’ve been skating for five hours. 3.train students’ abilities of listening and speaking. 教学重点：key vocabulary and key structures/listening practice. 教学难点：how to improve students’ listening ability. 课前准备：teacher: a recorder  students: 认真做好预习交流作业。 teaching steps： step 1 greetings and revision  step 2 1a group work step 3 1b step 4 2a step 5 1c pair work 预习交流 根据句意及首字母提示补全单词，并翻译句子。 1． how long h you been at this school? 2. his job is c empty bottles. 3. she has many colorful s .  4. was this your first skating m ?  5. she can s very well.  6. she has been skating s she was four years old. 知识梳理 1. –how long have you been skating? 你滑多长时间了？ -i’ve been skating for five hours. 我已经滑了五个小时了。  【用法】 （1）这是一个现在完成进行时的句子，现在完成进行时通常要和表示一段时间的状语连用，表示在这段时间内，该动作一直在进行。其结构为＂have/has been +v.-ing+表时间段的状语＂。 （2）for five hours表示＂五个小时＂，介词for后跟时间段，表达某动作已延续多久了，故该动作应用延续性动词。（在肯定句中）。 （3）how long意为＂多久＂，在此句中，用以提问时间的长短，除此之外还可以提问物体的长度。how long 用以提问＂（时间）有多久＂，其答语必为延续性动词。how long 针对动作提问的，即句中的动词必为延续性动词，因为只有延续性动词才能延续一段时间，成为表状态的形容词或介词短语。 how long has elizabeth been a nurse? ---- __________ a since 1992 b. seventeen years ago. c. in 1992 2.-i’ve been skating since i was seven years old.  【用法】此处的since用作连词，后面跟时间点，可以和完成时连用。意为＂自……以来＂，其从句为一般过去时，主句为现在完成时，表达主句的动作从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在，本句的主句为现在完成进行时。 【辨析】since 与 for since除可作连词、引导时间状语从句外，还可做介词，意为＂自从……,自……以来＂，其后接具体的某一过去时间，不能与一段时间，表达某一动作延续的时间有多长；既可用于现在完成时、现在完成进行时中，也可用于一般现在时，一般将来时及一般过去时中。 jack has studied chinese in this school ________the year of XX. a. since b. for c. in d. on 合作探究 ⅰ.用for或since填空,并翻译句子。 1．they have been working ten hours. 2. kate has been studying 8:00 pm. 3. the old man has been living in the old house 1990. 4. she has been studying english she was five. 5. the twins have been waiting for you an hour ago. ⅱ.pair work（1c） 课后作业  p51.ⅲ 完型填空，翻译短文。（english exercise-book）
　　教学反思：