2019届高考英语第一轮单元基础知识复习2

　　类别新课标学习要求
　　词汇n. 1.电梯，升降机_________2.汽油__________3 公寓，住宅___________4. 拼写，拼法________5.本身，本体，身份___________6. 使用，用法____________7.词语，表达，表示__________8.卡车__________9. 口音，腔调，重音____________10.闪电____________
　　v. 1.以…为依据____________2. 命令，指令____________3. 请求，要求______________4. 辨认出，承认_________
　　adj. 1. 官方的___________2.逐渐的，逐步的__________3. 较后的，后者的___________4. 流利的，流畅的__________5. 频繁的，常见的___________
　　adv. 1. 实际上,事实上__________2. 逐渐地，逐步地__________3. 频繁地______________
　　短语1.because ____由于，因为 2. come ___走进，上来 3. ______present 现在，目前 4. _______use of 利用，使用 5.play a part _____扮演角色，起作用 6______than 不仅仅，超过7.be different ____与…不同8. _________with sb.与….交流，交际 9._______....on 以…作为…的基础10._______it or not 信不信由你
　　句型1.部分否定 2.定语从句 3. 现在分词作结果状语
　　语法直接引语和间接引语
　　1.＂please sit down and have a rest.＂she said to us.
　　she asked us to sit down and have a rest.
　　2.the mother said ,＂don’t make so much noise,children.＂
　　the mother told the children not to make so much noise.
　　本单元XX高考命题趋向分析：
　　1.include为新课标重点单词。意思：（1）包括、包含；（2）使成为---的一部分。对其词义区别的考查需通过具体语境正确分析句子结构体现出来。此外，include与contain作＂包含，包括＂讲时，意义上的差别是重要的考查角度之一。另外，include的变形including /included也是常考点，主要考查被包括词的位置区别。此考点在XX年高考命题的侧重点可能放在动词词义辨析上
　　2. command和request后面跟宾语从句或用在名词性从句中必须用虚拟语气，这种用法在单选题或完形填空中考查，09高考出现了对recommend宾语从句虚拟语气的考查，XX年，考生应该重视ask,request, require 和demand等词的词义辨析和虚拟语气用法
　　3.because of 为新课标重点短语。 主要考查角度是because of 与because 之间的用法辨析，以及放在强调句式中考查。首先两者词性不同：because of 为介词短语，后跟名词、代词或相当于名词的短语；而because为连词，引导状语从句，考查时，往往放在复杂句句式中或强调句式中，突破点要分析句子结构来推知。07浙江卷考过because of 介词短语在句中作原因状语的用法，XX年有可能考查以上用法
　　4.even if/even though引导的让步状语从句在XX年高考北京卷、浙江卷以及XX年北京卷都作为干扰项考查过；状语从句的省略也分别在XX年高考重庆卷和XX年高考上海卷单项填空中考查过。XX年仍作为复习的重点，考查的重要考点
　　1.come相关短语自主归纳；
　　2.present 作动词和名词的用法；
　　3.recognize 一词的活用；
　　4.command /request两词的用法比较；
　　5.more…than 结构用法总结；
　　6.such…as/that 引导句型的差异；
　　7.way 引导的定语从句关系词的选用。
　　1．(XX浙江卷)the open-air celebration has been put off___ the bed weather.
　　a. in case of b. in spite of c. instead of d. because of
　　2．（XX 江苏卷）—have you ______ some new ideas?
　　—yeah. i’ll tell you later.
　　a. come aboutb. come into c. come up with d. come out with
　　3．（XX 重庆卷） _______, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting.
　　a. strange as might it sound b. as it might sound strange
　　c. as strange it might sound  d. strange as it might sound
　　4．(08全国ii)little johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it ____.
　　a. collected b. contained c. loaded d. saved
　　5．（09北京）you may use room as you like ____ you clean it up afterwards.
　　a. so far as b. so long as c. in case d. even if
　　6．（09重庆）33. unsatisfied ______with the payment ,he took the job just to get some work experience.
　　a. though was he b. though he was c. he was though d. was he though
　　一．重点词汇短语
　　1.come up 走近；上来；发芽；发生；被提出；上升
　　常见短语：come about 发生；come across 偶遇；come out 出现，出版 ，披露；come along 进展，跟着来，赶快 come on 快点；得啦；开始
　　活用：1）--how did it ______that you made such a silly mistake ?
