Greatampnbspwomenampnbspandampnbsptheirampnbspachievements教案

　　必修四
　　unit 1 great women and their achievements一、语言要点i单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
　　词汇
　　部分
　　词语
　　辨析1. campaign / war / battle 2.worth / worthy / worthwhile 3. argue / debate词形变化1. connect vt.连接；联系；接通电话 vi.连接，衔接connection n.联系，关系；连接2. argue vt.&vi.讨论；辩论 argument n.[c]争论；争辩；3. crowd n. 人群，群众；v. 聚集；挤满；挤，推crowded adj.充(拥)满了的，拥挤的4. inspire vt. 鼓舞；激发；启示inspiration n. 鼓舞；灵感inspired adj.受灵感启示的inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的5. considerate adj.体贴的，体谅的consideration n.考虑，要考虑的事；体贴considerable adj.相当大(或多)的6. deliver vt.递送(邮件)，接生；生(小孩)；发表(演说)delivery n.[c,u]投递；演讲deliverer 递送者重点单词 1. achievement n.[c]成就，功绩 2. behave vt.&vi. 举动；(举止或行为)表现3. observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守4. respect vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；重视 5. argue vt.&vi. 讨论；辩论；争论 6. support vt.&n. 支持；拥护；支撑；赡养；给予帮助﹑ 同情等的人7. intend vt. 计划；打算 8. deliver vt. 接生(小孩)，递送，发表(演说) 重点词组1. look down upon / on蔑视；瞧不起2. refer to 谈到；查阅；参考；查询；提及；指……而言3. come across (偶然) 遇见；碰见4. carry on 继续；坚持5. live/lead a... life过着……的生活
　　重点句子1. watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.2. only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.3. she also worked hard to make as many countries as possible agree not to use them.
　　重点语法主谓一致（见语法部分）ii 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. campaign / war / battle 【解释】war ＂战争＂的总称，一般包括多个战役的大规模战争。battle ＂战斗＂，指有组织的武装部队之间的战斗，有持续几小时的，也有持续几天的。campaign＂战役＂，指在某一地区所进行的一连串有固定目的的军事行动，规模比battle大；还用来表＂政治或商业性的活动、竞选活动＂campaign for/against 从事运动【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1). they won the _______ but lost the _______. 2). the city hall is planning to start a _______ against smoking.keys: 1). battle; war 2). campaign 2. worth / worthy / worthwhile【解释】worth 只能作表语，其后接钱数、名词或及物动词的动名词的主动一般形式: be worth doingworthy可作表语，后接of+名词/of+动名词的被动形式/不定式的被动形式: be worthy of + n./ of being done / to be done 也作定语，＂值得……的＂，＂有价值的＂：a worthy winner名副其实的赢家worthwhile可作表语和定语: a worthwhile job 值得做的工作 it is worthwhile to do/doing【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1). the necklace was ______ 100 francs at most. 2). it’ s ______ to discuss the question again.3). you would find it ______ your while to come to the meeting.4). can’ t you find something ______ doing at all? the book is _______ _______ _______ (很值得读) a second time.5). this place of interest is worthy _______ _______ _______ / _______ _______ ______ /_______ _______ _______ (参观).keys: 1). worth 2). worthwhile 3). worth 4). worth; well worth reading 5). of a visit / of being visited / to be visited3. argue / debate【解释】argue指某人坚持自己的主张，举出事实和理由说服某人或反对其他方面的意见。debate指辩论者长在自己的立场公开争论一个问题。【练习】根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1). we ______ with her ______ how to go there. 2). they ______ the case for hours.3). they ______ the question openly.4). last week, our class had a ______ over whether middle school students should carry cell phones at school.keys: 1). argued; about 2). argued 3). debated 4). debate iii 词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1. connect vt.连接；联系；接通电话 vi.连接，衔接connection n.联系，关系；连接2. argue vt.&vi.讨论；辩论 argument n.[c]争论；争辩；3. crowd n. 人群，群众；v. 聚集；挤满；挤，推crowded adj.充(拥)满了的，拥挤的4. inspire vt. 鼓舞；激发；启示inspiration n. 鼓舞；灵感inspired adj.受灵感启示的inspiring adj.鼓舞人心的5. considerate adj.体贴的，体谅的consideration n.考虑，要考虑的事；体贴considerable adj.相当大(或多)的6. deliver vt.递送(邮件)，接生；生(小孩)；发表(演说)delivery n.[c,u]投递；演讲deliverer 递送者【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1). it was ________ (consideration) of you not to play the piano while i was asleep.2). the good news _______ (inspire) us with hope.3). the children had an _______ (argue) about what game to play. 4). please pay on ________ (deliver). 5). taking everything into ________ (consider), the event was a great success.6). the narrow roads were ________ (crowd) with holiday traffic.7). what is the _______ (connect) between the two ideas?keys: 1). considerate  2). inspired  3). argument  4). delivery5). consideration 6). crowded 7). connection iv 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1. behave vt.&vi. 举动；(举止或行为)表现 behavio(u)r n. 行为；举止；习惯 [典例]1). behave yourself; don’ t make a fool of yourself. 注意你的举止, 别闹出笑话来。2). how is your new car behaving? 你的新车性能如何？[重点用法]behave oneself 使某人自己举止规矩   behaviour towards/to... 对……的态度/行为 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). it’ s hard to train children to _______ _______ (举止得体) at the table.2). she is always _______ _______ (举止得体) at school.3). their _______ (behave) _______ (介词) me shows that they do not like me.keys: 1). behave well  2). well behaved 3). behaviour towards2. achievement n.[c]成就，功绩 achieve vt. 取得，完成[典例]1). he received the nobel prize for his scientific achievements. 他因科学上取得的成就而获得诺贝尔奖。2). flying across the atlantic for the first time was a great achievement. 首次飞越大西洋是一个伟大的功绩。[重点用法]achieve an aim / goal达到目标  achieve success 获得成功 [练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词。1). without the support of the people we can _______ _______. 2). i have achieved only half of _______ i hope to do. 3). congratulations to you (介词) _______ such a complete victory. keys: 1). achieve nothing 2). what 3). on; achieving 3. observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守 observation n.[u] 观察；观测；监视[典例]1). the police observed the man entering/enter the bank. 警方监视着那男子进入银行的情况。2). the woman was observed to follow him closely. 有人看到那女子紧跟着他。[重点用法]observe sb. do sth. 观察某人做某事(已做完)  observe sb. doing sth. 观察某人正在做某事  under observation 被监视[练习] 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空或翻译。1). they were observed ______ (enter) the bank then.2). keynes _______ _______ (观察到) humans fall into two classes. keys: 1). entering  2). observed that4. respect vt.&n. 尊敬；尊重；重视 [典例]1). if you don’ t respect yourself, how can you expect others to respect you? 自己不自重, 又怎能受到别人尊重呢? 2). i have the greatest respect for you. 我非常尊敬您。 [重点用法]respect sb. for sth. 因某事而尊敬某人 have / show respect for sb./sth. 尊敬某人/事gain/get/earn/win the respect of sb. 赢得某人的尊敬 out of respect 出于尊敬[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). the new officer soon ________ (赢得) the respect of his men.2). i ________ you ________ (因某事而尊敬) your honesty.3). i have great respect _______ (介词) his ideas, although i don’ t agree with them.keys: 1). won/earned  2). respect; for 3). for5. argue vt.&vi. 讨论；辩论；争论 argument n.[c]争论；争辩；争吵 [典例]1). don’ t argue with your mother. 不要和母亲争辩。2). i argued that we needed a larger office. 我据理力争我们需要大些的办公室。[重点用法]argue for (sb./sth.)为(某人/某事)而辩护  argue against (sb./sth.) 反对某人/某事)而辩护argue with sb. ( about/over sth.) 与某人(为某事)而争吵 argue that... 主张……argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 通过争论使某人做/不做某事 have an argument about/over sth. 辩论某事 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的介词或翻译。1). we ______ ______ ______ ______ (说服她加入) us.2). we argued _______ the waiter _______ the price ______ the meal. keys: 1). argued her into joining 2). with; about; of 6. support vt.&n. 支持；拥护；支撑；赡养；给予帮助﹑ 同情等的人[典例]1). is this bridge strong enough to support heavy lorries? 这座桥禁得住重型卡车通行吗?2). he was weak with hunger, so i had to support him. 他饿得没有力气, 我得搀着他。[重点用法]support sb./ a family 支持某人/ 赡养家庭  support sb. in (doing) sth. 在（做）某事方面支持某人support sb. by (doing) sth. 通过做某事支持某人 in support of sb/sth 支持或支援某人/事物support oneself 自力更生 give support to sb. 支持、支援某人[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). will you support me _______ (介词) my campaign for election?2). jim was a great support _______ (介词) them when their father died.3). 我求学期间由父母供养。