语法复习三名词性从句

　　名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句厅分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位从句。
　　（一）引导名词性从句的连接词
　　1、连接代词：who, whose, whom, what, which。有词义，在从句中担任成分，如主语、表语、宾语、或定语等。
　　2、连接副词：when, where, why, how。有词义，在从句中担任成分，作状语。
　　3、连接词：that, whether, if, as if。that 无词义，在从句中不担任成分，有时可省略；if (whether), as if虽有词义，但在从句中不担任成分。
　　注意：连接代词与连接副词在句中不再是疑问句，因而从句中谓语不用疑问式。连接代词与连接副词在从句充当句子成分，连接词whether 和if（是否），as if（好象）在从句中不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。根据句义，如果连接代词与连接副词，whether、if 和as if都用不上时，才用that作连接词（that本身无任何含义）。
　　（二）主语从句
　　1、主语从句在复合句作主语。
　　e.g. who will go is not important.
　　2、用it作形式主语，主语从句放在句末。
　　e.g. it doesn’t matter so much whether you will come or not.
　　3、that引导主语从句时，不能省略。
　　e.g. that he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.
　　（三）表语从句
　　1、表语从句在复合句中作表语，位于系动词之后。
　　e.g. the question was who could go there.
　　2、引导表语从句的连接词that有时可省去。
　　e.g. my idea is (that) we can get more comrades to help in the work.
　　（四）宾语从句
　　1、宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可省略。
　　e.g. i hope (that) everything is all right.
　　2、介词之后的宾语从句，不可用which或if连接，要分别用what或 whether。
　　e.g. i’m interested in whether you’ve finished the work..
　　i’m interested in what you’ve said.
　　3、whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。
　　①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。
　　e.g. i wonder if it doesn’t rain.
　　②用if 会引起误解，就要用whether。
　　e.g. please let me know whether you want to go.（此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）
　　③宾语从句中的whether 与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用，可换。
　　e.g. i don’t know whether or not the report is true.
　　i don’t know whether/ if the report is true or not.
　　④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。whether 可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。
　　e.g. it depends on whether we have enough time.
　　they don’t know whether to go there.
　　please come to see me if you have time.
　　（五）同位语从句
　　同位语从句在句中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词（如：news, fact, idea, suggestion, promise等）之后，说明该名词的具体内容。
　　e.g. i have no idea when he will be back.
　　the fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.
　　练习：名词性从句
　　一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句，并指出是什么从句：
　　1. china is no longer what it used to be.
　　2. the truth that the earth turn around the sun is known to all.
　　3. it was snowing when he arrived at the station.
　　4. how he persuaded the manager to change the plan is interesting to us all.
　　5. the news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.
　　6. the news that you told me yesterday was really disappointing.
　　7. that is where lu xun used to live.
　　8. he spoke as if he understood what he was talking about.
　　9. do you remember the teacher who taught us english at middle school?
　　10. i wonder why she refused my invitation.
　　二、用适当的连词填空：
　　1. i can’t decide ____________ dictionary i should buy.
　　2. that’s ____________ he refused my invitation.
　　3. i am very interested in ____________ he has improved his pronunciation in such a short time.
　　4. ____________ we need is more time.
　　5. the fact ____________ she had not said anything at the meeting surprised everybody.
　　6. ____________ and ____________ they will meet has not been decided yet.
　　7. please tell me ____________ you are waiting for.
　　8. is that ____________ you are looking for?
　　9. would you please tell me ____________ the nearest post office is?
　　10. i don’t know ____________ he will agree to the plan or not.