　　--i myself haven’t figured it out yet.
　　a.bring about b. come about c. come across d. come on
　　2)the seeds i sowed last week haven’t ______________yet.
　　3)the question hasn’t_______________yet.
　　4).how is your work_________________?
　　2.present v. 呈递；赠予；展现，举荐 adj 出席的，到场的 ；目前的n. 礼物，目前
　　常见短语：at present 现在目前； present oneself 出席，到场 ；up to the present 直到现在 ;for the present 眼前，暂时
　　注意：present adj 表示＂出席的，到场的＂时，作后置定语；当表示＂目前的，现在的＂时，作前置定语。
　　活用：1）the mayor____________the winner with the silver cup last week.
　　2)the theatre is ___________＂romeo and julia＂by shakespeare next week.
　　3）all the girls _____________turned to him.
　　4) something must be done about the ______________situation.
　　3. recognize v.辨认出；承认；公认
　　常见结构：it is recognized that ….人们公认；recognize sb/sth .to be /as 认定，承认….为…..
　　派生词：recognized adj 公认的；recognizable adj. 可识别的，可承认的；recognition n. 认出，认可
　　活用：
　　1）i ___________peter although i hadn’t seen him for 10 years.
　　2）my ____________of the face was immediate.
　　3) zhao benshan is one of _________excellent comic players.
　　4) she was barely ____________as the girl i had known at school.
　　4. base vt. 把…基础放在…. n.基础;基地 be based on 以…为基础
　　1）you should ___________your conclusion__________careful research.
　　2)___________________an actual occurrence, the film huo yuajia is popular with many people.
　　a. basing on b. based on c. to base on d. base on
　　3)all the soldiers have arrived at the air ___________.
　　5. command n.(c) 命令；（u）掌握 v. 命令；指挥；支配
　　常见结构：have a good comand of 很好的掌握; command sb. to do sth.命令某人做某事; under one’s command 由…..指挥；command that ……(should)do….
　　链接：用虚拟式的单词口诀：一坚持 insist 二命令order/command 三建议advise/suggest/propose 四要求request/require/demand/desire
　　活用：1)the army received a command that they____________(march)to the front immediately.
　　2)what _______________the english language he has !(精通)
　　3)he commanded that the students_____the classroom before he returned.
　　a. didn’t leave b. wouldn’t leave c.needn’t leave d. not leave.
　　6. request v. 请求，要求
　　常用结构: at sb’s request =at the request of sb. 应某人之要求
　　request sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事
　　request sb that sb. (should )do sth.
　　it is requested that …..据要求….
　　1)the guide ____________________(要求客人不要停车)the car at the gate.
　　=the guide requested that the visitor __________________(不该停车)at the gate.
　　2) students are ___________________(要求不要触摸任何东西)in the lab.
　　3) i shouldn’t have accepted the man’s present,but i found it difficult to turn down his ______.
　　a. offer b. request c. suggestion d. plan
　　二．重点句型重点练
　　1. it was based more on german than the english we speak at present.
　　信息：more…than 与其说….不如是
　　链接：（1）more than 结构的其他用法：超过/ 不仅仅/ 非常
　　（2）other than 除了…/ rather than 而不是……
　　(3)no more than =only 只有，仅仅
　　1)he is _________________(与其说他笨，不如说他懒)
　　2)hibernation is ___________________(不仅仅是睡觉)
　　3)the boy’s whole education added up to _________________(不超过一年)
　　4)to enjoy the scenery ,irene would rather spend long hours on the train _________travel by air.
　　5) it is tom, rather than you that _______to blame that day.
　　6) i would die rather than _______(giving/give)in to the enemy.
　　7)he was engaged in writing a letter rather than _____(read/reading)the newspaper.
　　8) i can’t do ________(rather than /other than)obey.
　　2．believe it or not , there is no such thing as standard english.