___________________________________________________________________________keys: 1). in 2). to 3). i was supported by my parents when i was studying.7. intend vt. 计划；打算 intention n. 意图，意向，目的[典例]1). i hear they intend to marry/intend marrying. 听说他们要结婚了。2). i intend you to take over. 我打算让你来接管。[重点用法]intend to do/doing sth. = mean to do sth. 打算做某  sth. be intended for (某物)是为而准备的intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事   intend sth. as/to be 打算让某物作……用 intend that... 打算……[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). this book is ______ ______ ______ (是为初学者写的).2). was that remark intended _______ (介词) a joke? 3). i didn’ t intend her ______ (see) the painting until it was finished. keys: 1). intended for 2). as 3). to see8. deliver vt.接生(小孩)，递送，发表(演说) delivery n. 投递 deliverer 递送者，交货人[典例]1). the baby was delivered in a clinic. 孩子是在一个医疗站接生的。2). comrade yang delivered the opening speech. 杨同志致开幕词。[重点用法]deliver a baby 接生小孩；生小孩 delivere sth. to ...... 把某物送到…… express delivery快递  on delivery 送达时，货到时[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1). some new books have ______ (deliver) ______ (介词) the schoo1.2). the actor _______ his speech _______ (介词) a soft voice. keys: 1). been delivered; to 2). delivered/gave; in v 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1. look down upon/on蔑视；瞧不起[典例]1). she looks down on people who＂ve never been to university. 她瞧不起没上过大学的人。2). you can’ t look down upon a person because he is poor. 你不能因为某个人穷而瞧不起他。[重点用法] look短语：look on sb./ sth. as = consider sb./ sth. as把某人看作 look on 袖手旁观 look into sth. 调查或观察某事物 look up 查阅(单词、资料)；向上看 look (sb.) up and down 上下打量(某人)  look out for sb/sth警惕或留心某人/物[练习] 根据句子的意思在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). he was ______ ______ ______ (被人看不起) because of his humble background. 2). he is ______ ______ _______ (被认为是) the leading authority on the subject. 3). if you want to know how a word is used, ______it ______ in a dictionary.keys: 1). looked down on 2). looked on as 3). look; up 2. refer to 谈到；查阅；参考；查询；提及；指……而言 [典例] 1). we agreed never to refer to the matter again. 我们同意不再谈这件事了。 2). she thought i was referring to her daughter when we were talking. 当我们谈话时她以为我指的是她的女儿。[重点用法]refer to sb./sth. as 把某人/物称作  refer sth./sb. to 把某事提交；让某人向……求助 [练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). although she didn’ t mention any names, everyone knew who she was ______ ______(指). 2). he gave the speech _______ _______ _______ (没有参阅) his notes. 3). he likes to _______ _______ _______ _______ (被称为) ＂doctor khee＂. 4). my doctor referred me _______ (介词) a hospital specialist.keys: 1). referring to 2). without referring to  3). be referred to as 4). to 3. come across = run across = meet by chance (偶然) 遇见；碰见[典例] 1). i came across an old school friend in oxford street this morning. 今天早上我在牛津大街碰见一位老校友。2). she came across some old photographs in a drawer. 她在抽屉里偶然发现一些旧照片。[短语归纳] come短语：come about = happen 发生   come from 来自come out 出现；开花；出版或发表；透露；显出  come up 升起；发生；出现come up with sth 找到或提出（答案﹑办法等）[练习] 用come短语的适当形式填空。1). i _______ _______ some new words while reading. 2). his new book will _______ _______ next month.3). she _______ _______ _______ a new idea for increasing sales.4). can you tell me how the accident _______ _______?5). how did it _______ _______ that he knew where we were?keys: 1). came across 2). come out 3). came up with 4). came about 5). came about4. carry on 继续；坚持[典例] 1). carry on (working/with your work) while i＂m away. 我不在的时候, 要继续做工作。2). they decided to carry on in spite of the weather. 他们决定不管天气好坏都坚持。 [短语归纳] carry短语：carry on (doing sth/with sth.) 继续(做)某事  carry out 贯彻，执行carry out a plan/orders/instructions执行计划/命令/指示  carry sth through 成功地完成某事物carry about随身携带   carry away运走, 使失去自制力[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或carry短语。1). they decided to _______ _______ in spite of the weather. 2). extensive tests have _______ _______ _______ on the patient. 3). it is a difficult job but she’ s the person to carry it _______. 4). don’ t blame me. i’ m only _______ _______ my orders.keys: 1). carry on 2). been carried out on 3). through 4). carrying out 5. live/lead a... life 过着……的生活[典例] they live a peaceful life. 他们过着平静的生活。[短语归纳] ＂v. + 同源宾语＂结构：smile a... smile 露出……微笑   dream a... dream 做了个……的梦  sleep a... sleep 睡个……觉 sing a... song 唱……的歌die a... death ……怎样地死去   fight a... battle 打……的仗laugh a... laugh 发出……方式的笑声[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). we are living happily. = we are living _______ _______ _______. 2). _______ _______ _______ _______ (多么艰辛的生活) they lived! 3). i _______ _______ _______ _______ (做了个美梦) last night.keys: 1). living a happy life 2). what a hard life 3). dreamed/had a beautiful dream vi 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）1. watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day.()[解释] 动名词做主语的用法：动名词做主语往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作(在口语中也可以表示具体的动作)。如： seeing is believing. 眼见为实。 / helping her is my duty. 帮助她是我的责任。动名词作主语时，句子有两种形式：①动名词直接置于句首主语的位置上。如：1). playing tricks on others is something we should never do. 捉弄别人是我们万万不能干的。2). talking is easier than doing. 说比做容易。②用it作形式主语，把真正的主语——动名词结构移置句尾。但这种句子形式有一定的限制，作表语的只能是某些形容词或少数名词，如: it is useless/worth/no good/no use/no sense doing sth.等，如：1). it is useless trying to argue with shylock. 和夏洛克争辩是没有什么用的。2). it’ s no sense arguing with her. 和她争吵没有意思。动名词短语作主语时的谓语动词用单数形式：learning new words is very important for me. 学习新单词对我来说非常重要。[练习] 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1). talking _______ (mend) no holes. 2). _______ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. 3). is it any good _______ (try) to explain?keys: 1). mends 2). walking 3). trying 2. only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 她母亲头几个月来帮过她的忙，这才使她得以考虑自己的计划。[解释] 以＂only+状语(通常是副词、介词短语或从句)＂开头的句子要用部分倒装，即将助动词或连系动词置于主语之前，如：1). only after my friend came was the computer repaired. 只有在我的朋友来后电脑才修好。2). only when you pointed it out for me did i realize that i was wrong. 只有当你帮我指出来了我才意识到我错了。注意：如果以＂only+主语＂开头的句子不用倒装，如：1). only we can help ourselves. 只有我们能帮自己。2). only tom failed in the exam. 只有汤姆考试不及格。[练习] 用倒装句型翻译句子。1). 只有用这种方法我们才能把英语学得更好。_______________________________________________________________________________ 2). 只有当你看了说明后你才知道怎么使用这台机器。_______________________________________________________________________________keys: 1). only in this way can we learn english better. 2). only after you read the instructions do you know how to use the machine.3. she also worked hard to make as many countries as possible agree not to use them. 她努力劝说尽可能多的国家同意不使用它们（地雷）。[解释] as...as possible = as... as one can ＂尽可能＂，第一个as可接adj./adv. 或 many/few + n.(pl.) 或much/little + n.[u]，如：1). be as kind to her as possible / you can. 对她尽可能和蔼些。2). do your homework as carefully as possible / you can. 做作业尽可能地细心。3). read as many useful books as possible / you can. 看尽可能多的书。[练习] 翻译句子。1). 在写作中，你应该尽量少犯错误。__________________________________________________________________________________2). 为了养活一大家人，他卖力工作尽力多挣钱。__________________________________________________________________________________keys: 1). you should make as few mistakes as you can in your writing. 2). in order to support a large family, he worked hard to earn as much money as possible.二、课文要点1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：jane goodall, 1 had intended to work with animals in their own 2 （环境）since her childhood, went to africa and devoted herself to 3 （study）the behavior of chimps. it was tough but she considered it as a 4 （有价值的）career. through her study, we learned much more about chimps. she argued that the life of these animals should 5 （respect）and they should be left in the wild and not used 6 entertainment. besides, she was very 7 （consider）of these animals. now, she has 8 （实现）every thing she wanted to do, which 9 （激励）those who want to cheer the 10 （成就）of women.