XX届高考英语选修8 unit 2顶尖复习教案 unit 2 cloning 克隆 核心词汇 1．the chemicals that are harmful to the environment are ____________(禁止)here. 2．christmas____________(装饰品)now have started to sell well in our shop. 3．she fell heavily，____________(撞)her head against the side of the boat. 4．she ____________(喜爱，爱慕)her grandchildren and is always buying them presents. 5．before rules and____________(规则)were introduced，the sport was very dangerous. 6．it’s not ____________(仅)a matter of cost，but whether she’s old enough to go on holiday alone. 7．i am sure she has the ability to____________(承担)all kinds of housework. 8．i thought the price of the car was quite____________(合理的)，so i decided to buy it. 9．用object 的适当形式填空 (1)grey decided to move to the countryside and his wife made no ____________ to it. (2)some members of the committee ____________to my proposal，which made me disappointed. 10．用assume的适当形式填空 (1)we are working on the ____________that the conference will take place as planned. (2)____________that his story is true，what should we do? 1.forbidden 2.decorations 3.striking 4.adores 5.regulations 6.merely 7.undertake 8.reasonable 9.(1)objections (2)objected 10.(1)assumption (2)assuming 高频短语 1．________________ 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清 2．________________ 沮丧；不愉快 3．________________ 反对 4．________________ 赞成；支持 5．________________ 把……归功于…… 6．________________ 一定或注定(做)…… 7．________________ 使……刻骨铭心 8．________________ 不时；偶尔 9．________________ 使复生；使复活 10．________________ 白费力气；枉费心机 11．________________ 状况很好/坏；情况很好/坏 1．pay off 2.cast down 3.object to 4.in favour of 5.owe...to... 6.(be)bound to (do)．.. 7.strike...into one’s heart 8.from time to time 9.bring back to life 10.in vain 11.in good/poor condition 重点句式 1．but at last the determination and patience of the scientists ____________in 1996 with a breakthrough—the cloning of dolly the sheep. 但是决心和耐心使科学家们最终于1996年收获了突破性的结果——克隆羊＂多莉＂。 2．____________the disturbing news ____________dolly had become seriously ill. 接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。 3．is it ____________cloning or ____________it? 它是赞成克隆行为还是反对克隆行为？ 4．scientists believe human cloning is just____________but____________human clones have already been born hasn’t been proved yet. 科学家们相信人类的克隆只不过是时间问题，但是克隆人已经问世的说法还没有被证实。 5．________________if there is a new illness some of these animals may die，but others will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation. 其优点是如果发生了某种新的疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。 1．paid off 2.then came；that 3.in favour of；against 4.a matter of time；the assumption that 5.the advantage is that 知识详解 1 .object vi. 反对；不赞成 n.物体；目标 (回归课本p12)on the other hand，dolly’s appearance raised a storm of objections and had a great impact on the media and public imagination. 另一方面，多莉的出现引起了一阵强烈的反对，对媒体和公众的想象力也产生了极大的影响。 [归纳拓展] [例句探源] ①(牛津p1372)if nobody objects，we’ll postpone the meeting till next week. 如果没有人反对，我们就把会议推迟到下周。 ②(牛津p1372)i really object to being charged for parking. 我非常反对收停车费。 ③(牛津p1372)if you’re late，you’ll defeat the whole object of the exercise. 如果你迟到了，便不能达到整个活动的目的。 ④i objected that he was too young for the position. 我提出反对意见他太年轻不适合这个职位。 ⑤(牛津p1372)the main objection to the plan was that it would cost too much. 反对这个计划的主要理由是费用过高。 [即境活用] 1．i don’t mind her criticizing me，but________is how she does it that i object to. a．it b．that c．this d．which 解析：选a。考查代词it的用法。本题关键是并列连词but。粗心的学生可能会误选which，认为此处为一个定语从句。object to反对；抗议。句意：我不介意她批评我，但我反对的是她批评我的方式。 2 .undertake (undertook；undertaken) vt. 着手； 从事；承担 (回归课本p11)it is a difficult task to undertake. 这是一项很难完成的任务。 [归纳拓展] ①(朗文p2241)two new studies have been undertaken to determine the effects of the chemicals. 已经进行了两项新研究以确定这些化学制品的作用。 ②(牛津p2197)university professors both teach and undertake research. 大学教授既要教学又要从事研究工作。 ③he undertook to finish the job by friday. 他答应在星期五以前完成那项工作。 ④i can undertake that you will enjoy the trip. 我保证你会喜欢这次旅行。 [例句探源] [即境活用] 2．who do you think is the right person________ ________ ________ ________(承担这项任务)? 答案：to undertake the task 3 .forbid (forbade/forbad，forbidden) vt. 禁止， 不准 (回归课本p12)some began to reform their legal systems and forbade research into human cloning... 有些政府开始改革他们的法律制度，禁止进行克隆人的研究…… [归纳拓展] [例句探源] ①(牛津p794)you are all forbidden to leave. 你们都不准离开。 ②(牛津p794)he forbade them from mentioning the subject again.他不准他们再提这个问题。 ③i will forbid you to leave unless you apologize for what you have done. 如果你不为自己所做的事情道歉，我不允许你离开。 ④he forbids smoking during office hours. 他禁止在办公时间抽烟。 [即境活用] 3．完成句子 (1)当火车行驶时，禁止我们往窗外看。 we ________ ________ ________ ________ ________of the window when the train was moving. 