高考英语动词的时态语法专题

　　XX年《高考风向标》•英语
　　目 录
　　第一部分 教材梳理
　　必修一
　　unit 1 friendship
　　单元要点预览
　　语言要点
　　词语辨析
　　词性变化
　　重点单词
　　重点词组
　　重点句子
　　课文要点
　　课文词汇填空
　　课文大意概括
　　课文佳句背诵与仿写
　　单元自测
　　unit 2 english around the world
　　单元要点预览
　　语言要点
　　词语辨析
　　词性变化
　　重点单词
　　重点词组
　　重点句子
　　课文要点
　　课文词汇填空
　　课文大意概括
　　课文佳句背诵与仿写
　　单元自测
　　unit 3 travel journal
　　单元要点预览
　　语言要点
　　词语辨析
　　词性变化
　　重点单词
　　重点词组
　　重点句子
　　课文要点
　　课文词汇填空
　　课文大意概括
　　课文佳句背诵与仿写
　　单元自测
　　unit 4 earthquakes
　　单元要点预览
　　语言要点
　　词语辨析
　　词性变化
　　重点单词
　　重点词组
　　重点句子
　　课文要点
　　课文词汇填空
　　课文大意概括
　　课文佳句背诵与仿写
　　单元自测
　　unit 5 nelson mandela—a modern hero
　　单元要点预览
　　语言要点
　　词语辨析
　　词性变化
　　重点单词
　　重点词组
　　重点句子
　　课文要点
　　课文词汇填空
　　课文大意概括
　　课文佳句背诵与仿写
　　单元自测
　　必修二
　　unit 1 cultural relics
　　单元要点预览
　　语言要点
　　词语辨析
　　词性变化
　　重点单词
　　重点词组
　　重点句子
　　课文要点
　　课文词汇填空
　　课文大意概括
　　课文佳句背诵与仿写
　　单元自测
　　unit 2 the olympic games
　　单元要点预览
　　语言要点
　　词语辨析
　　词性变化
　　重点单词
　　重点词组
　　重点句子
　　课文要点
　　课文词汇填空
　　课文大意概括
　　课文佳句背诵与仿写
　　单元自测
　　unit 3 computers
　　单元要点预览
　　语言要点
　　词语辨析
　　词性变化
　　重点单词
　　重点词组
　　重点句子
　　课文要点
　　课文词汇填空
　　课文大意概括
　　课文佳句背诵与仿写
　　单元自测
　　unit 4 wildlife protection
　　单元要点预览
　　语言要点
　　词语辨析
　　词性变化
　　重点单词
　　重点词组
　　重点句子
　　课文要点
　　课文词汇填空
　　课文大意概括
　　课文佳句背诵与仿写
　　单元自测
　　unit 5 music
　　单元要点预览
　　语言要点
　　词语辨析
　　词性变化
　　重点单词
　　重点词组
　　重点句子
　　课文要点
　　课文词汇填空
　　课文大意概括
　　课文佳句背诵与仿写
　　单元自测
　　必修三
　　unit 1 festivals around the world
　　单元要点预览
　　语言要点
　　词语辨析
　　词性变化
　　重点单词
　　重点词组
　　重点句子
　　课文要点
　　课文词汇填空
　　课文大意概括
　　课文佳句背诵与仿写
　　单元自测
　　unit 2 healthy eating
　　单元要点预览
　　语言要点
　　词语辨析
　　词性变化
　　重点单词
　　重点词组
　　重点句子
　　课文要点
　　课文词汇填空
　　课文大意概括
　　课文佳句背诵与仿写
　　单元自测
　　unit 3 the million pound bank note
　　单元要点预览
　　语言要点
　　词语辨析
　　词性变化
　　重点单词
　　重点词组
　　重点句子
　　课文要点
　　课文词汇填空
　　课文大意概括
　　课文佳句背诵与仿写
　　单元自测
　　……
　　第二部分 语法专题
　　专题一 冠词
　　专题二 名词
　　专题三 代词
　　专题四 数词
　　专题五 形容词和副词
　　专题六 介词
　　专题七 情态动词
　　专题八 非谓语动词
　　专题九 动词和动词短语
　　专题十 动词的时态
　　专题十一 动词的语态
　　专题十二 句子种类
　　专题十三 名词性从句
　　专题十四 定语从句
　　专题十五 状语从句
　　专题十六 倒装句和省略句
　　专题十七 强调句
　　专题十八 虚拟语气
　　专题十九 主谓一致
　　专题二十 直接引语和间接引语
　　第三部分 高考题型讲练
　　听力
　　完形填空
　　语法填空
　　阅读理解
　　信息匹配
　　基础写作
　　读写任务
　　第二部分 语法专题
　　专题十 动词的时态
　　i、重点难点解析
　　高考中通常是把时态和语境结合起来考查。题干中往往没有明确的时间状语，需要考生搜索出时间参照信息。英语有16种时态，中学阶段常用的是10种。
　　一 动词的基本形式一览表
　　形式变化规则构成方法例词
　　原形see, finish, teach
　　现在时第三人称单数形式一般情况加-slook looks, write writes
　　以ch, sh, s, x结尾加-esteach teaches, finish finishes
　　guess guesses, mix mixes
　　以o结尾加-esdo does, go goes
　　以 ＂辅音字母 y＂结尾变y为i ，加-estry tries, cry cries
　　过去式过去分词规则变化一般情况加-edstay stayed, look looked
　　以不发音e结尾直接加-ddecide decided, hope hoped
　　以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写这个辅音字母再加-edstop stopped, admit admitted
　　以 ＂辅音字母 y＂结尾变y为i ，加-edcarry carried, try tried
　　现在分词一般情况加-inggo going, read reading
