八年级英语下册词组和重点教案2

　　alison was the first one to start and has been skating for the whole five hours.
　　alison是第一个开始并且已经滑了整整5个小时。
　　i’m talking to you from the hilltop school skating marathon.
　　for every hour they skate, each student raises ten yuan for charity.每滑一个小时，每位学生可为慈善事业筹集10元钱。
　　thanks for sending me the snow globe of the monster. in fact i think it’s probably my favorite.
　　谢谢你送我的怪物雪球仪。事实上，我想它可能是我的最爱。
　　my mom says i have to stop, because we’ve run out of room to store them.
　　妈妈说我必须停止了，因为我们已经没有地方来存放他们了。
　　the first one i ever got was a birthday cake snow globe on my twelfth birthday.
　　我得到的第一个雪球仪是我十二岁生日得到的生日蛋糕雪球仪。
　　i particularly love globes with animals. if you know anyone else who collects them, please tell me.
　　我特别喜欢动物雪球仪。如果你知道其他人收集他们的话，请告诉我们。
　　by the way, what’s your hobby?
　　i’m interested in the job as a writer.
　　the school newspaper needs a writer. we will give you different topics to choose from. to get the job, please answer these four questions.
　　校报需要一个撰稿人。我们会给你一些不同的话题来选择。要得到这份工作，请回答这样四个问题。
　　how many chinese dynasties can you think of? 你能想起多少中国朝代？
　　can you think of famous characters from the history of other countries? make a list.
　　从其他国家历史中，你能记起一些著名人物吗？列个表。
　　in fact, the first jews probably came to kaifeng more than a thousand years ago and were welcomed by the song emperor.
　　事实上，第一批犹太人可能在一千多年前就来到开封而且受到宋朝皇帝的欢迎。
　　there is some european influence in the city, and some of the old buildings in harbin are in russian style.这个城市有欧洲文化的影响，而且哈尔滨的一些老建筑还是俄罗斯风格的。
　　for a foreigner like me, the more i learn about chinese culture, the more i enjoy living in china.
　　对于一个像我一样的外国人来说，我对中国文化了解越多，我就越喜欢住在中国。
　　and although i live quite far from beijing, i’m certain i will be here for the olympic games in XX.
　　尽管我住得离北京很远，但我相信XX年奥运会我一定在这儿。
　　本单元语法讲解
　　现在完成进行时：表示从过去某时开始到现在这一段时间里一直在延续的动作。
　　现在完成进行式结构：have / has +been+ doing/
　　1．i have been writing the letter since then.从那时起我一直在写这封信。（动作从过去一直持续到现在还在继续）
　　2．i have been collecting stamps for ten years.自从XX年前我就收集邮票了（动作从过去一直现在还在收集）。
　　3． how long have you been living here?你在这儿已经住了多长时间了。（＂居住＂动作从过去一直现在还在继续）
　　现在完成进行时和现在完成时的区别：
　　1现在完成进行时比现在完成时更强调动作的延续性：
　　2如果没有时间强调，现在完成进行时表示动作仍在进行，现在完成时则表示动作已经结束，
　　3现在完成进行时一般不适用于表状态的动词，而现在完成时则可：
　　unit 7 would you mind turning down the music?
　　turn… down/turn… up 关小声/调大声音（电器）
　　turn… on/ turn …off打开/关闭（电器）
　　move the bike 移动自行车
　　in a minute/right away/in no time 立刻,马上
　　be late for school/class=arrive late for school上学/上课迟到
　　wait in line=stand in line 排队等候
　　cut in line=jump a queue 插队
　　get mad/annoyed 变得生气
　　happen to sb 发生在…身上 half an hour半小时
　　at first 首先 at last=in the end=finally 最后
　　allow sb. to do /not to do sth. 允许某人做/不做某事
　　be allowed to do /not to do sth.某人不被允许某人做/不做某事
　　in public当众地；公开地；公然地in public places在公共场所
　　break the rule 不遵守规则 pick… up 捡起 put …out 熄灭 drop litter 扔垃圾
　　keep the voice down 控制声音
　　do the dishes put on another pair of jeans be at a meeting help me in the kitchen
　　make some posters clothing store follow…around want to be polite
　　stand in the subway door cut in line
　　stand close to .. have different ideas about
　　feel uncomfortable in all situations in public places
　　本单元目标句型：
　　would you mind cleaning the yard?你介意打扫院子吗?
　　not at all. i’ll do it right away. 一点也不. 我马上就扫.
　　would you mind not playing baseball here.你介意不要在这打棒球吗? would you mind giving me a smaller one?