答案：were forbidden to look out (2)他甚至禁止我去网吧会见我的网友！ he has even ________ ________ ________ ________my friends online at the internet café！ 答案：forbidden me from meeting 4 .owe vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于……，应感谢 (回归课本p13)you owe the lady an apology. 你必须向这位女士道歉。 [归纳拓展] [例句探源] ①(牛津p1427)thanks for helping me—i owe you a favour. 谢谢你帮助我——我欠你一个人情。 ②these early settlers owed their survival to hard work and determination to succeed. 这些早期移民把他们的幸存归功于艰苦劳动和追求成功的决心。 ③if i have improved in any way，i owe it all to my teacher. 如果说我有一些进步，这应该全部归功于我的老师。 ④(XX年高考湖北卷) owing to her assistance，we succeeded in starting the engine. 多亏她帮忙，我们才成功启动了引擎。 [即境活用] 4．她把她的成功归功于幸运，而不是有能力。 she ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________rather than to ability. 答案：owes her success to good luck 5 .bother vt. 打扰 vi. 操心 n． 烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人 (回归课本p14)however，the problem that she later developed a serious lung disease bothered scientists. 然而，之后她患上了严重的肺病的问题使科学家们困扰。 [归纳拓展] [例句探源] ①he didn’t even bother to let me know he was coming. 他甚至连通知都没通知我他要来。 ②(牛津p221)i don’t want to bother her with my problems at the moment. 我此刻不想让她为我的事操心。 ③(牛津p221)sorry to bother you，but there is a call for you. 很抱歉打扰你一下，有你的电话。 [即境活用] 5．—i’m sorry to________you，but can you tell me the way to the nearest supermarket? —i will do some shopping，too.shall we walk there together? a．bother b．carry c．affect d．award 解析：选a。句中i’m sorry to bother you 相当于excuse me＂对不起，打扰一下＂，故选a。 6 .pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清 (回归课本p11)but at last the determination and patience of the scientists paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough—the cloning of dolly the sheep. 但是决心和耐心使科学家们最终于1996年收获了突破性的结果——克隆羊＂多莉＂。 [归纳拓展] [例句探源] ①(朗文p1503)mr.li was driving a taxi on the weekends to pay off all his debts. 李先生周末开出租车赚钱以还清他的所有债务。 ②her design won the first prize in the competition.years of patience and hard work had at last paid off. 她的设计在比赛中获得一等奖。多年的耐心和艰苦的工作终于得到了好的结果。 ③if you don’t work now，you’ll pay for it later when you fail your exams. 你现在不好好学习，到考试不及格时就会为此而付出代价。 ④he had to work parttime so as to pay for his education. 他必须做兼职工作来支付学费。 ⑤that i can pay back the help people give me makes me happy. 能够回报人们给我的帮助让我感到很开心。 [即境活用] 6．—li feng won the first prize in the national english competition. —oh，really? i’m glad that her efforts at last________. a．worked out b．got back c．paid off d．turned out 解析：选c。答句句意：噢，真的吗？我很高兴她的努力终于得到了好的结果。pay off(指冒风险的政策、做法等)带来好结果，成功，行得通。又如：the gamble paid off.赌赢了。 7 .in favour of 赞成；支持 (回归课本p12)is it in favour of cloning or against it? 它是赞成克隆行为还是反对克隆行为？ [归纳拓展] [例句探源] ①my sister was against my suggestion while my brother was in favour of it. 我姐姐反对我的提议，然而我弟弟却赞成。 ②could you do me a favour and turn off the light? 请帮忙把灯关掉好吗？ [即境活用] 7．i am ________your suggestion________we should spend more time on this project. a．in favour of；which b．in honor of；that c．in favour of；that d．in honor of；which 解析：选c。句意：我很赞成你的建议那就是我们应该在这工程上花费更多的时间。in favour of 赞成；in honor of 向……表示敬意；为纪念……。第二个空为that 引导的同位语从句。 8．(XX年皖南八校模拟)many young people left their hometown for big cities________better jobs. a．in favour of b．in search of c．in charge of d．in honour of 解析：选b。in favour of赞成，支持；in search of寻找；in charge of负责，掌管；in honour of为向……表示敬意。结合语境应选b项。 【教材原句】 then came the disturbing news that dolly had become seriously ill.(p12) 接着传来了令人烦恼的消息——多莉得了重病。 【句法分析】 (1)表示方位、时间或方式的副词或介词短语，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，in the room，on the wall等置于句首时，句子用倒装语序。 ①(XX年高考福建卷)for a moment nothing happened.then came voices all shouting together. 有一会儿什么也没发生。接下来传来一起欢呼声。 ②then came the news that the war was over. 接下来传来战争结束的消息。 ③out rushed the children. 孩子们冲了出去。 ④there goes the bell.铃响了。 (2)本句中that引导的从句为同位语从句，that仅起连接作用，无实意。 常见的后接同位语从句的抽象名词有：fact，news，hope，truth，idea，suggestion，thought，question，order，problem，belief，fear等。 同位语从句常用that引导，也可以由连接代词who，what，whose，which，连接副词how，when，where，why或连词whether来引导。 ⑤the news that he has been elected president of the united states is true. 他当选美国总统的消息是真的。 ⑥the question whether we should continue to do the experiment has not been answered yet. 我们是否该继续实验的问题还没有被解决。 ⑦i have no idea where the new library will be built. 我不知道新图书馆将要建在哪里。 ⑧we must face the fact that we have run out of all the money. 我们必须面对我们已花完了钱这一事实。 [即境活用] 9．(XX年高考陕西卷)john opened the door.there________he had never seen before. a．a girl did stand b．a girl stood c．did a girl stand d．stood a girl 解析：选d。考查完全倒装。副词there，here等位于句首，应用完全倒装句式。句意：约翰打开门，他从来没见过的一位女孩站在那儿。