　　信息:no such thing 没有这样的事情。such 与all , no , some , any , few , little , many , much , much , several,one 等词连用时应位于他们的后面。
　　there is no such street in the city.(这城市没有那样的街道.)
　　one such book is enough.（这样的书有一本就足够了.）
　　链接：1)the same …as ….和…一样(强调相似性)；the same ….that…和….一样（强调同一性）
　　your pen is the same pen as i was robbed of yesterday.(翻译)
　　________________________________________________.
　　2)such….as …(定语从句)/such……that (状语从句)
　　mike such a clever pupil _________(that/as)all his teachers like him.
　　this is such a heavy stone ___________(that/as )no one can lift.
　　活用：3)shall we meet at the same place____we did last night?
　　a where b. that c . as d which
　　3.however, on tv and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.
　　信息：the way+定语从句，定语从句的引导词在从句中作状语时，可用that /in which，也可以省略；如果way 在后面的定语从句中作主语或宾语时，引导词用that 或 which .
　　1）he offered me some ways _______worked very well in pratice.
　　2）the way _____________________(你想出的解决问题的办法)was good.
　　3）what surprised me was not what he said but ______he said it.
　　a．the way b. in the way that c. in the way d. the way which
　　三．写作素材积累篇
　　（一）背诵下列经典句子
　　1.this is because in the early days of radio, those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent english.
　　2.people from the moutain in the southeastern us speak with almost the same dielect as people in the northwestern us.
　　3.at first , the english spoken in england between about ad 450 and 1150 was very different from the english spoken today. it was based more on german than the english we speak at present.
　　（二）美文背诵（如何适应高中生活话题）
　　how to adapt to the senior school life
　　firstly, the senior school life is different from the junior school life．generally speaking, the teachers in senior school tend to adopt different teaching methods and they pay more attention to the ability training . therefore，my suggestion is that you should adjust to their methods．
　　secondly, as senior students you are supposed to explore your own learning methods, for effective learning methods are more important．if you know how to learn you will make full use of your spare time and make greater progress．
　　thirdly, it is of vital importance that you should learn how to get along with your teachers and classmates．you can build up a good relationship with them by respecting your teachers，helping your classmates. in communicating with them you will grow up healthily and improve a lot．
　　in a nutshell, it is important to learn how to adapt to the new school life．you are expected to have a start.
　　一．高频词汇训练
　　1.though he is not a _________(本地的)english speaker, he can speak english very fluently.
　　2.nowadays, many tall buildings have ____________(电梯)for people to go up and down.
　　3.if you_______________(命令)someone to do something , you order them to do it.
　　4. though i haven’t seen him for many years, i could ____________(认出)him immediately when i saw him in the crowd.
　　5. the villagers all ___________(出席)at the meeting that night.
　　6. after the war, a new ______________(政府)was set up for that country.
　　7. he failed in the english exam because of his poor english_____________(词汇).
　　8.john and jame are brothers. the former is a teacher; the __________(后者)is an engineer.
　　9. they made a _________(请求)for help because of the flood.
　　10. luckily, her health is ___________(逐渐地)improving.
　　二．运用下列短语的正确形式填空
　　under the direction of ; be based on ;make good use of ;come up;play an important role in;believe it or not ; because of ;at present
　　1.__________________, there is no such car in this neighborhood.
　　2. we should _______________our time during class.
　　3. _____________,we have no time to discuss the problem.
　　4. english ________________our daily life.
　　5. the students are doing scientific research_______________the teacher.
　　6. he realized that she was crying _____________what he had said.
　　7.this book ___________a true story.
　　8.a beggar______________to us and asked for money.
　　答案：
　　三. 翻译句子
　　1.教育在人们的生活中起着重要的作用。（play a role/part in ）
　　_________________________________________________________
　　2.这本书是以一个发生在1930年的真实故事为背景的。(be based on )
　　3.学习英语的人数在迅速增加，这是因为英语很有用。（the number of ）
　　___________________________________________________________
　　4.信不信由你，我们学校离车站很近。（believe it or not）
　　___________________________________________________________
　　答案：
　　四．单项选择
　　1.（XX潍坊七中） —you seemed to be impressed by his skill.
　　—not exactly so. it was his courage ______his skill that really impressed me.
　　a. as well as b. rather than c. but also d. together with
　　2.（XX哈师附中）the police _____the driver to stop the car immediately because it was running too fast in the street.
　　a. begged b. hoped c. commanded d. requested
　　3.(XX荆州模拟)after long and hard work , the police at last discovered the _____of the baby found by the side of a road.
　　a.dialect b.identity c. situation d. condition
　　4.（XX长春模拟）tom ,together with his classmates, _____because of _____the school rule.
　　a. was punished /obeying b. were punished/breaking
　　c. was punished/breaking d. were punished/obeying
　　5.（09焦作模拟）---the exam wasn’t difficult at all, was it?
