Unitampnbsp12ampnbspampnbspampnbspPeriodampnbspampnbsp4ampnbspampnbspLanguageampnbsppointsampnbspinampnbspreadi

　　period 4 language points in reading
　　step 1 important language points
　　1. introduce 介绍，正式提交，实施
　　he introduced me to a greek girl at the party.
　　the first lecture introduces students to the main topics of the course.
　　the company is introducing a new range of products this year.
　　the new law was introduced in 1991.
　　2.nine years of compulsory education_____________________
　　3.be highly successful_____________________
　　highly 与high 区别; close 与closely 区别
　　1)do you see that butterfly flying high above the street?
　　你是否看见那只蝴蝶在街道上方高高飞舞 着？
　　2)the distinguished guests were highly praised.贵宾们受到了高度赞扬。
　　引申：suddenly the door was ______and in came mr. wang.
　　a. open wide b. widely open c. wide opened d. open widely
　　（答案为c，由前面的suddenly可见，此句强调动作，故用被动语态，而不用形容词，wide与widely都有副词，但是意义不同，他们的区别好象deep/deeply，high/highly，close/closely）
　　4. it is reported that 据报道…
　　类似的句型还有：it is said/ believed/hoped/announced that …
　　5.be closely linked to_____________________
　　6.make a commitment to provide …作出一项承诺提供
　　①(n.)______________
　　1)make a commitment to sb.to do sth.=make a promise作出承诺
　　2)she doesn’t want to make a commitment to steve at the moment._____________________
　　② commit vt. ______________
　　to sth.
　　commit sb./yourself to doing sth.向……承诺做某事
　　to do
　　e.g.1）总统承诺要改革卫生保健制度。
　　the president is committed ____________________.
　　2）双方承诺和平解决矛盾。
　　both sides committed themselves to_________________________.
　　7. face similar difficulties_____________________
　　①face to face 面对面地
　　i rushed out of the office and found myself face-to-face with the boss.
　　＂我冲出办公室,面对面地碰上了老板。＂
　　the burglar turned the corner and found himself face to face with a policeman.
　　那窃贼转过墙角，面对面碰上一个警察。
　　②in the face of 不顾；面对，在…前面
　　he succeeded______________________________. 尽管有巨大的困难，但他成功了。
　　③be faced with 面临
　　i realized that hamlet was faced with an entirely different problem.
　　我意识到hamlet面临着完全不同的问题。
　　the state is now faced with the immediate question of raising new taxes.
　　国家面临紧迫的问题，收新税。
　　8.to begin with,it is important to create a positive attitude.______________________
　　to begin with
　　1)首先，第一
　　i’m not going. ______________,i haven’t a ticket, and secondly i don’t like the play.
　　我不去。一来我没票，二来我不喜欢这出戏。
　　2)起初
　　___________________he had no money, but later he became quite rich.
　　他起初没钱，可是后来相当富有了。
　　9. attach importance to ….认为…很重要
　　~ importance/significance/value/weight, etc. (to sth)
　　e.g我认为这个研究十分重要。i attach great importance to this research.
　　to attach
　　①to attach sth. to sth. 将某物系在、缚在或附在另一物上
　　to attach a label to each piece of luggage _______________________
　　②to attach sb. to sb. /sth. 将某人派给（一人或一组织）去执行某任务，使隶属于（尤用于被动语态）
　　you’ll be attached to this department until the end of this year.
　　你在年底前将暂属于这一部门。
　　③to attach oneself to sb./sth. （有时指不受欢迎或未受邀请而）依附某人、参加某事
　　a young man attached himself to me at the party and i couldn’t get rid of him.
　　聚会中有个小年青总缠着我，我也甩不开他。
　　④to attach sth. to sth. _______________________________
　　do you attach any importance to what he said? 你认为他说的话重要吗？
　　⑤to attach to sb. 与某人相关联，归于某人
　　no blame attaches to you in this blame. 这件事不怪你。
　　10.have a tendency to be absent______________________
　　11.drop out 中途退学，辍学
　　drop behind 落后
　　drop by 顺便访问：停下做短暂访问
　　drop off 睡着；减少
　　drop in 顺便走访, 不预先通知的拜访
　　attendance at football matches have______since the coming of television.
　　a.dropped in b.dropped off c.dropped out d.dropped down
　　10.be skeptical of anything that_____________________
　　take children away from their work on the farm不让孩子们田里劳动
　　12. be willing /unwilling to do （不）愿意。（不）乐意
　　they keep a list of people (who are) willing to work nights.