答案: 1. who 2.environment 3. studying 4.worthwhile 5. be respected 6. for 7.considerate 8.achieved 9.inspired 10.achievements2课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。这一篇文章给我们介绍了黑猩猩家庭，这使我们认识到，黑猩猩家族的关联就像人类的家庭那么坚固。jane goodall的努力，以及她关于保护黑猩猩的观点使她取得了不少成就。 this passage introduces _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：this passage introduces the groups of chimps to us, which made us realize that the bone of a chimp family is as strong as that of a human’s. jane goodall’s efforts and her opinion on the protection of the chimps made her achieved a lot.  3课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）1.【原句】following jane’s way of studying chimps, our group are all going to visit them in the forest. 跟着简研究黑猩猩的路线，我们团队都去森林中探望他们。[模仿要点] 句子结构 现在分词，+主句【模仿1】听取老师的意见，我在英语学习上取得了快速进步。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：following the teacher’s advice, i made rapid progress in english learning. 【模仿2】按照指南，你一定会解决这问题。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：following the instruction, you will surely solve the problem. 2 【原句】only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project. 只有在她的母亲来帮助她的头几个月，才让她开始她的计划。[模仿要点] 句子结构：only +状语（主句要倒装）【模仿1】只有当您不遗余力你能取得重大进展。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：only when you spare no effort can you make great progress.【模仿2】只有当我们认识到我们生活环境的重要性，我们才能意识到保护环境就是保护我们的家。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：only when we came to realize the importance of our living environment can we be aware of the fact that preserving nature is preserving our home.三、单元自测 1完形填空 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—30各题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。词数：221完成时间：14分钟难度：*** i consider myself something of an expert on apologies. a quick temper has provided me with plenty of opportunities to make them. in one of my earliest 21 , my mother is telling me, ＂don＂t watch the 22 when you say, ＂i＂m sorry＂.hold your head up and look at the person in the 23 , so he＂ll know you mean it.＂ my mother thus made the key point of a successful apology: it must be direct. you must never 24 to be doing something else. you do not look through a pile of letters while apologizing to a person 25 in position after blaming him or her for a mistake that turned out to be your fault. you do not apologize to a hostess, whose guest of honor you treat 26 , by sending, flowers the next day without mentioning your bad manners. one of the important things you should do for an effective apology is readiness to 27 the responsibility for our careless mistakes. we are used to making excuses, which leaves no 28 for the other person to forgive us. since most people are open-hearted, the no-excuse apology leaves both parties feeling 29 about themselves. that, after all, is the purpose of every apology. it 30 little whether the apologizer is wholly or only partly at fault: answering for one＂s actions encourages others to take their share of the blame. 21. a. dreams b. courses  c. memories  d. ideas 22. a. side b. ground  c. wall  d. bottom 23. a. mind  b. soul  c. face  d. eye 24. a. pretend  b. forget c. refuse  d. expect 25. a. poorer  b. weaker  c. worse  d. lower 26. a. cruelly  b. freely c. roughly  d. foolishly 27. a. raise  b. perform  c. admit  d. bear 28. a. situation  b. need  c. sign  d. room 29. a. wiser  b. warmer  c. better  d. cleverer 30. a. cares  b. matters c. depends  d. remains答案：本文阐述了一个观点，道歉要真诚，要敢于承担责任，同时也批评了一些＂假＂道歉的行为。 21．选c． 紧接着的就是作者回忆出来的内容。 22．选b． 与后面提到的＂要抬起头＂正好相反。 23．选d． 道歉时看着对方的眼睛，以示真诚，在这一点上中西方是一样的。 24．选a． 根据上下文得知，道歉时要诚恳，不能假装着做别的事。所以这儿要用＂pretend＂。 25．选d． 职位一般论要用＂高、低＂来衡量。不用b项＂强弱 ＂和a项＂贵贱＂ 26．选c． roughly此处表示对待客人不礼貌，服务不到位。 27．选d． bear the responsibility承担责任。 28．选d． leave no room不留余地。 29．选c． better表示＂心情更舒畅＂未找借口的道歉，即真诚的道歉，对方的感觉一定很好。 30．选b．道歉者是全部还是部分承担责任这些都不太重要：关键是为所作所为主动负责，这也能促使别人共同承担责任。2. 语法填空阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。词数：180完成时间：9分钟难度：*** mr vincent was tired of living in the big city where he worked. he wanted to move to the country and 31 (live) in a house from which he could get to his office in the city early every day. he was looking for a house 32 he saw an ad in a newspaper one day. the ad said that a suitable house in a quiet area was up for sale at a 33 (reason) price, and the house was 34 a stone＂s throw of a railway station 35 which there were frequent trains to the big city.  ＂that＂s exactly 36 i need.＂ mr. vincent said to 37 . so he called the house agency and arranged to go down by train 38 next day to have a look at the house. the house agency met him at the station and they started walking. 39 took them at least 15 minutes to get to the house. 40 they reached, mr. vincent said angrily, ＂i should be very interested to meet the man who threw the stone you mentioned in the newspaper.＂答案 31．live 32．until 33．reasonable 34．within 35．from 36．what 37．himself 38．the 39．it 40．when 31．live，and连接两个动词不定式短语做wanted的宾语： 32．until，考查until引导的时间状语从句. 33．reasonable，reason的形容词是加后缀-able，表＂合理的＂： 34．within，介词＂在……之内＂- 35．from，介词from加关系代词which引导限制性定语从句。 36．what，由what引导的名词性从句作表语： 37．himself，say to oneself表＂自言自语＂： 38.  the  39．it，it takes somebody some time to do something句型，其中作it形式主语： 40．when，考查由when引导的时间状语从句：3.阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。词数：315完成时间：7分钟难度：*** washington: a research conducted at the university of maryland looks at the numerous complex reasons as to why young children decide to include or exclude (排斥) other kids from their group of friends. it suggests that the kids＂ decision-making process is much more complex than previously believed. ＂they take into account group information, ranging from cliques (小圈子) and networks, when deciding what makes a group work well. sometimes kids are excluded because they lack social skills, but a lot of time it has nothing to do with that. instead it has to do with what we refer to as ＂group membership＂ such as gender, race, nation, and culture,＂ says professor melanie killen, the associate director of the centre for children relationships and culture at maryland, who led the 4-year project. reporting their findings in the journal, the researcher said whatever was the reason, inpiduals who experienced pervasive (普遍的) long-term exclusion from the group of friends suffered from depression, anxiety and loneliness. the study looked at two models to define how children make decisions regarding acceptance of other kids in their group -- the inpidual social deficit model and the inter-group social cognition (认同) model. while the former says that children＂s rejection occurs due to social deficits like shyness, wariness or fearfulness, the latter says that it happens because of group dynamics, prejudice and exclusion. it was also found that the age of children was also a factor that influenced their decisions regarding other kids＂ acceptance as friends. ＂with age, kids become more aware of group dynamics, conventions, customs, and rituals. with this comes a greater concern about group functioning, which can lead to exclusion which can be negative from a social justice viewpoint,＂ says killen. the researcher believes that her study may have many benefits, as it could provide insights into how to help when children are rejected by their peers.41. while making friends, kids think more about the following except _________. a. social skills  b. culture  c. race  d. gender42. the underlined word ＂deficit＂ in paragraph 5 may mean ＂_________＂. a. skill  b. relationship c. weakness  d. experience43. one of the major purposes of the research is to _________. a. tell the reader how to tell inclusion from exclusion b. remind children to be careful while making friends c. seek ways to help kids excluded by their peers d. stop the children belonging to the inter-group social cognition model44. while making friends, children exclude those of social deficit model to _________. a. keep their groups purer  b. make their groups more socially powerful  c. refuse other customs and cultures d. prove their groups to be strict45. the proper title for this passage is _________.a. techniques of making friends b. social communication among kids  c. making friends -- a special culture  d. kids＂ complex way of making friends答案：　　孩子怎样在社会上交友？