高考英语单元知识点复习Unitampnbsp12

　　unit 12
　　理解:要点诠释
　　单词
　　1.matter
　　讲：n.(笼统)事情;事态;麻烦事；占有空间的物体或物质
　　v.成为问题;关系重大
　　matter用以指笼统情况时常用复数形式。用作动词时，主要以it为主语，通常用于否定或疑问句。
　　例:that’s a matter of life and death.
　　那是生死攸关的问题。
　　take matters easy(seriously).
　　对事情抱轻松(认真)的态度。
　　the universe is composed of matter.
　　宇宙由物质构成。
　　it doesn’t matter what you wear,as long as you look neat and tidy.
　　只要看起来干净整洁，你穿什么都可以。
　　链接•提示
　　(1)a matter of 有关……的问题
　　(2)as a matter of fact 事实上
　　(3)for that matter 关于那件事；就那件事而言
　　(4)to make matters worse更糟的是
　　练:the thing that_________ is not whether you fail or not,but whether you try or not.
　　a.matters b.cares c.considers d.minds
　　提示:句意为:重要的不是你是否成功，而是你是否努力了。matter要紧；至关重要。
　　答案:a
　　2.locate
　　讲：v.找出……的位置；指出(确认) ……的场所；设置(工厂、机关等)；位于;定居
　　讲：we couldn’t locate the source of the radio signal.
　　我们无法确定无线电信号的来源。
　　where is the new university to be located?
　　新大学将设于何处？
　　they located their asian office in hong kong.
　　他们的亚洲办事处设在香港。
　　the business is located right in the center of town.
　　商店正好位于市中心。
　　链接•提示
　　locate当作＂位于＂讲时，常与介词in/by/near等搭配。
　　练:(1)___________________ in faraway northwest,this place has its beautiful scenery and fresh air.
　　a.being located b.located
　　c.locating d.to be located
　　提示:be located in的意思是＂位于；坐落于＂。本句需要用过去分词短语作状语。
　　答案:b
　　(2)the small mountain village in_________ we spent our summer holiday last year is________ in what is now part of jiangsu province.
　　a.which;locating b.where;located
　　c.which;located d.which;lain
　　提示:从句子结构看，第一空作介词in的宾语，排除b；lie作＂位于＂讲时，不能用于被动语态，排除d项；be located in的意思是＂位于＂。
　　答案:c
　　3.hesitate
　　讲：vi.(对某事)犹豫；迟疑不决；顾虑；疑虑
　　例:she hesitated before replying.
　　她犹豫了一下才回答。
　　i didn’t hesitate for a moment about taking the job.
　　我毫不犹豫地接受了那份工作。
　　i hesitated to ask you,but will you lend me some money?
　　能借给我点钱吗？我本不想开口，实在不得已。
　　链接•提示
　　(1)hesitation n. 犹豫；踌躇
　　(2)hesitate at nothing对什么都毫不迟疑
　　(3)hesitate to do sth.对做某事犹豫不决
　　(4)hesitate about doing sth.对做某事犹豫不决
　　(5)without hesitation毫不犹豫
　　练:he______________ for a moment before kicking the ball,otherwise he________________ a goal.
　　a.paused;had scored b.hesitated;scored
　　c.stopped;would have scored d.hesitated;would have scored
　　提示:从句子意思看，他没将球踢进，所以第二空用虚拟语气would have scored，排除a、b两项；stop不与一段时间状语连用，故选d项。
　　答案:d
　　短语
　　1.set out
　　讲：该词组的义项有＂出发；动身；开始；着手做；列举；详述＂。
　　作＂开始干某事＂讲时，set out后接动词不定式，set about后接动名词。
　　例:then they set out for the farm.
　　然后他们动身到农场去。
　　they set out to perform the operation.
　　他们开始动手术。
　　he set out his reasons for what he had done.
　　他列举了这样做的理由。
　　链接•提示
　　(1)set out/off for动身去某处
　　(2)set about doing sth.开始做某事
　　(3)set an example做出榜样
　　(4)set aside拨出；留出；不理会；搁置
　　(5)set back往回拨；使倒退
　　(6)set down放下；写下；记下
　　(7)set fire to/set sth.on fire放火烧
　　(8)set foot in/on进入；踏上
　　(9)set to work(使)开始干……
　　(10)set up成立；建立；支起来
　　练:(1)（XX江苏模拟）it’s ten years since the scientist on his life’s work of discovering the valuable chemical.
　　a.made for b.set out
　　c.took off d.turned up
　　提示:make for向……方向前进；set out着手；开始；take off脱掉；(飞机)起飞；turn up把(音量)拧大；露面；出现。从句意看，应该选b项。
　　答案:b
　　(2)the local health organization is reported________ twentyfive years age when dr.green became its first president.
　　a.to be set up b.being set up
　　c.to have been set up d.having been set up
　　提示:依据sth.is reported to do/to be doing/to have done排除b、d两项；依据时间状语twentyfive years age确定答案为c。
　　答案:c
　　2.throw light upon
　　讲：该组词组的义项有＂使(问题等)较容易理解；使人明白＂。
　　该词组中的throw也可以换成cast。
　　例:recent research has thrown new light on the causes of the disease.
　　最近的研究可以使人进一步了解导致该病的原因。
　　can you throw any light on the problem?
　　你能把这个问题阐述清楚吗？
　　链接•拓展
　　light构成的短语:
　　(1)come to light为人所知；变得众所周知；暴露
　　new evidence has recently come to light.
　　新的证据最近已披露出来。
　　(2)be in one’s light挡住某人的光线
　　could you move?youre in my light.
