2019届高考英语介词与介词短语专项复习

　　XX届英语科5年高考3年模拟[浙江专版]
　　专题05 介词与介词短语
　　【备考策略】
　　一、介词和介词短语
　　介词是一种虚词，不能单独作句子成分，必须与名词或代词(相当于名词的其他词类短语或从句)构成介词短语，才能在句中充当某一个成分。介词短语在句中可充当状语，表语，定语及补语等成分。
　　how i wish every family had a large house with a beautiful garden!
　　is this the reason he explained at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?
　　with a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newly－elected president is having a hard time.
　　二、连词
　　连词是用来连接词、短语、从句或句子的一种虚词不能独立担任句子成分。
　　按词义及其句法作用，连词可分为并列连词和从属连词。常见的并列连词有and, but, or, not only...but also, yet, either...or...等。常见的从属连词有when, because, if, though, as if, now that, until, unless等。
　　i saw bob play the piano at john＂s party and on that occasion he was simply brilliant.
　　not only is the teacher himself interested in football but all his students are beginning to show an interest in it.
　　please follow your supervisor＂s instructions, or you＂ll offend him.
　　一、介词和介词短语
　　在高考试题中对介词的考查主要集中在常见介词搭配中。如：
　　1．for为了；因为
　　i apologised to the teacher for my being late.
　　for some reason, i refused his invitation.
　　2．without 没有
　　he came in without his manager＂s permission.
　　i wouldn＂t have finished the task without your help.
　　3．by 借助于某种手段
　　the old man earned his living by selling fruits.
　　4．over ＂在正上方(但未接触)；超过＂，多表示年龄，距离或跨越一定的高度
　　you can＂t wear a blue jacket over that shirt.
　　the plane can fly over the mountain.
　　5．beyond 超越(界限、范围、限度)，可指时间或程度
　　it＂s quite beyond me why such things have been allowed to happen.
　　6．across 表示从空间表面上横穿。through 表示从人体或物体的内部穿过，也可指抽象意义上的通过。
　　he suddenly saw mary across the room. he pushed his way through the crowd of people to get to her.
　　7．besides＂除……之外＂，其宾语包括在内。
　　except＂除了＂，其宾语不包括在内。
　　except for强调整体中的细节，前后事物不属于同类。
　　but常和except互换，强调不在其中。
　　but for＂要不是＂，往往用在虚拟语气的含蓄条件句中。
　　besides flowers, the pupils sent their teacher a nice greeting card for her birthday.
　　the article is very good except for some spelling mistakes.
　　二、连词
　　对连词的考查，近年高考主要集中在对从属连词和并列连词的考查上。对从属连词的考查主要集中在对其在不同从
　　句中的不同用法的考查；对并列连词的考查主要集中在对其
　　连接并列成分的用法以及特点上。
　　1．并列连词
　　(1)and, or和but
　　i must work hard, or i＂ll fail in the contest.
　　make up your mind, and you＂ll get the chance.
　　—would you like to come to dinner tonight?
　　—i＂d like to, but i＂m too busy.
　　(2)not only...but (also), as well as不但……而且
　　she plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar.
　　not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some.
　　(3)neither...nor ＂既不……也不……＂； both...and...＂两者都＂；either...or...＂不是……就是……＂
　　neither you nor he is to blame.
　　either you or i am right.
　　(4)not...but... 不是……而是……
　　they were not the bones of an animal, but the bones of a
　　human being.
　　(5)for 因为
　　he is absent today, for he is ill.
　　注意：for是并列连词，不能置于含两个并列分句的句子的句首，只能将其放在两个分句中间。
　　(6)so, therefore因此
　　he hurt his leg, so he couldn＂t play in the game.