可以将他们分成几种类型？它们的特点是什么？本文将回答这些问题。41. a。 细节理解题。根据第三段第二、三句可知：尽管孩子交友时有时排斥那些缺乏社会技巧的人，但是大多数时候是根据性别、种族、民族和文化等因素来确定的。42. c。 词义辨析题。本段最后一句对social deficits做了解释：诸如shyness, wariness or fearfulness，可见该词意思是指社会交往中的个性弱点。43. c。 细节理解题。可从最后一段得此答案。44. b。 综合理解题。第三段说social deficits型的孩子害羞、胆怯；倒数第二段说随着年龄的增长，他们会意识到group dynamics（团体力量）的重要性，而且越来越关心group functioning（团体的社会功能），由此可知b是正确答案。45. d。 标题归纳题。本文第一段第一句就提出了主题：孩子交友时的接纳与排斥给予很多复杂的原因，恰好与d的内容相符。而且后面各段都围绕此主题在分析原因。4.基础写作(共1小题，满分15分)  周笔畅宣布退出＂超女＂演唱会巡演，重返校园。有些学生认为她应该回校读书，有些学生则不以为然。如果你是她，你会选择退出还是留下?请根据以下表格的内容，以wise choice为题，为《英语广场》杂志写一篇英语短文。
　　看法
　　理由
　　应该回校读书1．演出花费太多的时间和精力2．不能集中精力学习3．对未来自身的发展不利
　　应该参加演出1．演出提供了一个展示才华的舞台2．丰富演出经验，有利于将来的音乐生涯3．不应使歌迷们失望 你的观点可以自由发挥。 [写作要求] 1．行文应连贯，内容应完整。 2．题目和开头语已经给出。 3．用5句话完成。 wise choice after the singing competition ＂super girls＂ voice＂, zhou bichang declared that she would quit the ＂super girls＂ tour and would go back to school studying. some students think her choice is wise...________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[答案] wise choice after the singing competition ＂super girls＂ voice＂, zhou bichang declared that she would quit the ＂super girls＂tour and would go back to school studying. some students think her choice is wise, they think the tour takes up too much time and energy. on the other hand, the others think it is unwise for her to quit the tour, they think that the performances offer a wonderful stage for her to show her singing talents in public. taking part in the tour can also make her gain more musical experience, which will contribute a lot to her future musical career, and, she should not let her fans disappointed. in my opinion, i think that if i were her, i would choose to quit the tour. anyway, learning at school is more important to one＂s life experience.
　　unit 2 working the land一、语言要点i单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
　　词汇
　　部分
　　词语
　　辨析1. expand / extend / spread / stretch 2. occupation / job / work / employment / career / profession词形变化1. hunger n.[u] 饥饿；欲望hungry adj. 饥饿的2. expand v.使变大；伸展expansion n.[u,c]扩大；扩展3. satisfy vt. 使某人满意达到要求；满足需要satisfied adj. 对……表示满意satisfactory/sarisfying adj. 令人满意的satisfaction n. 满意4. free adj.&adv.自由的(地)免费的(地) vt. 解放 freedom n.自由5. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备equipment n.[u] 装备；设备6. discover vt.发现，找到discovery n.被发现的事物，发现discoverer n. 发现者重点单词 1. struggle vi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力 2. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备 3. regret (regretted) vt. (对……)遗憾；惋惜 n.[c,u] 遗憾；惋惜4. reduce vt.&vi. 减少；减缩 5. focus vt.&vi. 集中(注意力)；聚焦 n.[c,u] 焦点；中心点6. comment vi.&vt. 表达意见；作出评论 n.[c,u] 评论；议论重点词组1. thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为 (有时作反语)2. rid sb./sth. of 使某人某物摆脱3. be satisfied with 对……表示满足或满意4. would rather 宁愿……5. build up 逐渐建立；逐渐增强体质；积累；开发6. lead to 导致；造成（后果）；通往7. keep...free from/of 使……免受(影响/伤害)；使……不含(有害物)
　　重点句子1. in 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.2. this special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.
　　重点语法v-ing 的基本用法（见语法部分）ii 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. expand / extend / spread / stretch【解释】 expand指向四面八方的扩大扩张extend 强调向某一方向的延长spread 指消息，疾病，瘟疫等的传播、蔓延，也指把某物铺开，把胳膊张开stretch 指手掌，手臂，腰，腿，颈由曲变直，由短变长的伸展或伸出，多与out连用 【练习】用expand，extend，spread，stretch的适当形式填空。1). the man _______ the information around. 2). the empire _______ its country in the 16th century. 3). the road builders worked hard to _______ the high way.4). she _______ out her hands to meet me.5). the project will _______ the city’ s telephone network to cover 1000000 users.keys: 1). spread 2). expanded 3). extend 4). stretch 5). expand2. occupation / job / work / employment / career / profession【解释】occupation指一个人经常担任的工作，不论是否领取工资。job非正式用语，指一份固定的赚钱工作，不论是否需要技术和特殊训练。work多用来指工作本身，平常我们每做一件事无论大小，都可以称为work。employment 指受雇于他人，领取工资谋生计，并且比较固定的工作。career 指职业、事业；指某种经过特殊训练而又为之献身的终身事业，带有崇高色彩。profession 指那些必须受到特殊教育及训练才可胜任，带有专业性质的工作，多为创造性的脑力劳动。【练习】用occupation，job，work，employment，career，profession的适当形式填空。1). she has a good ________ in the bank. 2). she is an architect by ________. 3). she abandoned her stage ________.4). graduates are finding it more and more difficult to find ________. 5). please write down your name, ________ and address here in the form.keys: 1). job 2). profession/occupation 3). career 4). employment 5). occupationiii 词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1. hunger n.[u] 饥饿；欲望hungry adj. 饥饿的2. expand v.使变大；伸展expansion n.[u,c]扩大；扩展3. satisfy vt. 使某人满意达到要求；满足需要satisfied adj. 对……表示满意satisfactory/sarisfying adj. 令人满意的satisfaction n. 满意4. free adj.&adv.自由的(地)免费的(地) vt. 解放 freedom n.自由5. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备equipment n.[u] 装备；设备6. discover vt.发现，找到discovery n.被发现的事物，发现discoverer n. 发现者【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1). in some poor african areas, many children died of ________ (hungry) every year. 2). the basic needs of the world population should ________ (satisfy) first. 3). the survey found that men got greater ________ (satisfy) from caring for their families than they did from work. 4). the rapid ________ (expand) of cities can cause social and economic problems. 5). we were told to keep all our sports ________ (equip) in the lockers downstairs. 6). the people there enjoy complete ________ (free) of speech. 7). the ________ (discover) of electricity was franklin.8). like many ________ (discover), atomic power can be used for good or evil. keys: 1). hunger 2). be sarisfied 3). satisfaction 4). expansion 5). equipment  6). freedom 7). discoverer 8). discoveries iv 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1. struggle vi.&n.斗争；拼搏；努力[典例] 1). they were struggling to get out the burning car. 他们挣扎着从烧着的车里往外爬。2). the book is about their struggle for liberation. 这本书写的是他们为解放而作的斗争。[词语归纳]struggle for 为……而斗争 struggle with / against与……作斗争struggle to do sth.努力做某事 straggle to one’ s feet挣扎着站起来a life-and-death struggle生死搏斗[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。1). they are ________ (为……而斗争) the position2). they struggled all through the years ______ us _______ the japanese.(介词)3). the fox struggled ________ (escape).4). he _______ _______ _______ _______ (挣扎着站起来) and dragged slowly ahead.keys: 1). struggling for  2). with; against 3). to escape 4). struggled to his feet2. equip vt.&vi. 配备；装备 equipment n.[u] 装备；设备[典例]1). they equipped themselves for the expedition. 他们为远征治装。2). a good education should equip you for life. 有良好的教育能受用终生。[重点用法]equip sb./sth. with 用……武装某人；用……装备某物 equip sb./sth. for 为……而武装某人；为……而装备某物 a piece of office equipment 一件办公设备[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。1). the soldiers were well _______ _______ (装备好了) weapons. 2). we must equip young teachers _______ _______ _______ (对付) difficult children. 3). this library is equipped _______ (介词) atomic research.4). our classroom _______ _______ _______ (装备有) a computer and a tape recorder.keys: 1). equipped with 2). to deal with 3). for 4). is equipped with 3. regret (regretted) vt. (对……)遗憾；惋惜 n.