　　---no , but i don’t believe _____could pass it.
　　a. somebody b. anybody c. everybody d. nobody
　　6.(08柳州)in many countries people still keep up _____tradition that women will get married in ___long white dress.
　　a. a/the b.a/a c. the /a d. the /the
　　7.(09济宁月考)all the people ____at the party were his supporters.
　　a.presenting b. presented c. were present d. present
　　8.(XX镇江模拟)your story is perfect; i’ve never heard ________before.
　　a.the better one b. the best one c. a better one d. a good one
　　9. （XX湖州模拟）---did you see the singer last night ?
　　---_______,we were left waiting in the rain for two hours.
　　a what’s more b. that is to say c. in other words d. believe it or not
　　10.(XX厦门联考)_______the terrible pollution, so many beautiful fish are fast disappearing in the river.
　　a. according to b. because of c.because d. as a result
　　第一部分:完形填空
　　several years ago, while attending a communication course, i experienced a most unusual process. the instructor asked us to list ___1___ in our past that we felt ___2___ of, regretted, or incomplete about and read our lists aloud.
　　this seemed like a very ___3___ process, but there’ s always some ___4___soul in the crowd who will volunteer. the instructor then ___5___ that we find ways to ___6___ people, or take some action to right any wrong doings. i was seriously wondering how this could ever ___7___ my communication.
　　then the man next to me raised his hand and volunteered this story: ＂making my ___8___, i remembered an incident from high school. i grew up in a small town. there was a sheriff ___9___ of us kids liked. one night, my two buddies and i decided to play a ___10___ on him.
　　after drinking a few beers, we climbed the tall water tank in the middle of the town, and wrote on the tank in bright red paint: sheriff brown is a s.o.b.(畜生). the next day, almost the whole town saw our glorious ___11___. within two hours, sheriff brown had us in his office. my friends told the truth but i lied. no one ___12___ found out.＂
　　＂nearly 20 years later, sheriff brown’s name ___13___ on my list. i didn’t even know if he was still ___14___. last weekend, i dialed the information in my hometown and found there was a roger brown still listed. i tried his number. after a few ___15___, i heard, ＂hello?＂ i said, ＂sheriff brown?＂ paused. ＂yes.＂ ＂well, this is jimmy calkins.＂
　　＂and i want you to know that i did it？＂paused. ＂i knew it!＂ he yelled back. we had a good laugh and a ___16___ discussion. his closing words were: ＂jimmy, i always felt bad for you ___17___ your buddies got it off their chest, but you were carrying it ___18___ all these years. i want to thank you for calling me...for your sake.＂
　　jimmy inspired me to ___19___ all 101 items on my list within two years, and i always remember what i learned from the course: it’s never too late to ___20___the past wrongdoings.
　　1. a. something b. anything c. somebody d. anybody
　　2. a. ashamed b. afraid c. sure d. proud
　　3. a. private b. secret c. interesting d. funny
　　4. a. foolish b. polite c. simple d. brave
　　5. a. expected b. suggested c. ordered d. demanded
　　6. a. connect with b. depend on c. make apologize to d. get along with
　　7. a. improve b. continue c. realize d. keep
　　8. a. notes b. list c. plan d. stories
　　9. a. any b. most c. none d. all
　　10. a. part b. game c. trick d. record
　　11. a. view b. sign c. attention d. remark
　　12. a. also b. even c. still d. ever
　　13. a. appears b. considers c. presents d. remembers
　　14. a. angry b. happy c. doubtful d. alive
　　15. a. words b. rings c. repeats d. calls
　　16. a. cold b. plain c. nervous d. lively
　　17. a. in case b. so long as c. unless d. because
　　18. a. around b. out c. on d. away
　　19. a. build up b. make up c. clear up d. give up
　　20. a. regret b. forgive c. right d. punish
　　第二部分：阅读理解
　　＂the first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself; to be conquered by himself is, of all things, the most shameful,＂ says plato. self-control is at the root of all the advantages. let a man give in to his impulses(冲动) and feelings, and from that moment he gives up his moral(道德) freedom.