　　2.从属连词主要应用在各种状语从句中。
　　考点解析
　　直接考介词的高考题也许并不象别的那样语法题目多，但是介词却是考生最容易犯错误的语法项目之一。因此，通过高考题目对介词的考查的具体分类分析，来了解一下介词的句法功能和常考的容易混淆的介词还是很有必要的。
　　一、对介词句法功能的考查：
　　点拨：介词构成的短语，可以在句子中充当定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语等；介词有时在句子中活用为副词，充当状语。
　　【高考链接】the hurricane damaged many houses and business buildings；______，it caused 20 deaths.
　　a. or else b. therefore c. after all d. besides
　　解析：答案d。句意：飓风毁坏了很多的住房和商厦；另外，还造成20人死亡。besides这里用作副词，作状语，表＂而且……，另外……，再说……＂。
　　【高考链接】i couldn＂t do my homework with all that noise _______.( a. going onb. goes on c. went on d. to go on
　　解析：答案为a。 with后接复合宾语中的＂动词+v-ing形式 ＂作宾补。
　　【高考链接】banging （猛推）open her door into mine , the driver shouted back : ＂make me!＂ ___ this she stepped out of the garage.
　　a. for b. with c. from d. upon
　　解析：答案为b。with this 随着这句话语。她一边说，一边走出了车库。
　　【高考链接】i don’t mind picking up your things from the store. ______ , the walk will do me good.
　　a. sooner or later b. still c. in time d. besides
　　解析：答案为d。在这里介词besides 活用为副词，作状语，意思是＂而且… …，另外… …，再说… …＂。句子的意思是：另外，步行对我对我有好处。
　　【高考链接】i wanted two seats _______ madame curie for friday night, so i rang the cinema to see if i could book two tickets.
　　a. of b. about c. to d. for
　　解析：答案为d。表示某个的电影座位（票），英语用介词for作定语。注意介词of 表示所属关系，意思是＂ … …的＂。电影与座位（票）之间构不成所属关系。
　　二、对常用介词的辨析：
　　点拨：介词用法多且复杂，相近的意思又可以有不同的介词表示，介词更着重与动词、形容词和其他从句结合在一起进行考查，所以要根据语境和交际条件灵活运用介词；同时对常用的介词要重点进行区别整理。
　　【高考链接】there were a lot of people standing at the door and the small girl couldn’t get _______.（ a. betweenb. throughc. acrossd. beyond
　　解析：答案为b。get through 穿过，通过。门上站着许多人，这个小姑娘无法穿过。
　　【高考链接】he suddenly saw sue _____ the room. he pushed his way ____ the crowd of people to get to her
　　a. across, across b. over, through c. over, into d. across, through
　　解析：答案为d。across指在空间上从一端到另一端。through 着重从物体中间穿过。
　　【高考链接】―¬¬¬¬when do we need to pay the balance? ― september 30. (a. in b. by c. during d. within
　　解析：答案b。＂by+时间点＂表示＂到某时间为止，不迟于某时间＂。
　　【高考链接】we hadn’t planned to meet. we met ______ chance. a. of b. in c. for d. by
　　解析：答案d。本题考查固定习语中介词的用法。by chance = by accident 意为＂偶然＂。
　　三、对介词短语搭配的考查：
　　介词常和某些形容词、动词和名词联合运用，形成固定搭配，表示各种不同的意思，只要记住这些固定搭配，准确把握词组的语义，这类题目应该不是太难。
　　【高考链接】fred, who had expected how it would go with his daughter, had a great worry _____ his mind.
　　a. on b. in c. with d. at
　　解析：答案为a。本题主要考查mind 之前不同介词的用法。be on one’s mind 和have something on one’s mind表示＂（使某人）为某事担忧＂，如：my deputy has resigned , so i have got a lot o my mind just now.而bear/keep somebody/something in mind 表示＂记住某人/事＂。
　　【高考链接】the classroom is big enough ______, but we’ll have to move if we have more students.
　　a．for the momentb．on the momentc．in a momentd．for a moment
　　解析：答案为a。for the moment暂时。根据we＂ll have to move if we have more students可判断出教室暂时可容纳现有的学生。for a moment表示一段时间。
　　【高考链接】 he got to the station early, ______ missing his train.
　　a.in case of b. instead of c. for fear of d. in search of
　　解析：答案为c。for fear of 为固定搭配，害怕。in case of 万一；instead of 代替；in search of 搜寻。 句子的意思为因为害怕赶不上火车，所以提前赶到车站。
　　【高考链接】the winter of 1990 was extremely bad. ____ most people say it was the worst winter of their lives.