[c,u] 遗憾；惋惜[典例]1). if you go now, you’ ll regret it. 假若你现在就走, 一定得後悔。2). i regret to say the job has been filled. 十分抱歉, 那个工作已经有人做了。[重点用法]regret to say/tell/announce/inform 遗憾地说/告诉/宣布/通知 regret doing / having done sth. 后悔已做了某事  regret that 遗憾/后悔…[练习] 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空或翻译。1). i now regret _______ (leave) school so young. 2). _______ _______ _______ _______(非常抱歉), i am unable to accept your invitation.3). i regret _______ (inform) you that your contract will not be renewed. keys: 1). leaving / having done 2). much to my regret/to my great regret 3). to inform 4. reduce vt.&vi. 减少；减缩 reduction n.缩减，减少，降低 [典例]1). he reduced his weight from 98 to 92 kilos/by 6 kilos. 他把体重从98公斤减少到92公斤。2). the reform has reduced us to servants of the state. 这一改革把我们都降为公务员了。[重点用法]reduce sth (from...) to... 把某物从……减少到……  reduce sth. by... 减少多少[练习] 根据句子意思填入正确的介词。1). we must reduce our expenses ______ 300 yuan a month. 2). their output has been reduced ______ 10 percent.3). he reduced his weight ______ 6 kilos.keys: 1). to 2). by 3). by5. focus vt.&vi. 集中(注意力)；聚焦 n. [c,u] 焦点；中心点 [典例]1). focus your camera. 把照相机的焦距调准。2). her beauty makes her the focus of attention. 她长得漂亮, 很惹人注目。[重点用法]focus on集中于 focus (one’ s attention/mind/efforts) on集中(注意力/心思/精力)于[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。1). the focus of recent research has been _______ (介词) environmental issues. 2). all eyes _______ _______ (集中于) her.3). they focused their mind on ______ (do) the experiment. keys: 1). on  2). focussed on 3). doing6.comment vi.&vt. 表达意见；作出评论 n. [c, u] 评论；议论 [典例]1). the scandal caused a lot of comment. 这件丑闻遭到很多议论。2). ＂will you resign, minister?＂ ＂no comment!＂＂部长，你是要辞职吗?＂＂无可奉告。＂[重点用法]comment on/about sth./sb. 对某事/某人评论make comments/no comment on sth./sb. 对某事/某人评论/不进行评论[练习] 按要求填空或翻译。1). have you any comment(s) _______ (make) on the recent developments? 2). asked about the date of the election, the prime minister _______ _______ (发表意见) no decision had yet been made. 3). she was asked about the pay increase but _______ _______ _______ (不进行评论) on it.keys: 1). to make 2). commented that 3). made no comment v 重点词组 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1. thanks to 幸亏；由于；因为 (有时作反语) [典例]1). thanks to your help, much trouble was saved. 多亏你的帮助, 减少了许多麻烦。2). thanks to the bad weather, the match had been cancelled. 多亏这个倒霉天气, 比赛取消了。[重点用法]thanks to 相当于because of /owing to /due to /thanks to /on account of /as a result of 如：1). he was injured due to /owing to a car accident. 2). his failure is due to the fact that he lacks experience. 3). the train arrived late on account of /as a result of a heavy snow. 4). thanks to him, i’ m getting better and better . 5). it was thanks to your stupidity that we lost the game . [练习] 翻译句子。 1). 多亏了新的政策，我们现在过着幸福的生活。___________________________________________________________________________ 2). 多亏了他的忠告我才得以成功。(用强调句) ___________________________________________________________________________3). 由于交通堵塞我迟到了。___________________________________________________________________________keys: 1). thanks to the new policy, we are now having a happy life. 2). it was thanks to his advice that i succeeded. 3). i was late thanks to the traffic jam. 2. rid sb./sth. of... 使某人/某物摆脱…… [典例]1). many people are working hard to rid the world of famine. 很多人在努力使世界不再有饥荒。2). the dentist rid him of the pain by taking out his bad tooth. 牙科医生把他的坏牙拔掉，使他免除痛苦。 [重点用法] rid 短语：be rid of 摆脱  get rid of 摆脱；除掉；去掉rid a house of mice 清除室内老鼠 rid oneself of debt 还清债务[类似用法动词]inform/ warn/ cure sb. of… 通知/警告/治愈某人……[练习] 翻译填空。1). he struggled to _______ _______ _______ (使自己摆脱) his guilt.2). the proposals are an attempt to _______ _______ _______ (使国家清除) political corruption.3). he was a boring nuisance! i’ m glad to _______ _______ _______ (摆脱他的纠缠) him.4). i still can’ t _______ _______ _______ (摆脱) my cold.5). the sales manager asked his men to _______ _______ _______ (通知) everything concerning the sales in time.6). the passengers ______ _______ _______ (警告) the danger of unsteady landing.keys: 1). rid himself of 2). rid the country of 3). be rid of 4). get rid of 5). inform him of 6). are warned of3. be satisfied with = be content with 对……表示满足或满意[典例]1). i was not satisfied with the result. 我对那个结果感到不满意。2). you’ve done well at school. i’m very satisfied with you. 你在学校干得不错，我对你很满意。[重点用法]sth. satisfy sb. 某事使某人满意 sb. is satisfied sth. 对……表示满足或满意be satisfied to do 对做……感到满意 be satisfied that clause 对做……感到满意a satisfied smile 满意的微笑 a satisfied customer 感到满意的顾客feel a sense of satisfaction感到满足感 to sb’ s / sth’ s satisfaction 使某人满意的是far from satisfactory 远远不能令人满足 it is satisfying (to do sth) 做某事是令人满意的a satisfactory explanation / performance令人满意的解释/演出get/obtain/derive satisfaction from one’ s work 从自己的工作中得到满足[练习] 根据句子意思用satisfy 的适当形式填空。1). i am not ________ (satisfy) with your work. you must improve it. 2). the result doesn’ t ________ (satisfy) me. 3). what he has done is far from ________ (satisfy).4). he hung up the phone, ________ (satisfy) with a smile on his face.5). it can be very ________ (satisfy) to work in the garden.6). finance officials expressed ________ (satisfy) with the recovery of the dollar.keys: 1). satisfied 2). satisfy 3). satisfactory 4). satisfied 5). satisfying 6). satisfaction4. would rather 宁愿……[典例]1). i’ d rather walk than take a bus. 我愿意走路而不愿意坐公共汽车。2). ＂some more wine?＂ ＂thank you, i’ d rather not. i have to drive home.＂＂再来一点酒好吗?＂＂不要了，我不能再喝了。 我还得开车回家呢。＂[重点用法]would rather do a (than do b) = would (prefer to) do a (rather than do b) 宁愿做甲事(而不做乙事)  would rather sb. did sth.宁愿某人做某事[练习] 用所给词的适当形式填空或翻译。1). i would rather you ________ (know) now, than afterwards.2). rather than ________ (ride) on a crowded bus, i prefer ________ (walk). 3). 她宁可死也不愿失去孩子们。____________________________________________________________________________________keys: 1). knew 2). ride; to walk 3). she’ d rather die than lose the children. 5. build up 逐渐建立；逐渐增强体质；积累；开发[典例]1). you need more protein to build you up. 你需要增加蛋白质以增强体质。2). he is now trying to build up a fine reputation. 他正在努力逐步赢得好的声誉。[练习] 翻译填空。1). slowly a thick layer of fat ________ ________ (越聚越多) on the pan’ s surface.2). exercise will help ________ ________ (增强) the muscles. 3). they have finally ________ ________ (建立) a big company.keys: 1). builds up 2). build up 3). built up 6. lead to 导致；造成（后果）；通往[典例] 1). this misprint led to great confusion. 这个印刷错误造成很大的混淆。2). his actions could lead to him losing his job. 他的行为有可能会导致他丢了工作。[短语归纳] lead短语：lead sb. to 把某人带到   lead sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事lead sb. in doing sth. 领导/带领某人做某事  lead to sb. doing sth. 导致某人做某事[练习] 根据句子意思填空或按要求填空。1). the events ________ ________ the start of the first world war.2). what led him ________ (kill) his wife? 3). he had led everyone ________ (believe) that his family was very wealthy.4). our research led us ________ (介词) the conclusion that the present system is unfair.5). too much work and too little rest often _______ _______ illness.6). he will lead the party of scientists ________ (do) the research. 7). failure often lies in laziness while hard work _ ________ success.8). the driver’ s carelessness ________ ________ the serious traffic accident.keys: 1). led to 2). to kill 3). to believe 4). to 5). leads to 6). in doing 7). leads to 8). led to / resulted in 7. keep...free from/of = protect sb./sth. from... 使……免受(影响/伤害)；使……不含(有害物) [典例] 1). we should keep ourselves free from drugs. 我们应该远离毒品。2). i hope you will keep yourself free from tobacco and alcohol. 我希望你不抽烟不喝酒。[练习] 根据句子意思填空。