　　a single angry word has lost many friends. when socrates found in himself any temper or anger, he would check it by speaking low in order to control himself. if you are conscious of being angry, keep your mouth shut so that you can hold back rising anger. many a person has dropped dead in great anger. fits of anger bring fits of disease. ＂whoever the gods would destroy they first make them mad.＂ ＂keep cool,＂ says webster, ＂anger is not argument.＂ ＂be calm in arguing,＂ says george herbert, ＂for fierceness(狂怒) makes error a fault.＂
　　to be angry with a weak man is to prove that you are not strong yourself. ＂anger,＂ says pythagoras, ＂brings with folly and ends with regret.＂ you must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which conquer him.
　　self-control is man’s last and greatest victory.
　　if a man lacks self-control he seems to lack everything. without it he can have no patience, no power to govern himself; he can have no self-confidence, for he will always be controlled by his strongest feeling. if he lacks self-control, the very backbone and nerve of character are lacking also. (from www.nmet168.com)
　　1. what’s the main idea of the passage?
　　a. the importance of self- control. b. how to conquer oneself?
　　c. the relation between a man’s moral freedom and his feelings.
　　d. a man should keep cool.
　　2. what’s the meaning of ＂whoever the gods would destroy they first make them mad＂?
　　a. if you are mad, the gods will kill you.
　　b. if you lose your temper first, gods will kill you first.
　　c. if you can’t control yourself, you will be crazy.
　　d. if the gods want to kill you, they will make you mad first.
　　3. which of the following is not true, according to passage?
　　a. the first and best of victories is for a man to conquer himself.
　　b. you will make a small mistake serious if you don’t keep cool.
　　c. you must measure a man’s strength by the power of the feelings which conquer him.
　　d. anger brings with folly and ends with regret.
　　4. which of the following can’t help you avoid anger, according to the passage?
　　a. be calm in arguing. b. check your temper or anger by speaking low.
　　c. keep your mouth shut. d. try to make the other angry first.
　　book 1 unit2 答案
　　第一部分：自我评价
　　1．【答案】d 考查介词短语意思辨析。in case of假如---的话；in spite of 尽管---；instead of 而不是，代替。按照句意此处是指原因。
　　【点拨】按照句意找对应意思的短语
　　2．【答案】c 考查动词短语辨析。come about 发生；come into进入，走进；come up with提出，想出；come out with随—出现，出版，发芽，长出
　　【点拨】按照句意排除短语。
　　3．【答案】d查倒装句。此处为as引导的让步状语从句倒装。句型为adj./adj./n./动词原形+as+主语+谓语------，由此可知选d符合。
　　【点拨】掌握as/though引导的让步状语从句的句型即可
　　4．【答案】b 考查动词词义辨析。此处为好奇地想知道书包里装的东西。＂包含，组成＂之意，contain符合
　　【点拨】掌握动词词义，按照句意排除。
　　5．【答案】b 考查条件状语连接词义辨析。as far as 远到----，就---而言；so long as 只要，只有；in case 万一，以免；even if 假设，即使。b符合句意
　　【点拨】按照句意，依据短语意思排除。
　　6．【答案】.b 考查倒装句。此处为though引导的让步状语从句倒装。句型为adj./adj./n./动词原形+though主语+谓语------，由此可知选b符合。
　　【点拨】掌握as/though引导的让步状语从句的句型即可
　　第二部分：考点突破
　　一．重点词汇突破
　　1.1）b2）come up 3)come up 4)coming along
　　2.1)presented 2)presenting 3)present 4)present
　　3.1)recognized 2)recognition 3)recognized 4)recognized
　　4.1)base, on 2)b 3)base
　　5.1)march/should march 2)a good command of
　　6.1）requested her/his visitor not to park /(should)not park the car 2)requested not to touch anything 3)a
　　二．重点短语突破
　　1.1）more lazy than stupid 2)more than sleep 3)no more than one year 4)than 5)was6)give 7)reading 8)other than
　　2.1）你的钢笔和我昨天被抢的相似。2）that ;as ; 3)a
　　3.1）that/which/不填 2）that /which you thought of to solve the problem 3)a
　　第三部分：当堂达标
　　一．1.native 2.elevators 3. command 4. recognize 5.present 6. government 7. vocabulary 8.latter9. request 10. gradually
　　二．1.believe it or not 2. make good use of 3. at present 4. plays an important role in 5. under the direction of 6. because of 7. is based on 8. came up
　　三．1.education plays an improtant role/part in people’s life.