　　a.at last b. in fact c. in a word d. as a result
　　解析：答案为b。in fact ＂实际上＂，进一步说明1990年天气的寒冷。at last 最后；in a word 总而言之；as a result 结果是。
　　五年高考
　　a组 XX年全国高考题组
　　1.【XX浙江卷】6. all the animals i＂ve ever had, these two dogs arc the most sensitive to the spoken word.
　　a. fromb. ofc. ford. with
　　【考点】介词
　　【答案】b www.zxxk.com
　　【解析】 two dogs所属与all animals，故用介词of表示这种关系，如：many of us, 我们其中的许多人，故答案b符合语境。from从；for为了；with有，均不符合语境，故排除。
　　2.【XX湖北卷】25. the furniture, with its modern style and bright colors, suits modern houses and their gardens, but looks _______ in the garden of a traditional home
　　a. out of questionb. out of orderc. out of sightd. out of place
　　【答案】d
　　【考点】考查介词短语辨析。难度中等。
　　【解析】句意为：这套家具款式新潮，色泽明丽，与新式房屋和花园配套，但看起来与传统的房子和花园不相称。d项意为＂与……不相称＂，符合句意。a项意为＂毫无疑问＂，b项意为＂次序颠倒＂，c项意为＂看不见＂，都与句意不符。
　　3.【XX江苏卷】29.— thank god you＂re safe!
　　—i stepped back, justto avoid the racing car.
　　a. in timeb. in casec. in needd. in vain
　　【考点】介词短语
　　【答案】a
　　【解析】in time意为＂及时＂，in case意为＂万一，假使＂；in need意为＂需要＂；in vain意为＂徒劳，无济于事＂。句意为：——谢天谢地，你是安全的！——我走回去，正好避免赛车。符合题意。
　　4.【XX辽宁卷】27. the well hotel stands in a quiet place the main road at the far end of the lake.
　　a. to b. for c. off d. out
　　【考点】介词辨析
　　【答案】c
　　【解析】off 意思是＂离开...,隔着...＂，表示与……隔着一定的距离。
　　5.【XX四川卷】14. this training program can give you a lift at work, ____ increase your income by 40%.
　　a. as well as b. so long as c. so much as d. as soon as
　　【答案与解析】 a 本题考查介词as构成的短语用法区别。a意为＂除…之外（还有）；和＂；b意为＂只要＂；c意为＂与…一样多＂（不用于肯定句）；d意为＂一…就＂。此题句意为：这个培训计划除了可以提高你的收入40%之外，还能够让你在工作方面得到提升。根据句意选a。
　　6.【XX陕西卷】11．an agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ______________ it.
　　a . against b. for c .to d. with
　　【答案】a
　　【考点】考查介词。
　　【解析】所填介词与系动词be构成固定句型，意思是：反对，选a。be for支持，赞成；be to到达；be with和……在一起，都与句意不符。
　　7.【XX陕西卷】11．an agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are ______________ it.
　　a . against b. for c .to d. with
　　【答案】a
　　【考点】考查介词。
　　【解析】所填介词与系动词be构成固定句型，意思是：反对，选a。be for支持，赞成；be to到达；be with和……在一起，都与句意不符。
　　8.【XX福建卷】26.china has been pushing the reform of public hospitals ____all its citizens.
　　a. in charge ofb. for the purpose of c. in honor ofd. for the benefit of
　　【答案】d
　　【考点】考查介词短语
　　b组 XX-XX年全国高考题组
　　1.【XX浙江卷 5】i always wanted to do the job which i’d been trained ______.
　　a. onb. forc. byd. of
　　【答案】b
　　【考点】考查介词。
　　【解析】语义：我经常想做我之前为之受过培训的工作，for表示目的，意为＂为了…＂，符
　　2.【XX四川卷 8】nick, it’s good for you to read some books __________china before you start your trip there.
　　a. in b. for c. of d. on
　　【答案】d
　　【考点】考查介词。
　　【解析】on 表示关于，some books on china意为＂关于中国的一些书＂。句意为：＂nick，你在去中国旅行之前最好读一些关于中国的书。＂故选d。
　　合题意。
　　3.【XX天津卷 11】he was a good student and scored _________ average in most subjects.