　　sorry, we’ll go and play in the park.对不起，我们到公园去打.could you (please) make dinner? 请做晚饭好吗?
　　that’s no problem. 没问题.
　　could you (please) not feed the dog?=would you mind not feeding the dog?= would you (please) not feed the dog?=please don’t feed the dog, will you?请不要喂狗好吗?
　　if you finish these tasks, we can go to a movie tonight.
　　your barber gave you a terrible haircut.
　　the store clerk gave you the wrong size.
　　the waitress brought you the wrong food.
　　the pen you bought didn’t work.
　　you ordered a hamburger with french fries but only got a hamburger.
　　we asked some people what annoyed them. here’s what they said.
　　i don’t like waiting in line when a shop assistant has a long telephone conversation.
　　this happens to me all the time in the school library.
　　perhaps in the future i should try not to be so polite.
　　the way people behave is different in different cultures and situations.
　　sometimes, rules of etiquette are the same almost everywhere.
　　we might want to ask someone to behave more politely if we see them breaking a rule of etiquette.
　　etiquette means normal and polite social behavior.
　　this may seem like a difficult word at first, but it can be very useful to understand.
　　in fact, we should also take care not to cough or sneeze loudly in public if possible.
　　people don’t usually like to be criticized, so we have to be careful how we do this.
　　看到有人抽烟你可以说：could you please put out that cigarette?
　　看到有人乱丢垃圾你可以说：would you mind picking it up?
　　看到有人插对你可以说：sorry, would you mind joining the line?
　　常见动名词、分词的习惯用法总结
　　使用-ing分词的几种情况
　　1.在进行时态中。如：1.he is watching tv in the room.
　　they were dancing at nine o＂clock last night.
　　2.在there be结构中。如：there is a boy swimming in the river.
　　3.在have fun/problems结构中。如：we have fun learning english this term. they had problems getting to the top of the mountain.
　　4.在介词后面。如：thanks for helping me. are you good at playing basketball？what /how about doing sth? 做某事怎么样?i am interested in playing football.
　　在以下结构中
　　enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事；
　　finish doing th；完成做某事；
　　feel like doing sth 想要做某事；
　　stop doing sth 停止做某事（原来的事）
　　forget doing sth 忘记做过某事；
　　go on doing sth 继续做某事（原来的事）；
　　、remember doing sth 记得做过某事；
　　like doing sth 喜欢做某事；
　　find /see/hear/watch sb doing发现/看到/听到/观看某人做
　　try doing sth 试图做某事；
　　need doing sth 需要做某事；
　　prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事；
　　mind doing sth 介意做某事；
　　miss doing sth 错过做某事；
　　practice doing sth 练习做某事；
　　be busy doing sth 忙于做某事；
　　can＂t help doing sth禁不住做某事；
　　waste time/money doing浪费时间/金钱做…;
　　keep sb.doing让…始终/一直做…
　　stop sb.(from)doing阻止某人做某事
　　prefer doing b to doing b=like a better than a喜欢做a更喜欢做b
　　＂do some +doing＂短语
　　如：do some shopping/do some washing/do some reading/do some practicing/do some cleaning/do some speaking
　　＂go doing＂短语 去做某事（主要指文娱活动等）
　　如：go shopping/go fishing/go swimming/go hiking/go skating/go camping/go skiing（滑雪/go boating /go hunting (打猎)
　　.注意动词的过去分词的常见搭配:
　　i feel(am/was) excited/ surprised/ amazed /interested /tired/pleased/worried/lost
　　keep…closed/ a boy called/named tom
　　unit 8 why don’t you get her a scarf?
　　fall asleep入睡 give… away赠送；分发
　　rather than 宁愿…而不是，胜于
　　would do…rather than do 宁愿…不愿做hear of… 听说
　　make friends with 和……交友 photo album 像册
　　too personal 太私人化
　　not interestingspecial creative enough不够有趣
　　make a special meal 做一顿特别的饭
　　an 8-year-old child 一个8的孩子
　　these days 最近 not…at all 根本不
　　different kinds of不同种类 make her happy 使她高兴
　　someone else 别人（else总是后置）
　　improve english提高英语in different ways以不同的方式 encourage sb to do 鼓励某人做
　　make(great) progress取得进步
　　take an interest in/be interested in 对……感兴趣
　　on my twelfthtwentieth birthday a goldfish—two goldfish
　　a pig namedcalled connie from across china
　　enter a test by singing popular english songs
　　come from all age groups
　　the winner of the women’s competition win the prize
　　try to speak english more
　　a spokesperson from the olympic committee hear of
　　many other fun ways to learn english
　　make friends with a native speaker of english
　　find a good way to learn to learn english
　　本单元目标句型：
　　what should i get my mom for her birthday?我应该为我的妈妈买什么?