　　以不发音e结尾去e，再加-inghave having, write writing
　　以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双写这个辅音字母再加-ingcut cutting, run running
　　二 常用10种动词时态的构成及其常用时间状语一览表
　　时 态构 成常用时间状语
　　一般现在时动词原形
　　（第三人称单数+s等）always, usually, often, sometimes, every…,etc.
　　一般过去时动词过去式yesterday, the day before yesterday, the other day, last…,…ago, etc.
　　一般将来时will（shall）+动词原形tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next…, in two days, etc.
　　be going to+动词原形
　　过去将来时would+动词原形多用于间接引语的宾语从句中
　　将来进行时will（shall）+be+现在分词at eight（this time）tomorrow, etc.
　　现在进行时am（is, are）+现在分词now, during these days, etc.
　　过去进行时was（were）+现在分词at eight（this time）yesterday, etc.
　　现在完成时have（has）+过去分词already, just, yet, since, for…, etc.
　　过去完成时had+过去分词by…,before, etc.
　　现在完成进行时have（has）+been+现在分词for…, since…, etc.
　　三 注意以下几种时态的区别
　　1. 一般过去时和现在完成时
　　1）一般过去时只表示过去发生的动作或状态，常和表过去的时间状语连用，即仅谈过去，不关现在。i wrote a letter this morning. (只说明写了一封信的事实)
　　2）现在完成时表示过去发生的动作或状态，但和现在有联系，可能刚结束，也可能继续下去。不能和表过去的时间状语连用，译成汉语时可加＂已经＂。
　　i have written a letter this morning. (我已经写了一封信，有继续写第二封的可能，现在还是早上。)
　　2. 一般过去时和过去进行时
　　1）一般过去时侧重于说明发生某动作的事实。
　　it rained heavily last night.昨晚雨下得很大。(强调下雨，并不强调持续时间)
　　2）过去进行时侧重于强调某动作的持续过程或表示动作在进行。
　　it was raining cats and dogs last night昨晚整整一夜都在下倾盆大雨。(强调没停，一直持续)
　　3. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时
　　1) 现在完成时在含义上着重表示动作的结果。
　　i have read that book. (已读完)
　　2）现在完成进行时着重表示动作一直在进行，即动作的延续性。
　　i have been reading that book all the morning.( 还没读完)
　　ii、实战演练
　　用所给动词或根据中文提示填入动词的正确形式
　　1.1)---remember the first time we ____________________ (meet)?
　　---of course. you _____________________ (study) in beijing university then.
　　2) cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at sunshine school, where she _________________________ (study) english for a year.
　　2.1) the government __________________ (build) two factories in this region since the end of last year.
　　2) the government ____________________(build) two factories in this region by the end of this year.
　　3.1) it ___________ (be) ten years since we left school.
　　2) it ____________ (be) two years before we leave school.
　　4.they _______________________ (work) on the program for almost one week before i joined them, and now we ____________________ (still work) on it as no good results have come out so far.
　　5.the pen i ____________ (think) i _____________ (lose) is on my desk, right under my nose.
　　6.if their marketing plans succeed, they _______________ (increase) their sales by 20 percent.
　　7.she said that it ___________ (be) the second time she _______________ (see) the film.