　　a. below b. of c. on d. above
　　【答案】d
　　【考点】考察介词。
　　【解析】句意为：他是一个好学生,大多数科目得分高于平均水平。above average高于平均数；below average低于平均数；on average平均起来，一般说来。
　　4.【XX福建卷 22】____ good service, the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional fujian dished.
　　a. far from b. apart from c．instead of d．regardless of
　　【答案】b
　　【考点】考查介词短语。
　　【解析】除了优质的服务外，这个饭店提供了不同种类的传统的福建菜。apart from表＂除……以外＂，符合语意。far fr om＂远离，远非＂；instead of＂代替，而不是＂；regardless of＂不管，不顾＂。
　　5.【XX重庆卷 24】shirley, a real book lover, often brings home many books to read __________ the library.
　　a. in b. for c. by d. from
　　【答案】d
　　【考点】考查介词。
　　【解析】句意为＂shirley，一个读书爱好者，经常从图书馆带些书回家去读＂。
　　6.【XX安徽卷】25. you can change your job, you can move house, but friendship is meant _____ life.
　　a. of b. on c. to d. for
　　【答案】d
　　【解析】选择d是正确的，mean在此表示＂预定，指定＂。the gift is meant for you. 这份礼物是给你的。 he was meant for [to be ]an electrician. 本来是准备把他培养成电工的。
　　7.【XX福建卷】the girl had hardly rung the bell the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her.
　　a. before b. until c. as  d. since
　　【答案】a
　　【考点】考连词的使用
　　【解析】根据 ＂rung the bell＂ 和 ＂the door was opened ＂的发生先后, 可以得出答案。句子的含义是：女孩还没来得及按门铃, 门就突然打开了。她的朋友们一拥而上去欢迎她。
　　8.【XX上海卷】 our manage objects to tom’s joining the club, we shall accept him as a member.
　　a. until b. unless c. if d. after
　　【答案】b
　　【考点】本题考查连词
　　【解析】此句意思是 ＂除非我们经理反对tom加入俱乐部, 不然我们都应接受他成为其中一员。＂
　　9.【XX北京卷】the wine industry in the area has developed in a special way, ____ little foreign ownership.
　　a. by b. of c. with d. from
　　【答案】c
　　【考点】本题考查介词。
　　【解析】句意为：这个地区的白酒业以一种特殊的方式在发展着, 具有很少的外国所有权。with具有, 带有, 表伴随。
　　10.【XX北京卷】being a parent is not always easy, and being the parent of a child with special needs often carries with ___extra stress.
　　a. it b. them c. one d. him
　　【答案】a
　　【考点】本题考查介词。
　　【解析】本题较难, 根据句意, ＂作为一个父母并非总是一件容易的事, 而作为一个有特殊需求的孩子的父母来说就需要有的额外的压力。后一分句的正常语序为＂being the parent of a child with special needs often carries extra stress with it. it特指being the parent of a child with special needs这件事。＂
　　11.【XX浙江卷】everything was perfect for the picnic the weather.
　　a. in place of b. as well as  c. except for d. in case of
　　【答案】c
　　【考点】本题考查介词短语的辨析。
　　【解析】c项except for为肯定整体、除去瘕疵, 后跟名词。句意为：除了天气之外, 一切都适合野餐。
　　12.【XX浙江卷】why are you so anxious? it isn’t your problem .
　　a. on purpose b. in all  c. on time d. after all
　　【答案】d
　　【考点】本题考查介词短语的辨析。
　　【解析】a项为 ＂故意地＂；b项为 ＂总共＂；c项为 ＂按时＂；d项为 ＂毕竟＂。句意为：你为什么如此地焦急？毕竟不是你的问题。
　　三年模拟
　　a组 XX年全国高考模拟题组
　　1.（浙江省余姚中学XX届高三第一次质检 4）water quality _____ the coast of the bohai bay has been becoming worse, due to huge waste carried by rivers into the sea.
　　a. offb. onc. ind. at
　　2. (浙江省温州中学XX届高三上学期期末试题 5）some officials were arrested and charged ________ neglecting their duties.
　　a. with b. of c. for d. on
　　3. (浙江省温州中学XX届高三上学期期末试题 18)_____, i’m glad you made that mistake, for it will serve as a warning to you.
