情态动词

　　九年级教学案
　　课题m5u3 语法复习 情态动词课型复习课
　　教学
　　目标归纳语法情态动词 巩固练习 情态动词
　　重点巩固练习 情态动词
　　难点归纳语法情态动词
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　　情态动词
　　情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。
　　1. can, could
　　1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。 例如：can you lift this heavy box?（体力） mary can speak three languages.（知识） can you skate?（技能） 此时可用be able to代替。can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。
　　例如： i’ll not be able to come this afternoon. （一般将来时）当表示＂经过努力才得以 做成功某事＂时应用be able to，不能用can。如： he was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.
　　2) 表示请求和允许。
　　例如：-----can i go now? ---yes, you can. / no, you can’t. 此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could, might代替，但could, might 并不表示过去式，只是语气更委婉。它们不能用于肯定句和答语中。
　　例如：--- could i come to see you tomorrow? -- yes, you can. (no, i’m afraid not.) 3) 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。例如： they’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead. this hall can hold 500 people at least.
　　4) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。
　　can this be true? this can’t be done by him. how can this be true?
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　　2. may, might
　　1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t 或mustn’t，表示＂不可以，禁止＂。 例如：
　　----might/ may i smoke in this room? --- no, you mustn’t.
　　---- may/might i take this book out of the room?
　　--- yes, you can. (no, you can’t / mustn’t. ) 用may i...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用can i...？在口语中更常见。
　　2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。 例如：may you succeed!
　　3) 表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。 例如：he may /might be very busy now.
　　your mother may /might not know the truth.
　　3. must, have to
　　1) 表示必须、必要。例如： you must come in time.
　　在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不准），而用needn’t, don’t have to（不必）。
　　例如： -- must we hand in our exercise books today? --- yes, you must. --- no, you don’t have to / you needn’t.
　　2) must是说话人的主观看法，而have to则强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时，have to 有更多的时态形式。
　　例如：his play isn’t interesting, i really must go now. i had to work when i was your age.
　　3) 表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）例如： you’re tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best. your mother must be waiting for you now.
　　4. dare, need
　　1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。例如： how dare you say i’m unfair?
　　2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。
　　例如：you needn’t come so early. ---- need i finish the work today? --- yes, you must. / no, you needn’t.
　　3) dare和 need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。
　　例如：i dare to swim across this river. he doesn’t dare (to) answer.
　　5. shall, should 1) shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。 例如：what shall we do this evening? 2) shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 you shall fail if you don’t work hard. (警告) he shall have the book when i finish it.(允诺) he shall be punished.(威胁 )
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　　6. will, would
　　1) 表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。
　　例如： will / would you pa ss me the ball, please?
　　2) 表示意志、愿望和决心。例如： i will never do that again. they asked him if he would go abroad.
　　3) would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有＂现已无此习惯＂的含义。
　　例如： during the vacation, he would visit me every other day. the wound would not heal.
　　7. sho uld, ought to
　　1) should, ought to表示＂应该＂，ought to表示义务或责任，比s hould语气重。
　　i should help her because she is in trouble. you ought to take care of the baby.
　　2) 表示劝告、建议和命令。should, ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。
　　you should / ought to go to class right away.
　　should i open the window?
　　3) 表示推测
　　should , ought to (客观推测), must(主观推测)。
　　he must be home by now. (断定他已到家)
　　he ought to/should be hom e by now.(不太肯定)
　　this is where the oil must be. (直爽)
　　this is where the oil ought to/should be. (含蓄)
　　一，选用can, could, may, must, shall, should, will, would, can’t, mustn’t, needn’t或have to
　　1. there is air around us, thought we ________ see it.
　　2. your mother is getting better and better. you _______ worry about her.
　　3. you _______ play football in the busy street.
　　4. ＂_______ it be true ?.＂ ＂yes. it _______ be true indeed.＂
　　5. tom _______ come to the party tonight, but i’m not sure.
　　6. _______ you please fetch me some water for me?
　　7. young trees ________ be planted in spring.
　　8. ＂must we hand in our exercise books today?＂
　　＂yes, you ______.＂ ＂no, you ________.＂
　　9. ＂may i take this magazine out of the reading-room?＂
　　＂yes, you _______.＂ ＂no, you _______.＂
　　10. please speak a little louder so that i _______ hear you.
　　二1. if you are not careful in the street, a car ______ hit you.
　　a. can b. may c. would d. must
　　2. –may i watch tv now, mum?
　　-no, you _____. you _____ do your homework first.
　　a. don’t; must b. don’t; can’t c. can’t; must d. can’t; can
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　　︶3. –mr. john, we must hand in our work today, ______?
　　-no, you ______. but you must bring it to school tomorrow.
　　a. needn’t we; mustn’t b. mustn’t we; needn’t
　　c. mustn’t you; mustn’t d. needn’t we; needn’t
　　4. he isn’t in the school. i think he ______ be ill. a. can b. shall c. must
　　5. children ______ play on the road or in the street. it is dangerous.
　　a. may not b. mustn’t c. couldn’t d. needn’t
　　6. even the top students in our class can’t work out this problem, so it _____be very difficult. a. may b. must c. can d. need
　　7. –can you ride a bike? -no, i _____.
　　a. may not b. can’t c. needn’t d. mustn’t
　　8. –must i return the book this morning?
　　-no, you _____. but you ______ return it before supper.
　　a. needn’t; must b. mustn’t; can c. mustn’t; may d. can’t; need
　　9. you ____ to go and see the doctor right now.
　　a. must b. should c. have d. will
　　10. don’t play with the knife. you ______ hurt yourself.
　　a. may b. should c. have to d. need
　　三，1. what _____ i do for you, madam?
　　a. may b. must c. can d. will
　　2. you’re made the same mistake again. how _____ you be so careless!
　　a. shall b. may c. can d. must
　　3. peter _____ come with us this afternoon, but he isn’t very sure yet.
　　a. shall b. may c. can d. must
　　4. don’t worry! the news _____ be true.
　　a. may not b. mustn’t c. will not d. needn’t
　　5. the traffic _____ stop when the lights are red in the street.
　　a. can’t b. don’t have to c. mustn’t d. must
　　6. –look! it _____ be the new headmaster.
　　-it _____ be him. he went to beijing yesterday.
　　a. can; mustn’t b. can; can’t c. must; can’t d. must; may
　　7. ______ i close the window? it’s so cold here.
　　a. must b. will c. need d. shall
　　8.you ___ return the bike now. you can keep it till tomorrow if you like.
　　a. can’t b. mustn’t c. needn’t d. may not
　　9.you _____ yourself about money. a. needn’t worry b. needn’t to worry c. don’t need worry d. needn’t be worry
　　10.many people want to see you. _____ they wait here or outside?
　　a. do b. will c. need d. shall
　　11.____ i ask your name, please? a. will b. shall c. may d. must
　　12.you _____ do it even if you don’t want to.
　　a. can’t b. mustn’t c. have to d. needn’t
　　13.i _____ like someone to take me to the museum.
　　a. will b. would c. shall d. need
　　14.look, what you have done! you _____ more careful.
　　a. may be b. had to c. should be d. should感悟反思：