编者按：
中国发展高层论坛2021年会于3月20日至22日在北京钓鱼台国宾馆线上线下同步举行。论坛主题为“迈上现代化新征程的中国”。
福特基金会会长吕德伦（Darren Walker）应邀参会，并在经济峰会”弥合不平等鸿沟“分会致辞。会议由清华大学经济管理学院经济系教授钱颖一主持，发言嘉宾包括普林斯顿大学教授、诺贝尔经济学奖获得者安格斯·迪顿（Angus Deaton）；浙江大学文科资深教授、北京师范大学中国收入分配研究院执行院长李实；芝加哥大学教授、诺贝尔经济学奖获得者詹姆斯·赫克曼(James Heckman)；南开大学教授、中国财富经济研究院院长陈宗胜；福特基金会会长吕德伦（Darren Walker）。
福特基金会会长吕德伦致辞
福特基金会会长吕德伦在发言中指出，不公平的社会运行规则、不公平的文化叙事、政府未能投资和保护包括教育、自然资源等在内的公共产品、阻止人们参与决策的体系以及对妇女、残障人群等弱势群体的偏见和歧视是实现平等的最大敌人。他呼吁全球通力合作，针对问题根源，抛开政治文化等差异，求同存异，共同应对全球不平等这一人类面临的巨大挑战。
吕德伦先生发言中英文实录如下：
感谢钱博士，感谢中国发展研究基金会的盛情邀请。
非常高兴出席这次会议，并与我仰慕多年的各位学者，包括我的老朋友李实博士一起探讨不平等问题。
新冠疫情依然悬而未决，各国边界持续关闭，保持国际交流、互联和合作渠道的畅通显得比以往更为需要。
我们今天对全球不平等议题的讨论尤为及时和迫切。
根据2020年《联合国世界社会状况报告》，地球上每三个人中就有两人生活在收入不平等正在加剧的国家。这个现实情况的结果之一就是，“弱势群体”更有可能深陷代际贫困陷阱而无法自拔。
这种态势正蔓延到社会的各个重要领域，从温饱、正规教育到住房、医疗卫生，无一幸免。
长久以来，学者和专家，包括今天在座的各位，为全球敲响了警钟，告诫世人不平等已经成为脆弱社区日益削弱和不安定的重要因素。
然而，我们大家正在经历的全球新冠肺炎疫情大流行进一步暴露并加剧了眼前的危机。
过去一年，不平等现象加剧的一个表现是，全球收入最高群体的财富增加了3.9万亿美元，而全球劳动者的总体收入下降了3.7万亿美元。
低收入国家的儿童因停课而失去了将近四个月的就学时间，而高收入国家的儿童则只失去了六周的时间。
在美国和巴西等国家，少数族裔感染和死于新冠肺炎感染的比例远高于其他人群。
我们无法对此视而不见。
现实令人心碎，我们必须一道努力来减轻和消除其带来的毁灭性影响。
公共部门、私营机构和公民社会必须共聚力量，从根源上应对和解决问题，而不仅仅是事后响应。
我们必须倾听那些受影响最深的人群的心声，与他们合作，制定大胆而可持续性的解决方案。
福特基金会一直坚守这份事业，因为我们深信人人都应享有尊严。
对于我们来说，这意味着打破和消除所有形式的不平等。
这需要我们与政府、企业以及NGO社区的合作伙伴携手共同应对以下5个方面的主要问题：
第一，不公平的社会运行规则。这些规则扩大和固化不平等的机会及不公平机会所导致的不公平的结果；
第二，不公平的文化叙事。这样的叙事允许社会对某些人和社区施以公平、包容，使其处于优势地位，却将其他人和社区边缘化，使其处于劣势地位；
第三，政府失灵。政府未能投资和保护包括教育和自然资源在内的涉及国计民生的公共产品；
第四，阻止人们参与决策进程的体系；
最后，持续存在的偏见。我们必须应对对女性、残障人士和其他边缘群体由来已久的偏见和歧视问题。
这五大现象是我们实现平等的最大敌人，这五大现象是建设更加平等、公平和公正世界的最大敌人！
福特基金会与我们的合作伙伴——无论是像李博士这样的学者还是像中国发展研究基金会这样的机构，一起与这些现状作斗争，一起为所有人建设更公正的社会而尽心竭力。
当然，我们知道不平等问题涉及面广，没有任何一家机构、公司或国家能够独自解决这一社会顽疾。
我们，作为全球社区的成员，必须要共同构想一个未来世界——一个让不平等成为历史上翻过去的一页的未来世界。
为了那一天的到来，我们必须
——勇于携手合作实现这一目标…
——勇于为了共同利益牺牲我们自身的某些特权...