　　三、选择填空：
　　1. do you see _____ i mean?
　　a. that b./c. howd. what
　　2. tell me_____ is on your mind.
　　a. thatb. whatc. which d. why
　　3. we must stick to _____ we have agreed on.
　　a. whatb. thatc. /d. how
　　4. let me see _____.
　　a. that can i repair the radiob. whether -i can repair the radio
　　c. i can repair the radiod. whether can i repair the radio
　　5. keep in mind _____.
　　a. that the teacher saidb. what did the teacher say
　　c. that did the teacher sayd. what the teacher said
　　6. could you advise me _____?
　　a. which book should i read firstb. what book should i read first
　　c. that book 1 should read firstd. which book i should read first
　　7. he was criticized for _____.
　　a. he had done itb. what he had done c. what had he done d. that he had done it
　　8. would you kindly tell me _____?
　　a. how can i get to the beijing railway station
　　b. how i can get to the beijing railway station
　　c. where can i get to the beijing railway station
　　d. whether can i get to the beijing railway station
　　9. mrs. smith was very much impressed by _____.
　　a. what had she seen in chinab. that she had seen in china
　　c. what she had seen in chinad. which had she seen in china
　　10. we took it for granted ___
　　a. that they were not comingb. that were they not coming
　　c. they were coming notd. were they not coining
　　11. i really don＂t know _____
　　a. i should do nextb. what should i do next
　　c. what i should do nextd. how i should do next
　　12. i＂m afraid _____.
　　a. the little girl will have to be operated on
　　b. that will the little girl have to operate on
　　c. the little girl will have to operate on
　　d. that will the little girl have to be operated on
　　13. she walked up to _____ .
　　a. where did i stand b. where i stood
　　c. i stood there d. where i stood there
　　14. can you tell me _____?
　　a. who is that gentlemanb. that gentleman is who
　　c. who that gentleman isd. whom .is that gentleman
　　15. we＂ll give you _____.
　　a. that do you needb. what do you need
　　c. whatever you needd. whether do you need
　　16. they want us to know _____ to help us.
　　a. what can they b. what they canc. how they can d. how can they
　　17. we must put _____ into practice.
　　a. what we have learnedb. that we have learned
　　c. that have we learnedd. what have we learned
　　18. did she say anything about _____?
　　a. that the work was to be doneb. how was the work to be done
　　c. that was the work to be doned. how the work was to be done
　　19. he was never satisfied with _____.
　　a. what she had achievedb. had what she achieved
　　c. she had achievedd. that she achieved
　　20. these photographs will show you _____.
　　a. what does our village look likeb. what our village looks like
　　c. how does our village look liked. how our village looks like
　　21. peter insisted _____ he pay the bill.
　　a. on thatb. whatc. thatd. on which
　　22. they urged _____ the library open during the vacation.
　　a. whenb. wherec. whyd. that
　　23. we wish we could have learned _____ when we were at high school.
　　a. what you did b. that you had done
　　c. that what you did d. what did you do
　　24.1 will describe to you _____ i saw when there.
　　a. whatb. thatc. which d./
　　25. from _____ i should say he is a good worker.
　　a. what 1 know of himb. that i do know of him
　　c. what do i know of himd. that do i know of him
　　26. i will give this dictionary to __ wants to have it.
　　a. whomever b. anyonec. whoeverd. someone
　　27._____ they will come here hasn＂ t been decided yet.
　　a. whatb. thatc. whend. where
　　28. _____ was said here must be kept secret.
　　a. who b. the thingc. whatever d. where
　　29. it is still a question _____ we shall have our sports meet.
　　a. ifb. thatc. whatd. when
　　30. i＂m going anyway. _____ she will go is up to her to decide.
　　a. if or notb. whether or notc. ifd. that
　　31. it is strange _____ she have left without saying a word.
　　a. thatb. whatc. whyd. how
　　32. it is very clear _____ our policy is a correct one.
　　a. whatb. thatc. why d. where
　　33. _____ mr zhang said is quite right.
　　a. that b. whenc. whatd. whether
　　34. it has been decided _____ he will be sent there.
　　a. ifb. whether c. whyd. that
　　35. it doesn＂ t matter _____he＂ s come back or not.
　　a. ifb. whetherc. thatd. when
　　36. it＂s a great pity _____ we won’t be able to finish the task on time.