　　挪动一下好吗？你挡住我的光线了。
　　(3)bring sth.to light揭露；披露；暴露；揭发
　　these facts have only just been brought to light.
　　这些事实刚刚被披露出来。
　　练:professor karl is a scientist whose experiments have__________________ the amazing ways.
　　a.brought light on b.thrown great light on
　　c.thrown a great light on d.brought light on
　　提示:在词组throw light on中，light是不可数名词。
　　答案:b
　　3.begin with
　　讲：该词组的义项有＂以……开始；先(从某事做起)＂。
　　begin 后可接宾语，构成begin...with...短语。
　　例:each chapter begins with a quotation.
　　每一章的开头都有一条引语。
　　he usually begins his class with a joke.
　　他通常以一个笑话开始上课。
　　no man can lose what he never had.没有人能失去他从来没有过的东西。
　　the ocean begins with little drops of water.
　　大洋是点滴的水汇成的。
　　链接•拓展
　　(1)to begin with起初；开始；首先；第一点
　　—what was it you didn’t like?
　　你不喜欢的是什么？
　　—well,to begin with,our room was far too small.
　　唔，首先是，我们的屋子太小了。
　　(2)begin as sth.起初是；本来是
　　he began as an actor,before starting to direct films.
　　他先是当演员，后来开始执导影片。
　　练:________________,they had little support,but later on people began to understand them.
　　a.to begin with b.generally speaking
　　c.as a whole d.after all
　　提示:全句意思为:开始时，支持他们的人很少，但后来人们开始理解他们了。generally speaking意为＂一般而言＂，as a whole＂总体＂，after all＂毕竟＂。
　　答案:a
　　句型
　　find+复合宾语
　　讲:注意观察下面教材原句:
　　(1)in their efforts to survive,they find themselves on the surface of the monster itself.
　　(2)they find themselves surrounded by colourful rocks,fishes,...
　　(3)but at other moments you will find him gentle and weak,...
　　例:did you find the life hard in that country?
　　你发现那个国家的生活艰苦吗？
　　when he got there he found some people already working.
　　到了那里以后，他发现很多人已经在干活了。
　　he found the place much changed.
　　他发现这地方有了很大变化。
　　we’ve gone over the contract and found everything in order.
　　合同我们已经看过了，感到没有问题。
　　链接•提示
　　(1)＂find+复合宾语＂结构中，如果宾语是动词不定式或宾语从句，可以使用形式宾语it，而把真正的宾语动词不定式或宾语从句放在宾语补足语之后。
　　(2)find作＂发现＂解时，可以跟下列结构作宾语补足语:
　　(1)形容词
　　(2)名词
　　(3)现在分词(宾语与宾语补足语之间有主动关系)
　　(4)过去分词(宾语与宾语补足语之间有被动关系)
　　(5)介词短语
　　(6)副词
　　(7)动词不定式to be
　　练:(1)when i got off the crowded bus,i found my pocket and the disk in it with the important documents gone.
　　a.picked b.stolen c.missing d.lost
　　提示:从搭配关系来看，应该用pick，因为pocket习惯搭配pick，但wallet等不搭配pick，要和steal等连用。
　　答案:a
　　(2)when i entered the playground,i found a lot of girls volleyball excitedly.
　　a.play b.played c.playing d.plays
　　提示:从句子结构看，选项作宾语补足语，排除d项；girls与play volleyball之间有主动关系，且当时正在进行，故选c项。
　　答案:c
　　辨析
　　1.before long,long before
　　(1)before long意思是＂不久以后＂,相当于soon，可与一般过去时和一般将来时连用。
　　(2)long before的意思是＂很久以前＂或＂在……之前很久＂。long before可以单独使用，也可以在before后接名词或从句。
　　(3)句型:it will be long before...还要很久才……;it won’t be long before...不要多久就……;很快就……
　　即时练习:
　　(1)a new school will be built here .
　　(2)mr.smith stayed in beijing for a year. he came to shandong.
　　(3)he said he had been there .
　　(4)i knew your husband i knew you.
　　(5)it won’t be we get there.
　　答案:(1)before long (2)before long (3)long before (4)long before (5)long before
　　2.discover,invent,find
　　(1)discover指＂发现＂原本存在而未为人所知的东西。discover还作＂发现(某种情况)＂讲，后面可以接名词、代词、复合宾语、宾语从句。
　　(2)invent指＂发明＂原本不存在的东西。
　　(3)find指＂找到；发现；看到＂原本丢失的东西。
　　即时练习:
　　(1)electricity wasn’t________________ by edison,but he _________the electric light.
　　(2)have you_______________ the bike you lost last week?
　　(3)we________________ her to be a good doctor.
　　(4)this kind of machine was__________________ many years ago.
　　(5)they never___________________ how to open the box.
　　答案:(1)discovered,invented (2)found (3)discovered (4)invented (5)discovered
　　诱思：实例点拨
　　【例1】(XX天津模拟)—it’ll take at least 2 hours to do this!
　　—oh,_________________ ! i could do it in 30 minutes.
　　a.come on b.pardon me
　　c.you are right d.don’t mention it
　　提示:第一人说他要花至少两个小时做这项工作，第二个人说:＂得了吧!我能在30分钟做完。＂come on有＂得了吧＂这个意思，故选a项。pardon me意为＂原谅我＂；you are right意为＂你是对的＂；don’t mention it意为＂不用客气＂。
　　答案:a
　　【例2】(XX上海模拟)john became a football coach in sealion middle school _________the beginning of march.
　　a.on b.for c.with d.at
　　提示:at the beginning of在……的开始。
　　答案:d