　　why don’t you/why not buy /what about buying/how about buying a scarf? 为什么不买条围巾呢?
　　what’s the best gift you have ever received?你曾收到的最好礼物是什么?
　　what a lucky guy! 多幸运的家伙!
　　i think a dog is a good pet for a 6-year-old child.
　　really? i don’t agree. dogs are too difficult to take care of.
　　what are advantages and disadvantages of keeping such a pet?
　　the trendiest kind of pet these days is the pot-bellied pig.
　　pot-bellied pigs make the best pets.
　　however, life with a pig isn’t always perfect.
　　now she is too big to sleep in the house, so i made her a special pig house.
　　the movie was boring. i fell asleep half way through it.
　　13. a leaf from a tree is enough to make her very happy.
　　gift giving is different in different countries.
　　the same gift may be given away to someone else.
　　in the usa, some people ask their families and friends to give money to charity rather than
　　buy them gifts.
　　in sweden, doing something for someone is the best gift. people don’t need to spend too much money. instead, making a meal is enough.
　　china will be the host for the XX olympics and so many chinese people try to improve their english in different ways.
　　china will hold the….
　　nearly all the singers sang very clearly, and looked comfortable on stage.
　　some of these singers were able to sing english songs just as well as native speakers.
　　she said that singing english songs made her more interested in learning english.
　　he agrees that it is a good idea to have fun with english.
　　it suggests ways for beijingers to take an interest in learning english.
　　常见动词不定式词组、句型用法总结
　　.固定用法(非谓语动词)：以下是带to的动词不定式常见搭配
　　希望做某事hope to do sth.  决定做某事decide to do sth. 同意做某事agree to do sth.  需要某人做某事need to do sth.
　　使用某物做某事use sth to do sth
　　迫不及待做某事can’t wait to do
　　准备做某事get/be ready to do
　　尽力/努力做某事try to do sth
　　计划做某事plan to do sth.  不得不have to do
　　轮流做某事take one’s turns to do sth.
　　拒绝做某事refuse to do sth.
　　告诉某人做某事tell sb. to do sth.
　　请某人做某事ask sb. to do sth.
　　希望某人做某事wish sb. to do sth.
　　想要某人做某事want /would like sb. to do sth.
　　同意某人做某事agree sb. to do sth.
　　教某人做某事teach sb. to do sth.
　　喜欢/想要某人做某事 like sb. to do sth.
　　帮助某人做某事help sb. to do sth/help sb.do
　　encourage sb to do鼓励某人做
　　it’s one’s turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事 例句:it your turn to clean the blackboard.
　　it’s time(for sb.) to do sth.是某人做某事时候了
　　例句:it’s time for me to go home.
　　it’s +adj. for/of sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说做某事是……（当adj.是表示性格、品德的形容词时用of）
　　例句: it is easy for me to learn it well.it is very kind/foolish/nice of you to do so.
　　it takes sb. sometime to do sth. 某人做某事花了某时间
　　例句:1.it takes me an hour to get to school by bike. 2.it took me an hour to watch tv last night.
　　3.it will take her two weeks to finish the work.
　　too+adj./adv. to do sth. 太…..而不能 例: he was to angry to say a word.
　　find/think/feel it +adj. to do sth.发现/认为/感到做某事是…例: i find/think/feel it hard to learn english well.
　　序数词+to do 第…..个做某事例句:who is the first to get there?
　　我不知/忘记了怎么办。i didn＂t know/forgot what to do.
　　离开房间时不要忘记/记住关灯
　　例句:don’t forget/remember to turn off the lights when you left the room
　　be+adj+to do sth 例句:i am very sorry to hear that.
　　i am ready to help others.i am happy/pleased/glad to meet you.
　　顺口溜：本领最多不定式，主表定补宾和状；样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢；大家千万要小心，有时它把句型改；作主语时用it，自己在后把身藏；七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开；疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当；逻辑主语不定式，不定式前加for sb.；to前not是否定，各种用法区别开。
　　以下是不带to的动词不定式(即动词原形)的常见用法
　　let sb. do sth让某人做某事   make do sth使得某人做某事
　　hear do sth do sth听见某人做某事 see do sth do sth看见某人做某事
　　why not 或why don’t you +动词原形？为什么不….?（表示建议）例:why not/why don’t you take a walk?