　　a. when b. thatc. why d. where
　　37. it happened _____ i wasn＂t there that day.
　　a. when b. whyc. where d. that
　　38._____ you have done might do harm to other people.
　　a. what b. thatc. which d. the things
　　39. _____ leaves the room last ought to turn oft the lights.
　　a. anyone b. the personc. whoever d.who
　　40._____ the XX olympic games won＂t be held in beijing is known to all.
　　a. whether b. ifc. whenever d. that
　　41. _____ fails to see this will make a big mistake.
　　a. that b. whoeverc. whether d. whether or not
　　42. __ we need more equipment is quite obvious.
　　a. what b. whetherc. thatd. whatever
　　43. has it been announced _____?
　　a. when are the planes to take offb. that are the planes to take off
　　c. where are the planes to take offd. when the planes are to take off
　　44. that is _____ we all support his idea.
　　a. whatb. whyc. whered. when
　　45. that’s _____ we should do.
　　a. thatb. whatc. howd. why
　　46. _____ is troubling me is _____ i don’t understand _____ he said
　　a. what; that; whatb. what; what; what
　　c. that; that; whatd. why; that; which
　　47. things were not _____ they seemed to be.
　　a. whenb. whyc. thatd. what
　　48. that’s _____ i want to say.
　　a. all whatb. whatc. all whichd. what that
　　49. that’s _____ .
　　a. where our differences lieb. our differences lie there
　　c. where do our differences lied. that where our differences lie
　　50. that is _____ .
　　a. where lived he thereb. where did he live
　　c. where he livedd. that where he lived
　　51. the questions is _____.
　　a. whether is it worth doingb. that if it is worth doing
　　c. whether it is worth doingd. if it is worth doing
　　52. water will continue to be _____ it is today next in importance to oxygen.
　　a. howb. whichc. whatd. as
　　53. that＂s_____.
　　a. how did i become a teacherb. how i became a teacher
　　c. how a teacher i becamed. that i became a teacher
　　54. they are just _____.
　　a. that what shall i haveb. what shall i have
　　c. that i shall have whatd. what i shall have
　　55. it looked ____.
　　a. as if it was going to rainb. that as if it was going to rain
　　c. as if was it going to raind. as if that it was going to rain
　　56. that＂s_____.
　　a. how she did itb. that how did she do it.
　　c. how did she do itd. what she did it
　　57. that is _____ we decided to put the discussion off.
　　a. whereb. whichc. thatd. why
　　58. that’s _____ i lived when i was ten years old.
　　a. whereb. at whichc. there whered. when
　　59. my suggestion is _____ we should send a few comrades to help them.
　　a. if b. thatc. when thatd. that where
　　60. the idea _____ all people are selfish is wrong.
　　a. whatb. thatc. why d. if
　　61. we heard the news _____ our team had won.
　　a. thatb. whatc. whetherd. why
　　62. the fact _____ he hadn’t said anything surprised us all.
　　a. whyb. ifc. thatd. whether
　　63.i have no idea _____ she will be back.
　　a. thatb. wherec. that whend. when
　　64. we must keep in mind the fact _____ china is still a developing country.
　　a. whetherb. thatc. whyd. when
　　65. they have no idea at all _____.
　　a. where he has goneb. where did he go
　　c. where has he goned. which place he has gone
　　参考答案
　　语法复习三：名词性从句
　　一、1、表语从句；2、同位语从句；3、不是；4、主语从句；5、同位语从句；6、不是；7、表语从句；8、宾语从句；9、不是；10、宾语从句
　　二、1. which; 2. why; 3. how; 4. what; 5. that; 6. when, where; 7. who(m); 8. what; 9. where; 10. whether
　　三、1~5 dbabd 6~10 dbbca 11~15 cabcc 16~20 badab 21~25 cdaaa
　　26~30 cccdb 31~35 abcdb 36~40 bdacd 41~45 bcdbb 46~50 adbac
　　51~55 ccbda 56~60 adabb 61~65 acdba