1). we’ ve managed to ________ the garden ________ ________weeds this year.2). relaxation exercises can ________ your body ________ ________ tension.keys: 1). keep; free of 2). keep; free of vi 重点句子 （旨在提供句子结构等所需材料）1. in 1974, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output. 1974年，他成了世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先锋。 [解释] 不定式放在表示次序的词the first, the last, the best以及the only, the very, the right等词后面, 且这些词与动词不定式有逻辑上的主谓关系，结构为：the first/last/best/right/only/very/... + n. + to do sth.第一个/最后一个/最好的一个/合适的/唯一的/恰好的……做某事的人/物，如：1). he is always the first (student) to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个来和最后一个离开的（学生）。2). the last man to leave the sinking ship was the captain. 最后一个离开正在下沉的船的是船长。[练习] 根据句子意思填空。1). i think he is the right person ________ (tell) her about this.2). i’ d be the first ________ (admit) i might be wrong. keys: 1). to tell 2). to admit2. this special strain of rice makes it possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields. 这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获三分之一的产量。[解释] make it + 宾语补足语 + 动词不定式, it 做形式宾语,动词不定式是真正的宾语，有时真正的宾语是从句。常和动词consider/think/make/find/believe/declare/feel/guess/imagine/prove等连用。如：he felt it his duty to take good care of them. 他感觉到好好照顾他们是他的责任。再如：1). the bad weather makes it impossible for us to go for a picnic.2). we make it a rule to do some english practice before class.3). tom found it very embarrassing to be reminded of the long-standing debt.4). do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin?[练习] 翻译句子。1). 我们觉得支持好的领导是我们的职责。 ___________________________________________________________________________2). 我记得我想你讲清楚我不会来的。 ___________________________________________________________________________keys: 1). we consider it our duty to support good leaders. 2). i remember i made it clear to you that i was not coming.二、课文要点1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：yuan longping, the father of­­ 1 (超级杂交稻), is a famous scientist. he has 2 (奋斗)for the past five 3 (十年) for the chinese farmers. in 1953 when dr yuan graduated from college, 4 (hungry) was a disturbing problem in many parts of the countryside. ____5____, yuan wanted to help ___6__(摆脱)his motherland of hunger by increasing the rice output without 7 (expand) the area of the fields and he made it. dr yuan’s another dream is to 8 (出口) his rice to the world. thanks 9 dr yuan, the un has more tools in the battle against hunger ____10____the world.答案: 1.super hybrid rice 2.struggled 3.decade 4.hunger 5.therefore 6. rid 7.expanding 8.export 9. to 10.throughout2课文大意概括 （旨在训练用30个单词概括大意的能力）阅读课文，试着用30来个单词概括课文大意或翻译下面短文。袁隆平是我国最著名的科学家之一，已经取得了伟大成就，通过培植超级杂交稻使世界消除饥饿。不过，他不在乎名利和金钱，过着贫穷的生活。__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________答案：yuan longping, one of china’s most famous scientists, has made great achievements in ridding the world of hunger by growing super hybrid rice . however, he cares little about fame and money and enjoys leading a poor life. 3课文佳句背诵与仿写 （旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）1.【原句】indeed, his sunburnt face and arms and his slim, strong body are just like those of millions of chinese farmers, for whom he has struggled for the past five decades. 事实上，他黑黝黝的脸和胳膊和他的苗条，强壮的身体就像那些数以百万计的中国农民的一样，在过去50年来他一直为他们而奋斗。[模仿要点] 句子结构： 主句，+ 介词+which 引导的定语从句【模仿1】在学校里，他学习许多科目，如中文，数学，英语，物理，化学，计算机等，其中他最喜欢英语。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：at school, he studies many subjects, such as chinese, maths, english, physics, chemistry, computer and so on, of which he likes english best.【模仿2】他有许多爱好，如打篮球，读小说，唱英语歌曲，集邮，他最喜欢收集邮票。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：he has various of hobbies, such as playing basketball, reading novels, singing english songs, collecting stamps, of which he likes collecting stamps best. 2．【原句】dr yuan longping grows what is called super hybrid rice.袁隆平博士种植被称之为高产量的杂交水稻。[模仿要点] 句子结构：主句+what/whatever 引导的宾语从句 【模仿1】学生喜欢生活中如何新的东西。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：students enjoy whatever is new in their life.【模仿2】通过考试，学生可以了解他们的弱点从而更加努力学习。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：through exams, students will learn what their weak points are and then study even harder.3. 【原句】born into a poor farmer’s family in 1930, dr yuan graduated from southwest agricultural college in 1953. 1930年出生于一个贫穷的农民家庭，，袁博士于1953年毕业于西南农业大学。[模仿要点] 句子结构： 过去分词作状语，+ 主句【模仿1】配备了电子词典，学生觉得学习英语更容易和更方便了。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：equipped with electronic dictionaries, students find learning english much easier and more convenient.【模仿2】位于城市的中心地带，这座公园给市民带来很多享受。_______________________________________________________________________________答案：located in the centre of the city, the park provides much enjoyment to the citizens.三、单元自测 1.完形填空阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—30各题所给的a、b、c和d项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。字数：173完成时间：13分钟难度：*** parents usually have the test intentions when it comes to making sure their kids are growing up healthy. but it can be a 21 , especially with a picky eater or a child who 22 videogames to playing outdoors. the reality is that exhausted and overworked parents often 23 making food choices based on 24 -- serving the meal that＂s most appealing, not necessarily the most nutritious, or 25 it in front of a tv. such habits take a toll. last year, the international obesity task force 26 that more than 35 percent of american children ranging from 6 to 17 exceed- ed their ideal body weight, which can 27 to serious long-term health problems like heart disease and diabetes (糖尿病), as well as 28 and low self-esteem (自尊). good health choices can also 29 a long way -- not just toward physical health, but mental health and intellectual success, too. researchers at the medical college of georgia found last year that kids who play vigorously (精神旺盛地) for 20 to 40 minutes actually do 30 in school and are happier.21. a. coincidence  b. challenge  c. difficulty d. puzzle22. a. prefers  b. devotes  c. contributes  d. addicts23. a. start with  b. insist on  c. object to  d. end up24. a. nutrition b. menu  c. convenience  d. preference25. a. offering  b. showing  c. having  d. sharing26. a. predicted  b. estimated  c. valued d. proclaimed27. a. stick  b. tend  c. see  d. lead28. a. oppression  b. desperation  c. depression  d. repression29. a. come  b. go  c. find  d. extend30. a. better  b. faster  c. more  d. earlier答案：21. b。 考查语境理解。＂父母希望孩子健康成长，特别对挑食者或喜欢游戏而不喜欢户外运动的孩子来说，是一个挑战。＂22. a。 考查语境与动词短语。prefer … to …, ＂喜欢……胜过……＂；devote…to… ＂投身于＂；contribute…to…＂对……做出贡献＂； addict to… ＂沉迷于……＂。23. d。 考查语境理解。start with ＂以……开始＂; insist in坚持；object to反对；end up以……结束. ＂疲惫不堪、工作过度的父母们最终根据便利性做出食物选择＂。24. c。 考查语境理解。nutrition 营养； menu 菜单.；convenience 方便、便利； preference偏爱。25. a。 考查语境理解。offer提供，＂在看电视节目时父母主动提供食物＂。26. b。 考查语境理解。6-7岁的美国孩子中35%以上孩子超出了他们的理想体重。27. d。 考查语境理解。stick to坚持； tend to趋向；see to注意、负责； lead to导致。28. c。 考查语境理解。引起的健康问题是depression（沮丧、消沉），与后面的low self-esteem（自尊心低下）并列。 desperation 绝望disappointment失望。29. b。 考查语境理解。良好的健康选择任重道远。extend延伸。30. a。 考查语境理解。从后面的happier可知，应用比较级。尽情玩20-40分钟的孩子在校的表现更好。2. 语法填空（共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。字数：156完成时间：8分钟难度：*** even in china today, most 31 (ability) teenagers have to go to special schools to receive 32 education. i know people are trying to give them more help, comfort and care, 33 i don＂t quite agree with such idea. disabled people＂s life is difficult and frustrating. 