——勇于抛开文化差异，求同存异...
——勇于推进正义事业。
我们知道，中国的“两会”刚刚落下帷幕。《政府工作报告》明确指出，中国要致力于促进公平的经济发展，致力于减少国内外的不平等现象。
我曾数次访问世界各地的许多国家，无论是亲身前往还是线上拜访，这些经历让我清楚地明白许多国家都非常欢迎与中国的合作机会，以共同实现这一目标。
要建设更加平等、公平和公正的世界，没有什么比中国、美国和世界其他主要国家之间的合作更为重要、更为迫切！
再次感谢为我提供这个参会机会!
**中文翻译如有出入，以英文原文为准。
Thank you very much Dr. Qian and thank you to the China Development Research Foundation for your very gracious and kind invitation.
I’m delighted to join this panel that includes some scholars that I have been admired for many years — including my friend Dr. Li Shi.
Now as the pandemic continues to keep our borders closed, open channels of international communication, connection and collaboration are needed more than ever.
And our current discussions about the state of global inequality is especially timely and urgent.
According to the 2020 UN World Social Report, more than two of every three people on Earth lives in a country where income inequality is growing. One result of this reality is that vulnerable and “disadvantaged groups” are more likely to remain trapped in poverty for generations.
These trends extend across all of the major social metrics including access to food, formal education, housing and healthcare.
For a long time now, scholars and experts including members of this panel have sounded the alarm about inequality’s debilitating and destabilizing impact on vulnerable communities everywhere.
And the global pandemic that we are experiencing today has exposed and aggravated this crisis.
One feature of growing inequality is that in the past year, the top international earners increased their wealth by $3.9 trillion while at the same time global labor income dropped by $3.7 trillion.
Children in low-income countries lost almost four months of schooling due to closures—compared to children in higher-income countries who only lost six weeks.
And in countries like the United States and Brazil, minority populations are contracting and dying from COVID-19 at alarmingly high rates.
We simply cannot look away.
We must work together to mitigate, and eradicate, these devastating realities.
The public sector, private sector, and civil society must join forces to address the underlying causes—not just the consequences.
We must listen to the people most affected by these issues, and partner with them to craft bold and sustainable solutions.
The Ford Foundation is deeply committed to this cause because we believe in the dignity of all people.
And for us, this means disrupting and dismantling inequality in all of its forms.
This includes working with our partners in government and business and the NGO community to address 5 primary issues:
First, unfair rules of that magnify and perpetuate unequal opportunities and outcomes;
Second, cultural narratives that permit a society to extend fairness, advantage, and inclusion to some people and communities, while marginalizing and disadvantaging others;
Third, governments that fail to invest in and protect vital public goods, including education and natural resources;
Fourth, systems that prevent people from access to decision-making processes.
And finally, persistent prejudice. We must take on the issues of persistent prejudice and discrimination against women, people with disabilities, and other marginalized communities.
These five phenomena are the greatest adversaries of equality. These fivephenomena are the greatest adversaries of a more equal, fair and just world.
And at the Ford Foundation we have partnered with leaders like Dr. Li, as well as institutions like the China Development Research Foundation, to combat these conditions, and we work together to build more just societies for all.
Of course, we know that not one single institution, company or country can solve the issue of widespread inequality alone.
We, as a global community, must collectively imagine a future world where inequality has been relegated to the pages of history.
And once we imagine it, we must
— dare to achieve it …
— dare to sacrifice our own privileges for the sake of the common good…
— dare to set aside our cultural and political differences and seek common ground…
— and dare to advance the cause of justice.
As we know China concluded its annual National People’s Congress “Two Sessions”, the government work report made clear that China is committed to promoting equitable economic development and to reducing inequality at home and abroad.
I know from my travels both physical and virtual that many nations would greatly welcome the opportunity to work with China to accomplish this goal.
There is never been a greater and more urgent need for collaboration between China, the United States and leading nations to build a more just, equitable and fair world.
Thank you very much for the opportunity to speak with you today.
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