　　a. in the way b. on the way c. by the way d. in a way
　　4.(浙江省台州市XX届高三期末质量评估试题 11)a new book supermarket was opened right ________ that street, and mary’s small book store began to suffer.
　　a. byb. offc. acrossd. from
　　5. (浙江省四校XX届高三联考试题 11) i should apologize to you for failing to visit you last week, but i＂ve been very busy_____ the
　　past few months.
　　a. since b. before c. among d. over
　　6.( 浙江省四校XX届高三联考试题 14)most chinese carmakers are years behind their western counterparts _______ quality,
　　technology and service.
　　a. in terms of  b. in need of  c. in favor of  d. in praise of
　　7. (浙江省绍兴市XX届高三上学期期末调测 7)to fully understand the poem, we must read not only between the lines, but sometimes the lines.
　　a. beneath b. within c. among d. beyond
　　8.(浙江省任岩松中学XX届高三期初五校联考 4)china understands the situation and needs of underdeveloped countries on the issue of climate change and urges developed countries to support them________ technology and finance.
　　a. in spite ofb. owing to c. regardless of d. in terms of
　　9.( 浙江省宁波四中XX届高三上学期期末考试题 7)people with fair skins are more _______ of skin cancer.
　　a. at risk b. at coast c. in danger d. in trouble
　　10. (浙江省宁波四中XX届高三上学期期末考试题 19)
　　—i’m sure harry will remember the meeting, but why not give him a ring just _______?
　　—sure, i will.
　　a. in time b. in case c. in advance d. at first
　　11. (浙江省临海市杜桥中学XX高三12月月考 14)______ our good cooperation over the past years, let’s meet each other half way. i’ll reduce our price by 5%.
　　a. in case b. in view of c. in fear of d. in spite of
　　12.( 浙江省东阳市南马高中XX届高三下学期入学考试 7)cynthia is not ashamed of what she does, ______ she ends up doing something wrong.
　　a. as though b. in casec. even ifd. for fear
　　b组 XX-XX年全国高考模拟题组
　　1．(宁波市效实中学XX—XX学年度高三第一学期期中考试 6) their arrival in australia, sir joseph banks and his team were amazed the exotic plants and set out to record and collect them instantly．
　　a．on；at b．at；by c．with．；about d．upon；for
　　2.（浙江省富阳场口中学XX学年第一学期联谊学校期中考试）christmas is a holiday usually celebrated on december 25th ____________ the birth of jesus christ.
　　a. in charge of b. in terms of c. in favor of d. in honor of
　　3.（ 浙江省绍兴一中 XX届高三英语期中理科试题 26）
　　— do you like nack?
　　— yes, nack is good, kind, hard-working and intelligent; _________, i can’t speak too highly of him.
　　a. as a result b. in short
　　c. by the way d. on the contrary
　　4.（XX学年第一学期温州十校联合体高三期中联考 4）being expos ed for a long time ______ strong sunlight might seriously damage your skin.
　　a. to b. under c. in d. over
　　5.（XX学年第一学期温州十校联合体高三期中联考 16） nowadays, many people walk to work______ copenhagen conference calling for living a low—carbon lifestyle to cope with global warming.
　　a. in relation to b. in response to
　　c. in addition to d. in opposition to
　　6.（金华一中XX学年第一学期期中考试 4）the home improvements have taken what little there is ______ my spare time.
　　a. from b. in c. of d. at
　　7.（ 浙江省长兴三中XX届高三第一次月考 23）the little boy got punished what he had done .
　　a. because  b. because of  c. since  d. as
　　8.（ 浙江省长兴三中XX届高三第一次月考 40）浙江省长兴三中XX届高三第一次月考he came here to discuss it with you.
　　a. on purpose b. by chance c. for purpose d. on design
　　9.（浙江省杭州高级中学XX届高三上学期第一次月考 20）to a small and faraway town like this, a car accident is always considered ______ interest, so people soon gathered around.
　　a. asb. ofc. byd. in
　　10.（浙江省瑞安中学XX届高三暑期总结性测试 19）it saves time in the kitchen to have things you use a lot _______ easy reach.
　　a. near b. upon  c. within  d. around