Unitampnbsp5ampnbspFirstampnbspAid

　　unit 5 first aid
　　第一部分
　　教学设计说明
　　about the topic and the structures
　　单元话题和结构
　　本单元的话题是first aid/急救，学习各种情形下的急救常识；单元句法项目是＂省略＂。
　　教学设计在单元课时划分上与课本保持一致，即＂阅读课、知识课、运用课三课时/三课型划分＂。但在实际教学过程中，我们建议教师依据学生基础、教学条件、学校安排的因素，对课本、对教学设计重新划分课时、裁剪、拼接使用我们提供的材料，以便＂物尽所用＂，达到最佳教学效果。教师也可以参照我们提出的＂实际教学过程课时划分建议＂进行教学。
　　period 1
　　reading
　　阅读课
　　warming up 部分教师可以选择 warming up by describing, warming up by discussing 或者warming up by talking about first aid situations形式激发背景知识、为其后的阅读作好词语、结构和心理的准备。
　　教师可补充：急救电话：火警台119，报警台110，医疗急救台120， 邻居电话号码，辖区内派出所的电话号码，附近医院的电话号码，熟悉的医生的电话号码。
　　pre-reading学生看图回答＂家庭急救＂方面的问题，如＂煤气泄露急救＂：首先关闭液化器的总阀门,然后打开窗户和门,让空气流通,此其间禁止任何烟火,迅速打电话给相关部门,请求排除液化器的故障。 reading是篇说明文，简要说明了生活中常见的烧伤及急救现象，引导学生从形式和内容两方面阅读文本，提高对说明文文体的认识，同时了解急救常识：小面积的i、ii度烧伤，可用清洁的冷水浸泡或用自来水冲洗30分钟至1小时，冲洗后创面涂烧伤膏或消炎药膏。如皮肤已破，不要随便冲洗，应去医院包扎。面积较大的烧伤，在现场进行简单的急救处理后应尽快送医院治疗。
　　period 2
　　learning about language
　　知识课
　　learning about language第一部分是词法训练，强化学生对本单元重点词汇、短语的掌握和实用；第二部分是句法训练，进一步强化学生对英语＂省略＂现象的理解和运用。
　　period 3
　　using language
　　运用课
　　using language重点是阅读＂英雄少年受到表彰＂，拓展对＂急救＂的认识；＂听、说、写＂部分依然围绕＂急救＂展开。口语、书面语部分设计了一个看图说、写＂急救＂的情景。
　　实际教学过程课时划分建议
　　period 1
　　将warming up、 pre-reading、reading和comprehending整合在一起上一节＂阅读课＂。
　　period 2
　　将learning about language 和workbook中的 using words and expressions、using structures 整合在一起上一节＂语言知识课＂。
　　period 3
　　将using language 设计为一节包括听说读写单项技能或组合技能训练的＂综合技能课（一）＂。
　　period 4
　　将workbook 的reading and listening和talking整合在一起上一节＂听说课＂。
　　period 5
　　将workbook 的listening task、reading and writing task和 speaking task整合为一节＂综合技能课（二）＂。
　　第二部分
　　教学资源说明
　　section 1
　　background
　　背景
　　围绕单元话题＂急救＂我们提供了若干实用性背景材料。这些材料既可以作为教师教学参考材料为教师所用，也可以直接或改写、重组后作为课堂内外的拓展性阅读材料呈现给学生。
　　section 2
　　explanation
　　解析
　　重点针对＂阅读课型＂中的课文难句，我们提供了详尽的，就句论句的解析和翻译，并且以解析的焦点话题为线索，进行了一定的归纳、辨析和总结，以帮助教师更好地实施＂语言形式＂的教学。
　　section 3
　　vocabulary
　　词汇
　　按照课本单元词汇表顺序，我们重点提供动词、短语搭配的讲解。所提供的例句，经典、地道、实用、易懂，完全可以直接用于教学。
　　第三部分
　　教学测评说明
　　围绕单元词法、句法项目，我们提供了长短不一的＂单元教学测评＂，并备有参考答案供教师使用。有些测评题目直接源于历年高考试卷，更具有说服力和实用性。
　　part 1 teaching design
　　第一部分 教学设计
　　period 1 a sample lesson plan for reading
　　(first aid for burns)
　　introduction
　　in this period, after the warming up, students will first be guided to read first aid for burns by means of reading aloud to the recording, reading and underlining, reading to identify the main idea of the text, reading and transferring information, reading and understanding difficult words, reading to decide on the type of writing and summary of the idea and making a diagram of the text first aid for burns. to end the period students will be answering the questions.