　　他们有一份愿意夜间工作的人的名单。
　　i’m perfectly willing to discuss the problem.我十分乐意讨论这个问题。
　　they are unwilling to invest any more money in the project. 他们不愿再为这个项目投资。
　　she was unable, or unwilling, to give me any further details.
　　她不能，或不愿意，向我提供进一步的细节。
　　13. mean 想要，意思是；
　　① [常用被动] ~ sb for sth| ~ sb to be sth （想要某人成为，想要某人去做）
　　i was never meant for the army (= did not have the qualities needed to become a soldier).
　　我根本就不是块当兵的料。
　　②by all means可以，当然行，没问题
　　‘do you mind if i have a look?’ ‘by all means.’借我看一眼行吗？当然可以。
　　③by means of sth (formal) 借助…手段，依靠…方法
　　the load was lifted by means of a crane. 重物是用起重机吊起来的。
　　④by no means 绝不，一点也不
　　she is by no means an inexperienced teacher. 她绝不是一个毫无经验的老师。
　　we haven’t won yet, not by any means. 我们离成功还远着呢。
　　by no means are these cases exceptional. 这些例子绝不是例外。
　　14.china’s large population meant that the school had to expand to take in many more students. ________________________________-
　　take sb. in收留，留宿e.g.he was homeless,so we took him in.
　　take sb. in欺骗，蒙骗 she took me in completely with her story.
　　她的一番花言巧语完全把我骗了。
　　take sth. in吸入，吞入，改小，包含 the tour takes in six european capitals.
　　14.result in lare class sizes结果造成班级人数很多
　　result in(=cause)导致，造成
　　result from由…产生，是…的后果
　　his illness resulted from eating contaminated food. 他生病是由于吃了不干净的食物。
　　e.g.this method,_______in areas near shanghai,_________in a market rise in total production.
　　a.trying,resulting b.tired,resulted c.trying,resulted d.tried,resulting
　　15.in north and central australia the population is so spread out that …
　　spread out 分散,伸展身体，摊开东西
　　1)there’s more room to spread out in first class. 头等舱宽敞些，伸得开腿。
　　2)do you have to spread yourself out all over the sofa？
　　你就非得躺下，把整个大沙发全占了才行吗？
　　3)the searchers spread out to cover the area faster. 搜索人员分散开来,好更快搜索这一地区。
　　16.australia uses ＂distance settlements can be as far as
　　as far as the eye can / could see 极目所尽
　　the bleak moorland stretched on all sides as far as the eye could see.
　　荒凉的旷野向四面伸展开去，一望无际。
　　as far as i know |/as far as i can re member/see/ tell, etc. 就我所知道/据我所记得的/依我看。
　　as far as we knew, there was no cause for concern. 就我们所知，没什么可担心的。
　　as far as i can see, you’ve done nothing wrong. 依我看，你没有做错任何事。
　　she lived in chicago, as far as i can remember. 据我所记得的，她过去住在chicago。
　　as / so far as sb/sth is concerned |就…而言
　　as far as i am concerned, you can do what you like.就我而言，你想干什么就干什么。
　　17. available 可获得的，可找到的，有空的
　　tickets are available free of charge from the school. 学校有免费票。
　　when will the information be made available? 何时才能了解到情况？
　　further information is available on request. 详情备索。
　　this was the only room available. 这是唯一可用的房间。
　　we’ll send you a copy as soon as it becomes available. 一有货我们就会给你邮寄一本去。
　　every available doctor was called to the scene.所有能找到的医生都备召集到了现场。
　　will she be available this afternoon? 今天下午她有空吗？
　　18. rely on /upon 依赖； 依靠
　　these days we rely heavily on computers to organize our work.
　　[+ -ing] the industry relies on the price of raw materials remaining low.
　　you can rely on me to keep your secret.
　　he can’t be relied on to tell the truth
　　19. adopt 收养，采用 （方法）；采纳（建议，政策等）
　　all three teams adopted different approaches to the problem.
　　三个队处理这个问题的方法各不相同。
　　the council is expected to adopt the new policy at its next meeting.
　　委员会有望在下次会议上正式通过这项新政策。
　　20. overcome 克服，战胜
　　she overcame injury to win the olympic gold medal.
　　the two parties managed to overcome their differences on the issue.
　　step 2 useful phrases in the reading