九年级下册Unitampnbsp5ampnbspSport导学案

　　九年级下册unit 5 sport导学案
　　ⅰ.学习目标
　　1. unit 5重点单词、短语
　　2. 语法：时态和被动语态
　　ⅱ.重点、难点分析
　　1、as the bus climbed through the mountains, we saw the thick snow on the trees.
　　through 作介词，意为＂穿过；从…..一端到另一端；across 穿过，表示从表面的一端到另一端。
　　they walked through the forest and came to village.
　　don’t walk across the road.
　　2、i was dying to get out and play with it.
　　be dying to do sth. 渴望做某事
　　3、at last, we reached the resort and quickly jumped out of the bus.
　　辨析：reach, arrive, get to
　　(1) arrive 表示＂到达某地＂时，后面要接介词，到达的地方范围大是多用in，地方较小时用at。
　　we arrived in paris. we arrived at the station.
　　(2) reach 后面直接跟表示地点的词。
　　he reached london.
　　( 3) get to 是口头用语；后接表地点的home, here, there等副词时，to省略。
　　what time shall we get to shanghai?
　　4、we could not wait to get out and ski. 我们迫不及待要出去滑雪。
　　can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地想做某事
　　wait for 等待；等候 wait to do sth. 等着做某事
　　5、wearing skis for the first time made me feel strange. 第一次穿上滑雪板让我感觉怪怪的。
　　wearing skis 是动名词短语；动名词用法如下：
　　动名词的用法
　　(1) 作主语
　　walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动
　　seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
　　(2) 作表语
　　his part-time job is promoting new products for the company.
　　(3) 作宾语。
　　he is fond of playing football. i like swimming.
　　( 4) 作定语
　　swimming pool 游泳池 reading material 阅读材料 waiting room 候车室
　　6、i kept on falling over, and i had to hold on to a rope to keep my balance.
　　(1) 辨析：keep on doing sth. 与keep doing
　　keep on doing sth. 表示动作反复，意为＂不断地做某事＂
　　keep doing 表示动作或状态的持续
　　news of successes keeps (on) pouring in.
　　约翰总是问个不停。
　　we kept working in the fields in spite of the rain.
　　尽管下雨，我们还是坚持在地里干活。
　　(2) 辨析：fall over, fall down, fall off
　　1) fall over强调的是＂向前摔倒、跌倒＂。
　　she fell over and broke her leg. 她跌倒并把腿摔断了。
　　2) fall down强调的是＂滑倒、倒下＂，后接宾语时应加上介词from。
　　the boy hit the tree to hard that he fell down.
　　3) fall off强调的是＂跌落、从……掉下来＂，后直接接宾语，相当于fall down from
　　the girl is falling off the bike. (= the girl is falling down from the bike.)
　　(3) hold on(to sb. / sth.) 抓紧，不放开（某人或某物）
　　7、however, the next day, i only fell over a few times, and i managed to do a few rapid runs. 然而，第二天，我只跌倒了几次，我设法做一些快速地滑行。
　　a few 和few 修饰可数名词复数，a few 表示有几个，few表示几乎没有；而a little和little 后接不可数名词。
　　8、although it was very cold, i spent most of my holiday skiing.
　　(1) although/ though连词，意为＂虽然，尽管＂，引导让步状语从句.
　　(2) 辨析：spend; take; cost and pay
　　1) spend的主语必须是人， 常用于以下结构： spend time ／money on sth. 或spend time ／ money (in) doing sth.
　　i spent two hours on this maths problem.
　　they spent two years (in) building this bridge.
　　2) cost的主语是物或某种活动， 常见用法如下： sth. costs (sb.)  金钱,某物花了（某人）多少钱；或者 (doing) sth. costs (sb.)  时间,某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间
　　a new computer costs a lot of money.
　　remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.
　　3) take 的主语时it， 常见用法有it takes sb.  时间 to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间。
　　it took them three years to build this road.
　　4) pay的基本用法是： pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买„„；或者pay for sth. 付„„的钱。
　　i have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.
　　i have to pay for the book lost.
　　pay for sb. 替某人付钱 pay sb. 付钱给某人
　　pay money back 还钱 pay off one＂s money还清钱
　　9、the group had to wait unit after 12 to check in at the hotel.
　　until 直到…… not… until… 直到……才……
　　i’ll wait for you until you come.
　　i didn’t go to bed until my parents came back home last night.
　　10、in 1942, columbus discovered american.
　　辨析：discover; find and invent
　　1) find：意为＂找到，发现＂。既可指经过寻找后得到或重新获得已失去的东西，强调动作的结果。
　　at last,i found my dog under my bed.
　　2) invent 指通过想象、研究、劳动而创造前所未有的东西。
　　can you tell me who invented the telephone?
　　3) discover：指发现本来存在，但以前未为人知或未被发现的事物、真理或情况。
　　columbus is the first european who discovered america.
　　11、full of fun 充满乐趣
　　(be) full of 充满……
　　be filled with 装满……充满….. fill…with… 用…..把…..装满
　　12、... and women were not allowed to join or even watch them. 妇女不允许参加，甚至不允许观看比赛。
　　allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事
　　allow doing sth. 允许做某事
　　13、a number of 与 the number of
　　a number of 许多，相当于many，后接可数名词的复数
　　the number of ……的数量 the number of apples is 50.
　　14、单元语法：时态；被动语态
　　（1）时态：
　　一般现在时：she helps her mother once a week.
　　 mary’s father is a policeman.
　　现在进行时：they are playing basketball now.
　　listen! she is singing an english song.
　　现在完成时：he has already got her help.
　　he says he has been to the usa three times.
　　一般将来时：we will have a meeting tomorrow.
　　he is going to study abroad next year.
　　一般过去时：mr. smith bought a new car yesterday.
　　they were here only a few minutes ago.
　　过去进行时：while he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.
　　it was raining when they left the station.
　　（2）被动语态：be+动词的过去分词
　　一般现在时：am/ is/ are +done
　　the classroom is cleaned by the students every day.
　　现在完成时：have/ has been + done
　　the book has been read many times by me.
　　一般过去时：was/ were +done
　　my bike was stolen last night.
　　一般将来时：will be +done; is/are going to be done
　　a speech will be given this afternoon.
　　the problem is going to be discussed at the meeting tomorrow.