34 we should give them a hand in their normal life. but despite their disability, they＂re complete. they have their own thoughts and feelings, we can＂t say disability will limit a person＂s life. so it＂s necessary for them to study 35 (independent) and equally just as normal people. if they 36 (ask) to go to the special school, they will probably treat themselves 37 special, unlucky people. that will make them 38 (lose) hope.  39 the disabled people need the most is confidence and dignity. most of them hate 40 feeling that they always need others＂ help. they just want to prove themselves as we do. in a word, help is essential, but we should give the disabled more inpidual space.答案：31．disabled 32．their 33．but 34．so 35．independently 36．are asked 37．as 38．lose 39．what 40．the 31．disabled．用形容词修饰teenagers， 意为＂大多数残疾的青少年＂ 32．their.意为＂大多数残疾的青少年去特殊学校接受他们的教育＂： 33．but . 根据前文i know．．．和后文i don＂t quite agree…可知此处是转折关系： 34．so．根据disabled people＂s life is difficult and frustrating可知是因果关系，＂因此我们要帮助他们＂： 35．independently ．用副词修饰动词study： 36．are asked．＂如果他们被要求去特殊学校＂故用被动语态，if引导条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来： 37．as．习惯搭配treat sb．as…将某人当作，．．看待。 38．lose．＂make sb+do＂句型中用省略to的不定式作宾补： 39．what. 主语从句 the disabled people need the most中need缺少宾语，只能用what引导主语从句； 40．the．后用定语从句that they always need others’help，修饰名词，则该名词前有the表特指：3. 信息匹配 请阅读下列应用文和相关信息，从所给的选项a、b、c、d、e和f中按照要求匹配信息。 首先，请阅读下列有关颜色偏好和性格的关系的应用文：a. gold according to the true colors system people who choose gold as their primary color like to fit in or to belong. they tend to be reliable people who enjoy serving others and things like traditions. home is very important to them. they need order and structure. they don＂t like waste or change.b. orange people who choose orange as their primary color need a lot of variety and freedom. they take pride in being highly skilled. they enjoy ＂hand-on＂ work and often are good in a crisis. they are risk takers, seek challenges.c. yellow people who choose yellow as their primary color are curious about everything, and they are confident and knowledgeable. they love sports very much and they work high efficiently.d. green people who choose green as their primary color are competent and want to control the realities of life. they are analytical and enjoy solving problems and developing systems. they love intelligence and logic. they are often critical of themselves and others.e. blue people who choose blue as their primary color enjoy close relationships. harmony and integrity(诚实)are very important. these people are often very creative or they enjoy the creative work of others.f. red people who choose red as their primary color are always full of vigour (活力 ) and they tend to be confident all the time. it seems like they are ready to do anything and they will be successful. and they have a strong desire of power. 请阅读以下根据员工性格来促进工作效率的方法的信息，然后匹配上面的信息。41. creating a warm and personal working atmosphere; establishing a peaceful working environment and trying to avoid conflicts; allowing them the freedom to express their felling praising their creative approach to the job; praising them with their good jobs.42. assigning work which needs detailed planning; defining the tasks in clear terms; providing a stable work environment and avoiding sudden change; giving standard rules and regulations and set a good examples; praising them with their good jobs.43. assigning work which needs analytical thinking and problem-solving; encouraging them to think independently and taking their ideas to the next step; praising them with their good jobs.44. assigning work which is action-packed, providing opportunities to be skillful and adventurous; allowing them the freedom to the job in their own ways; praising them with their good jobs.45. assigning work which needs full energy; providing opportunities for job competition; if he does well, letting him know he is very likely to get promotion; praising them with their good jobs.答案：41. e [解析] ＂enjoy close relationships, harmony＂ 与 ＂creating a warm and personal working atmosphere, establishing a peaceful working environment and trying to avoid conflicts＂ 相呼应 ＂these people are often very creative＂ 与 ＂praising their creative approach to the job＂相呼应。42. a [解析] ＂like to fit in or to belong＂, ＂don＂t like waste or change＂ 与 ＂providing a stable work environment and avoiding sudden change＂相呼应。43. d [解析] ＂they are analytical and enjoy solving problems and developing systems.＂ -与 ＂assigning work which needs analytical thinking and problem-solving＂相呼应44. b [解析] ＂take pride in being highly skilled＂, ＂risk takers, seek challenges＂ 与 ＂providing opportunities to be skillful and adventurous＂ 相呼应45. f [解析] ＂full of vigour＂ 与 ＂assigning work which needs full energy＂相呼应＂tend to be confident all the time＂ 与 ＂providing opportunities for job competition＂相呼应4.读写任务 阅读下面的对话，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。linda: how was your trip to hengshan during your summer vacation?joanna: oh, it＂s great. you ought to go there some day if you haven＂t been there already.linda: well, what do you think is the best time to go to hengshan?joanna: mm, it＂s very crowded there in summer. and it＂s too cold to go there in winter, so i wouldn＂t suggest the winter season, either. besides, we can＂t afford the time when school is in session. so i would say the best time is the first few days of the summer break when people haven＂t started doing anything yet.linda: i see. how long does the whole trip take, including the time on the road?joanna: it all depends, really. if you go there by train, four days should be enough. you can also take a bus, which takes a longer time and is less comfortable, but as an exchange, you＂ll be able to enjoy lots of country scenes and perhaps you＂ll save some money, too.linda: that sounds good. if i can afford the time, i think i＂ll take the bus. do you think i should go by myself, or take a package tour with a travel agency?joanna: it is hard to say which is better, you know.linda: anyway, thank you very much for all the information.[写作内容] 你的英语老师在上英语说写课时，提供以上对话给你和同桌作为英语口语训练的材料。口语练习结束后，老师要求你根据上述对话话题写一篇关于了解自然环境的游历活动的英语短文。 1，以约30个词概括对话的要点。 2．然后以约120个词写一篇关于了解自然环境的游历活动的英语记叙文，并包括以下要点： (1)叙述你的关于了解自然环境的游历活动的经过； (2)谈谈你的感受。[写作要求] 1．作文中可使用自己的亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子；标题自定。 2．作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。[评分标准]概括准确，语言规范，内容合适，篇章连贯。[写作辅导] 1．写作有可能用到的主要短语和单词：山区the mountainous area，农村the countryside，风景区 scenic spot，原始森林natural thick forest,，灌木丛林the woods／the trees，国家森林公园 the national park ,田野the fields，牛cows，马horse，羊sheep，牲口群cattle． 2．本文的概要必须包含以下要点： how was your trip to hengshan during your summer vacation? / what do you think is the best time to go to hengshan? / how long does the whole trip take, including the time on the road?  3．本文要注意，概要一定要根据文段的时态来写。同时，绝对不能抄袭原文的句子。文章是叙述你的关于了解自然环境的游历活动的经过，属于某人的经历，故用一般过去时态。而谈谈你的感受，属于一般评论性的文字，故用一般现在时。____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________[答案] one of my travelling experiences in the dialogue, joanna describes her trip to hengshan during her summer vacation. she offers some advice to linda, including the best visiting time, the way of traveling and so on. i had such a touring experience of visiting the countryside last autumn. last sunday, my sister and i went to the countryside. as far as i ＂m concerned, autumn is the best time for going on a trip because the weather is neither too hot nor too cold. and autumn is the most pleasant season of the year. there, we could see some peasants busy getting in the crops in the fields, and others were picking fruits under the trees. not until that moment did we really realize what the famous saying ＂no pains, no gains.＂ means. it seemed as if we were wandering in a splendid world. i love autumn! i love the harvest time! to pursue my own good harvest in my study, i will spare no efforts to work hard.
