XX届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃外研版必修五module 6 知识详解 1.protect vt. 保护 (回归课本p53)in the 1990s the chinese government began to take an active part in protecting the antelopes in the hoh xil nature reserve—the huge national park on the qinghai-tibetan plateau，which is the main habitat of the antelopes. 20世纪90年代，中国政府开始积极开展在可可西里自然保护区的保护藏羚羊的工作——可可西里自然保护区是一个位于青藏高原的大型国家公园，是藏羚羊的主要栖息地。 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①he put on the sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.他戴上太阳镜以保护眼睛免受日光的强烈照射。 ②it is their duty to protect their friends against the enemy. 保护朋友不受敌人伤害是他们的责任。 ③(高考江苏卷)however，laws were established to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people who catch the animals for their fur. 然而，人们制定了法律保护狼免遭打猎人以及为了得到它们的皮而捕杀它们的人的伤害。 ④that coat is too thin to give you any protection against the cold.那件外套太薄了，根本无法御寒。 【注意】 prevent/keep/stop sb./sth.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事/阻止某事发生。主动句中prevent/stop...from...中的from可省略，在被动句中from不可省略，且keep...from...中的from也不能省略。 【易混辨析】 defend，protect 二者都有＂保护；使安全＂之意，有时可以互换使用，区别如下：defend指＂保卫；防御＂，应用范围很广，对象可以是具体的，也可以是抽象的；而protect指＂保护……以免遭受危险或伤害等＂。 ①they built defense works to defend themselves against enemy. ②we must protect the children from harm. 【即境活用】 1．—use my umbrella to ________ yourself from the rain，will you? —that’s very kind of you. a．prevent b．keep c．rescue d．protect 解析：选d。prevent sb.from doing sth. keep sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事；rescue sb.from从……中把某人拯救出来，使某人免遭危险；protect sb.from使……免于……。由语境知d项符合。 2.flowers in our garden are well protected ________ the cold weather. a．on b．to c．against d．with 解析：选c。句意：我们花园里的花木被保护以免遭冷空气危害。 2.meanwhile adv. 当时，同时，在那当中； n． 其时，其间 (回归课本p53)meanwhile，in those countries where the shawls are sold，police are getting tough with the dealers. 同时，在那些出售藏羚羊毛披肩的国家，警方开始严厉打击藏羚羊毛披肩的贩卖者。 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①mother went shopping；meanwhile i cleaned the house. 妈妈去购物了，与此同时，我打扫了房间。 ②the train will come in an hour.meanwhile we can have lunch.火车还有一个小时才到，在此期间我们可以吃午饭。 ③(朗文p1220)i knew i wouldn’t get my exam results for several weeks，and i wasn’t sure what to do in the meanwhile. 我知道我要数周以后才会得到自己的考试成绩，在此期间我拿不准该做点什么。 ④(牛津p1251)stress can be extremely damaging to your health.exercise，meanwhile，can reduce its effects. 压力对你的健康会是非常有害的，而锻炼会减少这种害处。 【即境活用】 3．(高考辽宁卷)jim went to answer the phone.________，harry started to prepare lunch. a．however b．nevertheless c．besides d．meanwhile 解析：选d。句意：jim去接电话了。与此同时，harry开始做午饭。本题考查副词用法。a然而；b虽然如此；c除此之外；d与此同时。根据前后句逻辑关系，应选择表示并列关系的d。 4.(高考浙江卷)the incomes of skilled workers went up.________，unskilled workers saw their earnings fall. a．moreover b．therefore c．meanwhile d．otherwise 解析：选c。句意＂技术工人的收入提高了，与此同时非技术工人的收入下降了＂。 3.condition n． 环境；情况；条件 (回归课本p53)the small group of officials who work in the reserve are helped by volunteers who come from all over the country，and who are ready for the difficult conditions of life at 5,000 metres. 工作在保护区的政府官员们得到了来自全国各地的、愿意忍受海拔5000米以上恶劣生活环境的志愿者们的支持。 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①the car is in very good condition.这辆汽车情况良好。 ②(牛津p411)the plants grow best in cool，damp conditions. 这些植物最适合在阴凉、潮湿的环境下生长。 ③i’ll do it on condition that you pay for everything. 我可以做此事，条件是你得支付一切费用。 ④people who take part in the sports meeting must be in good condition.参加运动会的人必须有良好的身体状况。 ⑤on no condition should you give up the plan. 你决不应该放弃那个计划。 