　　8.i don’t really work here. i _________________ (just help) out until the new secretary arrives.
　　9.look at the timetable. hurry up! flight 2039 _____________ (take) off at 18:40..
　　10.---how are you today?
　　---oh, _________________ (not feel) as ill as i do now for a very long time.
　　11.1) my good friend _______________ (come ) from guangdong.(是广东人)
　　2) my good friend _______________ (come ) from guangdong last week.(从广东来)
　　12.1) where _____________ (be) you? (你在哪儿)
　　2) where ____________ you ____________? (be) (你去了哪)
　　3) where _____________ he ____________ (go)? (他去哪了)
　　13.1) mr. john ______________ (teach) english in china for two years. (不在中国了)
　　2) mr. john ______________ (teach) english in china for two years. (也许仍在中国)
　　14.1) i _____________________ (read) that book. (读过那本书了)
　　2) i _____________________ (read) that book all the morning.（一直在读那本书）
　　15.1) when i got there, he __________________ the work (做完那工作了)
　　2) when i got there, he __________________ the work carefully (在认真地做工作)
　　3) when i got there, he __________________ the work (才要做工作)
　　答案：1. met, were studying; has been studying2. has built; will have built3. is; will be4.had been working; are still working5. thought, had lost6. will increase7.was, had seen8. am just helping
　　9. takes10. haven’t felt11.comes; came 12. are; have been; has gone13. taught; has taught
　　14. have read; have been reading15. had done; was doing; was about to do
　　语法填空
　　when he was a little boy, christopher cockerell once watched his mother turning the wheel of her sewing-machine with her hand.
　　＂wouldn’t it work quickly if a machine 1 (turn) the wheel for you?＂ he asked.
　　＂i suppose it would,＂ said his mother, without paying him any attention.
　　christopher 2 (know) she always had a lot of work, and he wanted to help. up in his bedroom there was a toy steam-engine which his father 3 (buy) him as a gift. ＂i 4 (make) better use of it,＂ little christopher said to himself. so, when his mother 5 (not use) her sewing-machine, he fixed the toy steam-engine onto it. when the job 6 (finish), he was quite pleased, thinking his mother 7 (like) it.
　　＂very clever,＂ his mother said, when she saw it. then she sat down and went on turning the wheel by hand. ＂i 8 (work) like this for too many years,＂ she explained.
　　this taught christopher the lesson that anyone who 9 (try) to improve anything 10 (have) to learn: many people don’t like new ideas.
　　答案：1. turned 2. knew 3. had bought 4. will/shall make 5. was not using 6. was finished 7. would like 8. have been working 9. tries 10. has
　　三、完形填空
　　several years ago, a well-known writer and editor norman cousins became very ill. his body ached and he felt constantly tired. it was difficult for him to even __21__ around. his doctor told him that he would lose the ability to move and eventually die from the disease. he was told he had only a 1 in 500 chance of survival.
　　despite the diagnosis (诊断), cousins was __22__ to overcome the disease and survive. he had always been interested in medicine and had read a book, which __23__ the idea of how body chemistry and health can be __24__ by emotional stress and negative attitudes. the book made cousins __25__ the possible benefit of positive attitudes and emotions. he thought, ＂is it possible that love, hope, faith, laughter, confidence, and the will to 1ive have positive treatment value?＂
　　he decided to __26__ positive emotions as a way to treat some of the symptoms of his disease. in addition to his traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations that would __27__ positive emotions. ＂laugh therapy＂ became part of his treatment. he __28__ time each day for watching comedy films, reading humorous books, and doing other activities that would draw out positive emotions. within eight days of starting his ‘‘laugh therapy＂ program his pain began to __29__ and he was able to sleep more easily. he was able to return to work in a few months’ time and actually __30__ complete recovery after a few years.
　　21. a. run b. passc. moved. travel
　　22. a. devotedb. determinedc. planned d. forced
　　23. a. discussedb. explainedc. presentedd. demonstrated
　　24. a. killed b. ruinedc. damagedd. influenced
　　25. a. remind ofb. learn fromc. refer tod. think about
　　26. a. concentrate on b. pick upc. absorb ind. care about
　　27. a. make upb. set about c. put upd. bring about
　　28. a. arrangedb. appointedc. offered d. afforded
　　29. a. escapeb. decreasec. recoverd. end
　　30. a. received b. sought c. reached d. recognized
　　答案：21---25 cbacd 26---30 adabc