　　unit 3 a taste of english humour一、语言要点i单元要点预览（旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点）
　　词汇
　　部分
　　词语
　　辨析1. especially / specially / particularly 2. common / usual / ordinary3. convince / persuade词形变化1. humour n. 幽默，诙谐humorous adj. 幽默的，诙谐的2. fortune n.(大量) 财产，大笔的钱；运气，命运fortunate adj.幸运的，侥幸的fortunately adv.幸运地，幸亏3. bore vt. 使厌烦；n. 令人讨厌的人(或事)bored adj.感到无趣的或单调的 boring adj.令人厌烦的，乏味的4. mouth n. 嘴，口mouthful n.一口；少量5. direct adj.直接的；坦率的 adv.直接地 vt.对准；指导direction n.方向[pl.]说明书；指引；指导director n.指导者，主管；董事；导演6. explain v. 讲解，解释explanation n.解释，说明，阐述重点单词 1. content vt. (使)满足；满意 n.[u]满足；内容；目录；adj.感到满足的 2. astonish vt. 使吃惊 3. entertain vt. 使欢乐；款待4. convince vt. 使信服；使确信5. direct vt.&vi.导演，指示，指挥 adj.直的，直接的，直率的 adv.径直地6. whisper v.&n. 耳语；私语；密谈重点词组1. badly off 过得很差；穷的；缺少的[做表语或定语]2. pick out 挑出；辨别出3. cut off 切断(供应等)；断绝(联系等) 4. star in 在……主演；担任主角
　　重点句子1. not that charlie’ s own life was easy!2. you may find it astonishing that charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk.
　　重点语法v-ing 的基本用法（见语法部分）ii 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. specially / especially / particularly【解释】 specially = on purpose故意地；专门地 (不是为了别的，而只是为了某一目的而专门采用的某种方式。如：i came here specially to see you. 我特地到这儿来看你。especially = particularly = in particular = in especial特别地；尤其是；特别是，通常用来对前面所叙述的事情作进一步说明或补充，是有意突出到显眼或例外的程度，强调＂超过其他，与众不同＂，在介词或连词前用得较多。如：i like harbin, especially in summer. 我喜爱哈尔滨，尤其是哈尔滨的夏天。【练习】用specially，especially，particularly填空。1). i like my hometown, _______ in spring. 2). these shoes were _______ made for you. 3). a committee has been _______ appointed to look into the matter.4). we did very well in this exam, _______ our monitor. key: 1). especially/particularly 　　2). specially 　　3). specially　　 4). especially2. common / usual / ordinary【解释】common意为＂普通的，平常的＂，指常见的，常发生的，不足为奇的。usual意为＂通常的，习惯性的＂，可用于一切频繁发生的事情。ordinary意为＂通常的，普通的，日常的，随时都可以碰到的＂，与common意思接近。【练习】用common，usual，ordinary填空。1). he arrived later than _______. 2). rabbits and foxes are _______ in britain. 3). tom sawyer was a/an _______ american boy who kept getting into trouble.4). our _______ workday is eight hours. 5). he’ s not an officer, but a/an ________ soldier.key: 1). usual 　　2). common 　　3). ordinary　 4). ordinary 5). common/ ordinary3. convince / persuade【解释】convince ＂说服＂，着重理智方面的＂辩论，证明＂。persuade ＂说服＂，着重情感上的＂劝告＂或＂说服某人做/不做某事＂。【练习】用convince，persuade填空。1). he _______ me that i should study law. 2). he _______ me not to stay. 3). the officials were eager to _______ us of the safety of the nuclear reactors. 4). i _______ (convince) i saw you there, but it must have been someone else. 5). how can we persuade him into _______ (join) us?key: 1). convinced　2). convinced/persuaded　3). convince 4). was convinced 5). joiningiii 词性变化 （旨在提供语法填空所需材料）1. humour n. 幽默，诙谐humorous adj.幽默的，诙谐的2. fortune n.(大量) 财产，大笔的钱；运气，命运fortunate adj.幸运的，侥幸的fortunately adv.幸运地，幸亏3. bore vt. 使厌烦；n. 令人讨厌的人(或事)bored adj.感到无趣的或单调的 boring adj.令人厌烦的，乏味的4. mouth n. 嘴，口mouthful n.一口；少量5. direct adj.直接的；坦率的adv.直接地vt.对准；指导direction n.方向[pl.]说明书；指引；指导director n.指导者，主管；董事；导演6. explain v. 讲解，解释explanation n.解释，说明，阐述【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。1). ________ (fortune), the drowning child was saved.2). he gave a ________ (humor) account of their trip to spain first. 3). tom went off in one ________ (direct) and harry in another.4). he now felt ready to take on the role of ________ (direct).5). the earthquake left thousands of people ________ (home). 6). i’ m stuffed. i couldn’ t eat another ________ (mouth). 7). not only are mothers not paid but also most of their ________ (bore) or difficult work is unnoticed. 8). there is no convincing ________ (explain) of the overall structure of the universe.keys: 1). fortunately 2). humorous  3). direction 4). director5). homeless  6). mouthful 7). boring 8). explanation iv 重点词汇 （旨在提供综合运用所需材料）1. content vt. (使)满足；满意 n.[u]满足；书的内容目录；容器里的东西 adj.感到满足的[典例] 1). as there’ s no cream, we’ ll have to content ourselves with black coffee. 既然没有奶油, 我们只好喝清咖啡算了。2). he is content to remain where he is now. 他安於现状。[重点用法]content oneself with sth. 满足或满意於某事物  be/feel content with 对……感到满足  be content to do sth. 愿意做某事  to one’ s heart’ s content 尽情地；心满意足地[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词或翻译。1). simple praise is enough to ______ him.2). i like the style of the book but i don’t like the ______.3). she _______ _______ _______ (感到非常满足) stay at home looking after her children. keys: 1). content  2). content 3). is/was content to 2. astonish vt. 使惊诧；使吃惊 astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 astonished adj. 感到惊讶的 [典例] 1). the news astonished everybody. 这个消息令大家惊讶。2). i was astonished at/to hear the loud sound. 我被那些巨大的声响吓了一跳。[重点用法]be astonished at/by sth. 因/被……感到惊讶 be astonished to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶it astonishes sb. that 令某人惊讶的是 be astonished that 对感到惊讶[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1). it astonished me ______ no one has thought of this before.2). we were _______ (astonish) that he appeared at the party.3). i find _______ quite _______ (astonish) that none of you like the play. keys: 1). that  2). astonished 3). it; astonishing 3. entertain vt.使欢乐；款待 entertaining adj.愉快的；有趣的 entertainment n. 娱乐；款待[典例]1). bob and liz entertained us to dinner last night. 昨晚鲍勃和利兹设宴招待了我们。2). could you entertain the children for an hour, while i make supper? 我做晚饭时, 你能哄孩子们玩一个小时吗?[重点用法]entertain sb. with sth./by doing sth. 用某物/通过做某事使某人欢乐[练习] 根据句子的要求在括号里填入适当的词。1). he entertained us for hours ________ (介词) his stories and jokes. 2). he fell in the water, much to the _________ (entertain) of the children. 3). we hired a magician to keep the children _________ (entertain).keys: 1). with 2). entertainment 3). entertained  4. convince vt. 使信服；使确信 convincing adj. 令人信服的[典例]1). we convinced him to go by train rather than plane. 我们说服了他坐火车...