【注意】 condition表示某人或某物的状态或状况，而它的复数形式则表示某人或某物所处的环境或条件。 【易混辨析】 condition，situation，state condition意为＂条件；情况＂，其单数形式指人或事物所处的状态，可与state互换；但condition还着重于一定原因或条件造成的状态，如人的健康状况、物的完好程度。其复数指一般、笼统的情况。 situation指某一段时间内各种情况所造成的＂处境；形势＂。 state除了可以与condition互换使用外，还可表示思想、感情心理等状态。 ①we must keep up a good state of mind whenever we are in trouble. ②i’ve had no exercise for ages；i’m really out of condition. ③it is important for us to employ a word or phrase to the situation in language studies. 【即境活用】 5.teachers’ working ________ should be improved in some areas，because many of the teachers are out of ________. a．condition；conditions b．conditions；condition c．conditions；conditions d．condition；condition 解析：选b。句意是：某些地区，老师的工作条件应当得到改善，因为有许多老师身体状况欠佳。第一个空用复数形式conditions表示＂条件；环境＂；第二个空用out of condition表示＂状况不好＂。 6．(高考辽宁卷)i agree to his suggestion ________ the condition that he drops all charges. a．by b．in c．on d．to 解析：选c。句意：我同意他的建议，条件是他应降低所有的费用。on the condition that在此处起连词作用，引导条件状语从句，意为＂条件是，如果……＂。此短语中只能用介词on，故选c。 4.wonder n． 奇迹；惊讶，惊奇 v． 想知道，纳闷，对……感到疑惑；对……感到惊奇 (回归课本p55)one of the wonders of the insect world. 昆虫世界中的一大奇观。 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①it’s no wonder you’ve got a headache when you drank so much last night.昨晚你喝了这么多酒，难怪你头痛。 ②it’s a wonder you recognized me after all these years. 让人惊奇的是这么多年之后你还认得我。 ③(牛津p2315)we are wondering about next april for the wedding.我们正考虑着明年四月举行婚礼。 ④i wonder what really happened.我想知道究竟出了什么事。 ⑤she wondered at her own stupidity. 她没想到自己竟会这样愚蠢。 ⑥i wonder/was wondering if you could post this letter for me. 不知你可不可以帮我把这封信寄出去。 【即境活用】 7.he hasn’t slept at all for three days.________ that he is tired out. a．there is no point b．there is no need c．it is no wonder d．it is no way 解析：选c。句意是：他一连三天没有睡觉了。难怪他已疲惫不堪了。there is no point没有意义了；there is no need没有必要；it is no wonder难怪；it is no way决不。 8．完成句子 (1)____________ no one got hurt. 令人惊奇的是没有人受伤。 答案：it’s a wonder (2)i ____________ you could help me. 你可不可以帮帮我。 答案：wonder if (3)we listened with ____________ to our father’s stories. 我们惊奇地听着爸爸讲故事。 答案：wonder 5.put down 记下；放下；镇压，制止；平息；把……归因于；把……记在……账上；停车让……下车；降落；着陆 (回归课本p52)he shouted to the poachers to put down their guns. 他冲盗猎者大喊，让他们放下枪。 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①here is my address；put it down before you forget it. 这是我的地址，记下来免得忘了。 ②(牛津p1613)it’s a great book.i couldn’t put it down. 这本书棒极了。我是爱不释手啊。 ③she had put down unkind talk by living a peaceful life. 她过着平静的生活，平息了流言飞语。 ④he put down his failure to the sudden change in weather. 他把失败归咎于天气的突然变化。 ⑤you can put the lunch down to my account. 你可以把这顿午餐记到我的账上。 ⑥he gave an old woman a lift and put her down at the door. 他让一个老妇人搭车并在她家门口让她下车。 ⑦after circling the field for two hours，the plane finally put down without incident. 飞机在机场上空盘旋了两个小时，最后安全着陆。 【即境活用】 9.the government is determined to put ________ all opposition. a．down b．up c．forward d．on 解析：选a。句意为：＂政府决定镇压所有的反对派。＂ 10．the plan ________ just because people were unwilling to co-operate. a．put down b．pulled down c．turned down d．broke down 解析：选d。句意为：＂仅仅因为人们不愿合作，这项计划流产了。＂put down＂记下＂；pull down＂拆除＂；turn down＂拒绝＂；break down＂中止，流产，失败＂。 6.stand for 代表，象征；支持，主张；忍受，容忍 (回归课本p59)the initials，wwf，stand for world wide fund for nature. 缩略词wwf代表＂世界自然保护基金组织＂。 【归纳总结】 【例句探源】 ①the letters wto stand for world trade organization. 字母wto代表世界贸易组织。 ②(朗文p1943)we will not stand for this sort of behavior，young man！小伙子，我们不会容忍这种行为！ ③his height makes him stand out in the crowd. 他身材高大，因此在人群中突出。 ④(牛津p1962)how can you stand by and see him accused of something he didn’t do? 你怎么能眼睁睁地看着他遭人诬陷而袖手旁观呢？ 【即境活用】 11.the letters gnp ________ gross national product. a．stand for b．stands for c．stand behind d．stand aside 解析：选a。句意＂字母gnp代表国民生产总值。＂ 12．—what made the young man________of so many talents? —his hard work and wisdom. a．stand by b．stand out c．stand up d．stand for 解析：选b。句意是：＂是什么使得这位年轻人在那么多的人才中脱颖而出？＂＂他努力的工作和智慧。＂此句要用stand out表示＂杰出，出色＂。 句型梳理 1.【教材原句】 although surprised，the poachers had an advantage—there were more of them.(p52) 尽管很吃惊，偷猎者仍占优势——他们人多(不害怕)。 【句法分析】 句中although surprised although they were surprised是让步状语从句的省略。状语从句的主语同主句主语一致或是无人称代词，从句的谓语动词含助动词be，可将从句的主语和动词be一起省略。 ①although (he is) quite old，he still jogs every day. 他尽管年老了，但仍坚持每天慢跑。 ②please lend me a hand if (it is) possible. 如果可能，请帮我一个忙。 ③he will not come unless (he is) invited. 除非受到邀请，否则他不会来。 ④when (i was) in japan，i took many beautiful pictures. 在日本时，我拍了许多漂亮的照片。 ⑤mistakes，if (there are) any，should be corrected. 如果有什么错误，就应当改正。 【注意】 用在引导让步状语从句的从属连词后，不能同时用并列连词but，但可用still，yet等词加强语气。 ⑥though he is a little boy，yet/still he knows a lot. 虽然他还是个孩子，但他懂得很多。 【易混辨析】 though，although，as (1)though，although，as都可引导让步状语从句。 (2)although较正式，多置于句首。它引导的状语从句只能用自然语序。 (3)though引导的让步状语从句，除了用于自然语序外，也可用于倒装语序。另外though还可用作副词置于句末意为＂然而＂。 (4)as引导让步状语从句，从句必须用倒装语序。其中表语名词提前时不加冠词。谓语动词前置时，从句要加may，might，can，could，will，would等情态动词或助动词do，does，did等；如是及物动词，宾语也要随着提前。 ①although he is very young，he can do it well. 虽然他很年轻，但他能做好。 ②though she was no more than twenty-two，she was already a highly successful businesswoman. 虽然她不过才22岁，却已经是一位非常成功的女商人了。 ③try as she might，sue couldn’t get the door open. 无论休怎样努力，她就是打不开门。 ④lose money as i did，i got a lot of experience. 我虽然丢了钱，但得到很多经验。 【即境活用】 13．用though/as/although填空 ①proud ________ these two nobles are，they are afraid to see me. ②________ he is a hero，he has some shortcomings. ③manage ________ we might，we couldn’t get out of the difficulty. 答案：①though/as ②although/though ③as/though 14.learned ________ you are，you should learn from others ________ you go. a．as；where b．although；wherever c．as；wherever d．though；where 解析：选c。此处为倒装句，故用as或though引导；第二空用wherever表示＂无论何处＂，引导状语从句。 15.(安徽高三模拟)when ________ about his future plans，zhang yimou said that his next movie would follow a modern theme. a．asking b．asked c．to ask d．being asked 解析：选b。考查状语从句的省略。when asked是when he was asked的省略。 2.【教材原句】 but today the government seems to be winning the battle.(p53) 但是现在政府好像正要赢得这场战斗。 【句法分析】 此处seem to be doing结构表示＂好像正在做某事＂的意思。seem有以下句型结构： 【归纳总结】 (1)seem(to be) adj./n./介词短语/分词 好像……/看上去好像 seem to do/to have done/to be doing 好像要做……/已做了……/正在做…… (2)it seems that...好像……(用陈述语气) it seems as if/though...看上去好像……(从句可用虚拟语气) there seems to be...好像有…… 【例句探源】 ①what seems easy to some people seems difficult to others. 某些人觉得容易的事情，别人可能觉得困难。 ②he seemed to have forgotten my name. 他似乎忘了我的名字。 ③it seems as if everybody else knew about it except me. 看上去好像除了我之外别人都知道此事。 【即境活用】 16．i seem ________ him somewhere before，but i can’t remember the exact place. a．to see b．to have seen c．seeing d．having seen 解析：选b。句意＂我记得好像从前在哪里见过他，但忘了确切地点了。＂用不定式的完成时表示先于谓语发生的动作。 17.—is bob still working in your school? —i’m afraid not.he is said ________ and ________in a private school recently. a．to resign；to teach b．to have resigned；teaching c．having resigned；to be teaching d．to have resigned；to be teaching 解析：选d。句意是：＂鲍勃还在你学校教书吗？＂＂恐怕不在了。据说他已辞职，最近正在一家私立学校工作。＂he is said后面要接动词不定式，resign发生在is said之前，所以要用不定式的完成时；teach in a private school与is said同时进行，所以要用不定式的进行时。