作者简介
本文作者Hanane Benkhallouk曾任全球五百强企业的战略顾问，也是“可持续领导力咨询”机构(Sustain Leadership consultancy)的执行董事，致力于帮助商业或非营利组织通过内/外部的转型升级创造可持续影响力。
作为一名社会企业家和商业顾问，我经常会遇到一种商业倾向，即给企业家划定一个边界，好像他们只能关注一个焦点:要么金钱，要么社会行动。
凭借自己的亲身经历，和对分界线两端的了解，我可以自信地说，这种思维方式毫无意义——而且对双方都有限制。
相反，我认为，为了实现未来真正的社会变革，我们需要同时借鉴营利性企业家精神的创新创造力和非营利性工作的道德指引，以形成可持续的社会企业家精神实践。
也许问题的一部分在于对社会企业家精神的误解。作为一名该领域的顾问，我经常遇到一些客户，他们对我提出咨询收费的要求感到吃惊——好像我应该无偿提供服务，因为承接的任务植根于对社会变革的追求。
那么，让我们暂时来考虑一下这种纯粹的慈善态度在商业中的效力。
慈善机构很显然的一个问题是人才保留率低和高管流动率高，通常被认为是一个人才职业道路上的弯路，而不是最终目的地。与此相关的是，那些在非营利组织工作和领导的人往往工资过低、强度过高，向上的流动性极小。
简而言之，这些组织没有为员工提供有吸引力或可行的收入来源，因此导致即使是充满激情的员工也会离开这家机构去寻找更可持续的就业选择。因此，非营利组织经常发现他们的成就远远低于他们的潜力。
但是，那些在分界线的另一边的人呢?
拥有庞大的人才库和可观的资源，关注社会责任的公司有能力实施可观的社会变革。然而，很少有人这样做；毕竟，公司的重点是赚钱，而不是对社区产生影响力。
此外，企业所做的公益努力往往受到自身范围的限制，目的只是为了看上去好，而不是做得好。总而言之，企业的目的是盈利、企业社会责任只被当成是这一总体使命的一个附加项。
企业利益和社会公益之间的界线不需要像现在这样坚定地存在。相反，社会企业家应该是一个有创造力的创新者，有能力和资源识别边缘化的群体，创造可复制的商业机会，帮助处于困境的群体成员建立一种新的、更稳固的社会平衡。
我们很难通过呼吁更多的非营利组织，或要求企业提供更多的资金来解决社会困境；组织结构的局限使他们很难以可持续的方式满足今天社会的需求。
相反，我们需要鼓励我们的下一代领导者钻研社会企业家精神，这种精神寻求在不牺牲职业生涯或薪酬的情况下，产生与使命相关的社会影响力。
Why We Need Social Entrepreneurship
Hanane Benkhallouk, Medium
Aug 28, 2019
Give a person a stick, and he or she will draw a line in the sand. As a social entrepreneur and business consultant, I frequently find myself coming up against a corporate tendency to put business operatives into boxes, as though they can only have one focus: money, or social action. With firsthand experience standing with one foot on either side of the metaphorical divide, I can say with full confidence that this mindset is nonsense — and limiting for those on both sides. Rather, I would argue that to enact true social change for the future, we will need to draw on both the innovative creativity of profit-minded entrepreneurship and the moral direction of nonprofit work to form a sustainable practice of social entrepreneurship.
Perhaps part of the issue lies in a misunderstanding of what social entrepreneurship is. In my role as a consultant in the field, I often come across clients who are taken aback by my asking for compensation — as though I should offer my services pro bono because the task at hand is rooted in the pursuit for social change. For a moment, then, let’s consider the efficacy of that purely charitable attitude in business. Nonprofit charities are notorious for their low talent retention and high executive turnover rates, and are often considered detours on a person’s professional path, rather than a final destination. Relatedly, those who work and lead nonprofits are often underpaid, overworked, and left with minimal upward mobility. Simply put, these organizations don’t offer attractive or feasible sources of income for employees, thus leading even passionate employees to leave the nonprofit in search of more sustainable employment options. As a result, nonprofits often find themselves achieving well below their potential.
But, what about those on the other side of the metaphorical divide? With their enormous talent pools and considerable resources, corporations with philanthropic interests have the capacity to enact considerable social change. However, this is rarely done; after all, a company’s focus is on making money, not a community impact. Moreover, the philanthropic efforts made by corporations are often limited in their scope and meant to look, rather than do, good. In the end, a business intends to make a profit; corporate social responsibility is only one aspect of that overarching mission.
The line dividing corporate from philanthropic interests doesn’t need to exist as staunchly as it does. Rather, a social entrepreneur is a creative innovator with the capacity and resources to identify a marginalized population and create a replicable business opportunity which helps members of the struggling group to forge a new, more tenable social equilibrium. We won’t find answers to our social dilemmas by calling for more nonprofit organizations, or by demanding more money from corporations; their structures simply aren’t built to facilitate our needs in a sustainable way. Instead, we need to encourage our young leaders to delve into social entrepreneurship, which seeks to make a mission-related impact without requiring its leaders to sacrifice their careers or compensation along the way.
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善财志（Business and Philanthropy Review）由国际公益学院主办，是全球领先的财富向善、商业向善、创业向善及可持续商业智库媒体平台。《善财志》旨在倡导共建共享的新商业文明和科学高效的新慈善运动，通过译介和发布原创研究报告、主题榜单、行业动态、人物专访和评论文章，分享国内外新慈善、新商业、新传承的前沿理论和先锋经验，为中国家族善财传承和社会价值投资提供新理念、新方法与新路径。
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