　　某人+had better( not)do 某人最好(不)做某事
　　情态动词can/may /must /should+ 动词原形（包括情态动词的否定形式+动词原形）
　　助动词do/does/did/will/would在构成疑问句或者构成否定句即don’t /doesn’t /didn’t /will not /would not+ 动词原形
　　be going to + 动词原形（表示＂即将＂＂打算＂ 做某事）
　　unit 9 have you ever been to an amusement park?
　　take a ride 兜风
　　take the subwayhave been to, have gone to
　　on the one hand, on the other hand
　　a good place to practice your english
　　outside of chinaend up 结束
　　take a holiday/vacation 度假
　　all year round 全年 such as 例如
　　a zoo called/named… 一个叫做……的动物园
　　during the daytime 在白天
　　wake up 醒来 wake somebody up 唤醒/叫醒某人
　　have a great/nice/wonderful/great time 玩得高兴
　　a wonderful place to take a holiday/to visit一个度假/游览的好地方
　　an english-speaking country 一个讲英语的国家
　　be asleep=fall asleep 睡着
　　go on a disney cruise
　　travel to another province of china
　　the reasons for learning english
　　an exchange student
　　improve my listening skills one….,the other..
　　three quarters of the population are chinese.四分之三的人口是中国人（谓语动词用复数形式）
　　what’s the population of china? 中国的人口是多少？（不用how much提问）
　　the population of china is 1.3 billion中国的人口是13亿。（谓动词用单形式）
　　本单元目标句型：
　　me neither.
　　it’s fun to learn another language.
　　disneyland is an amusement park, but we can also call it a theme park.
　　it has all the normal attractions you can find at an amusement park, but it also has a theme.
　　the roller coaster is themed with disney characters.
　　you can see disney characters walking around disneyland all the time.
　　these are huge boats that also have the disney theme. you can take a ride on the boat for several days, and you sleep and eat on board.
　　there are also many attractions on board just like any other disneyland.
　　the boat rides all take different routes, but they all end up in the same place.
　　it is just so much fun in disneyland.
　　here’s what two of our students said about our school.
　　when i was a young girl, all i ever wanted to do was traveling, and i decided that the best way to do this was to become a flight attendant .
　　i discovered that the most important requirement was to speak english well, so i studied english at the hilltop language school for five years before i became a flight attendant.
　　it was because i could speak english that i got the job.
　　it’s all i have ever wanted to be.
　　however, i know that i have to improve my english, so i have started taking lessons at the school.
　　maybe when i leave school i’ll think about becoming an english teacher rather than a tour guide.
　　what other job is he thinking of doing?
　　you can rent bicycles at the amusement park.
　　for many chinese tourists, this small island in southeast asia is a wonderful place to take a holiday.
　　maybe you fear that you won’t be able to find anything to eat in a foreign country.
　　however, if you ‘re feeling brave, singapore is an excellent place to try new food.
　　if you go to see lions, tigers, or foxes during the daytime, they’ll probably a asleep.
　　one great thing about singapore is that the temperature is almost the same all year round..this is because the island is so close to the equator. so you can choose to go whenever you like—spring, summer, or winter.
　　现在完成时句型举例：
　　have you ever been to an amusement park?你曾经去过游乐园吗?yes, i have./ no, i haven’t.
　　i have never been there. me neither=neither have i. 我也没有.
　　where is he? he has gone to the beijing.
　　how long has he been in beijing? （不能用come/arrive）
　　i’ve never been to an aquarium. 我从没去过水族馆.
　　i have been a student here for a year. 我成为这的学生有一年了. （不能用become）
　　=i became a student here a year ago.
　　he has been dead for two years.（不能用die）=he died two years ago.
　　i have been a teacher since ten years ago(for ten years.) （不能用become）
　　i have just/ever/already/never seen the movie. have you ever heard of the man before?
　　本单元语法讲解
　　现在完成时
　　现在完成时态表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。本时态标志词：
　　already （＂已经＂，用于肯定句中，放在have /has之后或句尾）；
　　yet （＂仍然＂＂还＂，用于疑问句或否定句的句尾）
　　just（＂刚刚＂，放在have /has之后）；
　　before（＂以前＂，放在句尾）；
　　ever（＂曾经＂，放在have /has之后）
　　never （＂从没有＂，在have /has之后）
　　例句：
　　our teacher has just left.
　　we have studied english already.
　　3.i have not finished the homework yet.
　　he has never been to beijing before.