　　2.the book is based on a true story that happened in 1930.
　　3.the number of people learning english is increasing.
　　4.believe it or not , our school is close to the bus station.
　　四．答案：1-5bcbcc 6-10cdcdb
　　第四部分：25分钟课后能力提升
　　一．【答案与解析】
　　1. b。根据下文可知句意为：教员要求我们把我们过去的任何事情(anything)都列成表，这些事情是我们感到羞愧(ashamed)、后悔或未完成的，然后大声读出。若填something只表示一些事情，与句意不符。
　　2. a。ashamed 意为＂羞愧的＂，根据后面列举的几项，不应该是＂害怕的(afraid)＂的事情。
　　3. a。private 意为＂私人的、保密的、不让人知道的＂。上述事情都属于个人隐私，不宜公开。
　　4. d。brave 意为＂勇敢的＂，尽管是隐私不宜公开，但在自愿者中也有勇敢的人。
　　5. b。suggested 意为＂建议＂，句子谓语用的动词原形，是虚拟语气，可先排除expected；从说话者语气看，不是＂命令＂，所以可排除ordered和demanded。
　　6. c。这里教员建议要做以下几件事情：to make apologize to people＂向人们道谦＂，(to) take some actions right any wrong doings＂采取措施纠正错误的所作所为＂。
　　7. a。本来作者是参加一个交际培训班，而现在教员所要学员做的一切似乎与培养交际能力无关，所以作者很纳闷这是否能提高(improve)他的交际能力。
　　8. b。make a list 意为＂列表、造表＂。
　　9. c。none of us kids liked是定语从句，前面省略了关系代词whom / that(代替sheriff)，选none表示jimmy(由短文最后可知此人是jimmy)和他的少年伙伴都不喜欢那位郡长(sheriff)，与下文吻合。
　　10. c。play a trick on sb 意为＂捉弄某人＂。
　　11. b。sign 意为＂记号、标记、符号＂，指jimmy他们写的字。
　　12. d。ever用于否定句表示＂在任何时候、从来＂，由于jimmy说了谎话，所以＂从来就没人查明事实真相(found out)＂。与下文＂几乎20年后再提及此事＂相呼应。
　　13. a。appear 意为＂出现＂，指sheriff brown的名字被列在表上。
　　14. d。alive 意为＂活着的＂，此时jimmy还不知道sheriff brown是否活着，与后面他们接通电话，证实了sheriff brown还活着。所以此处不宜用其他形容词。
　　15. b。ring 意为＂铃声＂，这里指电话被拨通。
　　16. d。由we had a good laugh 可知 sheriff 和 jimmy 进行的是热烈的(lively)讨论。所以不宜选其他形容词。
　　17. d。后面的句子说明原因，故选 because 引导原因状语从句：因为你的伙伴都把他们做的错事给忘了。
　　18. a。around 意为＂大约＂，此句表示：而 jimmy 却这些(nearly20年)年来一直把他所做过的错事记在心头。
　　19. c。clear up 意为＂消除、解除＂，此句意为：在两年里jimmy鼓励了我消除在我的表上的所有101项(做错了事情)。
　　20. c。 right 意为＂纠正＂，此句意为：纠正过去的不道德行为还为时不晚。
　　二．【答案与解析】
　　1. a 主旨大意题。根据文章第 1 段的第 2 句 self-control is at the root of all the advantages 及全文的内容可知，本文的大意是＂自控的重要性＂。故答案选 a。
　　2. d 语义理解题。根据上文 you can hold back rising anger. many a person has dropped dead in great anger. fits of anger bring fits of disease 可知答案选 d。
　　3. c 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第 3 段的最后一句 you must measure the strength of a man by the power of the feelings he conquers, not by the power of those which conquer him 可知，选项 c 与之矛盾。故答案选 c。
　　4. d 推理判断题。根据文章第 2 段的第 2 句和第 3 句以及最后一句可以排除选项 a、b、c，从而得出答案为 d。