　　某个动作从过去已经开始,一直持续到现在,还有可能持续到将来.动作的持续性要通过一段时间来表示一段时间的表达方法有两种:
　　for: +一段时间 for a year for two weeks for three years
　　since +过去的某一时刻, since nine since last week
　　since +一般过去时态的时间状语从句 since you came ; since you got home.
　　注意：结束性动词不能和表示一段时间的时间状语连用,但是它们可以转换成相应的延续性动词.
　　直接用延续性动词
　　buy– have；catch(get) a cold –have a cold；borrow—keep；become—be；put on-- wear
　　转换成be+名词
　　join the army – be a soldier；join the party –be a party member；
　　go to school– be a student
　　3转换成be+形容词或副词
　　die—be dead；finish – be over；begin—be on；leave—be away ； fall sleep – be asleep close – be closed come to/ go to/arrive at(in)+某地—be in(at) +某地
　　转换成 be+介词短语go to school– be in school ； get up_ be up；
　　现在完成时态常见标志词
　　already（已经）, just（刚刚）, never（从未/从没有）, ever（曾经）, yet（仍然/还）, before（以前（句尾时）
　　since+点时刻或从句; for+段时间; how long（疑问句中用来提问since/for短语的）
　　so far；till now；by now（到目前为止；迄今）
　　recently近来in the past/last+段时间 在过去的几年中
　　once(一次)，twice, three(four…) times
　　it is the+最高级+n.+ (that) sb.have ever done
　　例：what’s the best gift you have ever received? 你曾收到的最好礼物是什么?
　　unit 10 it’s a nice day, isn’t it?
　　feel like doing=want to do sth. 想做某事
　　like to do sth./like doing sth. 喜欢做某事
　　would like to do=want to do 想要做某事
　　like sb. to do 想要某人做某事
　　feel like sth. 觉得像….
　　have a hard/difficult time doing sth 费了很大劲做某事
　　have problem doing sth 做某事有困难
　　have fun doing sth 乐于做某事
　　need to do sth. 需要做某事（主语是人，强调主动）
　　need doing=need to be done 需要被…（主语是物，强调被动）
　　例如：i need to do my homework the bike needs
　　ending/reparing
　　a thank-you notefor.. 感谢信look through 浏览
　　get along/ on well with 相处得好
　　at least 至少at most 最多
　　be careful =look out 当心,小心
　　be careful to do/not to do sth. 小心做/不做某事
　　cross a street =go across a street 过街（穿过表面） go through 穿过（空间/房间/森林等）
　　go past 经过/路过 come along 跟着来
　　say in a low/loud voice 小声地/大声地说
　　something cost+钱= something is worth+钱 某物值多少钱
　　a high/low temperature 高/低温
　　the price is high/low 价格高/低
　　do/try one’s best to do sth.努力/尽力做某事 by noon
　　look through books in a bookstore
　　a boy you’ve never seen before.
　　目标句型：反意疑问句句型如下：
　　注意：以下本单元语法反意疑问句容易考到的几个句型：
　　it looks like rain, doesn’t it? yes, it does./no, it doesn’t看起来要下雨了,是吗?
　　he’s really good, isn’t he? 他确实好,是吗?
　　you are new here, aren’t you? 你是新来的, 是吗?
　　you have never been to beijing, have you?( never表达否定含义,后面用肯定)
　　she has few friends, does she? (few表达否定含义,后面用肯定)
　　tom had little work to do, did he? (little表达否定含义,后面用肯定)
　　you can hardly do the work, can you?  (hardly表达否定含义,后面用肯定)
　　let’s go home, shall we?
　　don’t be late again/let us go home, will you?(祈使句用will you;但let’s开头的用shall we)
　　thank you so much for asking/inviting /having me!非常感谢你邀请我
　　how much does that shirt cost=how much is the shirt?那件衬衣值多少钱?
　　he sure is.
　　this is great weather, isn’t it? it sure is. but it’s a little hot for me.
　　the line is slow, isn’t it?
　　their prices are really low, aren’t they?
　　how big is your apartment?
　　did you see the game on tv friday night?
　　sometimes it isn’t easy being the new kid at school.
　　the video you showed was really fun.
　　i was having a hard time finding it until you came along.
　　friends like you make it a lot easier to get along in a new place.
　　thanks for the tickets for next week’s game.i’m really happy to have the tickets.
　　i’ll think of you as we watch the black socks win the game.
　　the traffic is very busy at this time.
　　i’m going to look through the newspaper for a holiday job.
　　be careful to look both ways before you cross the street.
　　if you have finished your homework, you could help with cleaning and cooking.