　　three ＂warming up＂ designs are presented in this book for teachers’ reference. computer and overhead projector may be used to aid the teaching and learning. objectives
　　to help students learn to give instructions
　　to help students learn to read an exposition about first aid
　　to help students better understand ＂saving life＂
　　to help students learn use some important words and expressions
　　to help students identify examples of ＂ellipsis ＂ in the text
　　focus
　　words
　　aid, burn, poison, iron, swell, damage, squeeze, present
　　expressions
　　fall ill, squeeze out, in place, a number of
　　patterns
　　third degree burns are black and white and charred.
　　take clothing off the burns area unless it is stuck to the burn. cool burns immediately with cool but not icy water. do not rub, as this may break any blisters and the wound may get infected. it was john’s quick action and knowledge of first aid that saved ms slade’s life. a knowledge of first aid can make a real difference.
　　aids
　　multimedia facilities, tape-recorder, photos, diagrams 1. warming up
　　⑴warming up by describing
　　good morning, class. today we are going to read about first aid for burns. then what’s first aid is and why is it important?
　　keys for reference:
　　first aid is the first kind of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injured before a doctor can be found. often the illness or injury is not serious, but there are other times when giving first aid quickly will save one’s life.
　　now turn to page 33, look at the pictures. what has happened in each picture?
　　keys for reference:
　　1 a snake has bitten him on his leg.
　　2 she has cut her arm with some broken glass and is bleeding badly.
　　3 he has badly sprained his ankle.
　　4 she is choking on a piece of food.
　　5 she has broken her arm.
　　6 he has a bleeding nose/a nose bleed.
　　⑵warming up by discussing
　　hi, every one. have you been in any of the emergency situations? did you or someone else give help then? if so, what kind of help? when you are involved in the emergency situations, what kind of first aid should you need or give? think it over, and then give us your answers.
　　keys: if the bite or scratch wound is bleeding, apply pressure to the area with a clean bandage or towel until the bleeding stops. if available, use clean latex or rubber gloves to protect yourself from exposure to blood.
　　⑶warming up by talking about first aid situations
　　medical emergencies don＂t occur every day. but when they do, information can help you deal with these situations. then in what situations do we need to offer or receive first aid? animal bites, burns, chemical burns, chemical splash in the eye, chest pain, choking(窒息), cuts and scrapes(擦伤), dislocation(脱臼), electrical burns, electrical shock, fainting(昏晕,), foreign(异质的) object in the ear, in the eye, in the nose etc. foreign object inhaled(吸入), foreign object swallowed, head pain, heart attack, heatstroke(中暑), motion sickness, nosebleeds, poisoning(中毒), severe bleeding, snakebites
　　2. pre-reading by looking and saying
　　work in pairs. look at the picture on page 33, at the bottom of right corner, and tell us what has happened in the picture. what sort of injuries will the child have? what first aid treatment would you give in this situation?
　　keys for reference:
　　the child has pulled boiling water onto herself. she will have bad burns.
　　3. reading
　　⑴reading aloud to the recording now please listen and read aloud to the recording of the text first aid for burns. pay attention to the pronunciation of each word and the pauses within each sentence. i will play the tape twice and you shall read aloud twice, too.
　　⑵reading and underlining
　　next you are to read and underline all the useful expressions or collocations in the passage. copy them into your notebook and write a short passage, making use of them after class as homework.
　　collocations from first aid for burns
　　three layers of skin, protect…against, the sun’s harmful rays, get burned, the treatment of burns, causes of burns, hot liquids, first degree burns, the top layer, mild sunburn, by touching a hot pan, take a few weeks to heal, third degree burns, under the skin, electric shocks, burning clothes, severe injuries, get to a hospital, characteristics of burns, around edge of injured area, first aid treatment, take clothing off the burned area, stick to, the burning process, squeeze…out, break blisters, get infected, in place, cause infection, if possible
　　⑶reading to identify the main idea of the text
　　read the title of the text and the headings within it. tell us what the main idea of the text is and how the information is organized.
　　keys: it is about first aid for burns and the information is organized according to causes, types, characteristics and first aid treatment for burns.
　　⑷reading and transferring information
　　read the text again to answer the questions.
　　a. how is the information organized within the headings of types of burns and characteristics of burns?
　　b. why is the information numbered under the heading of fist aid treatment?
　　⑸reading and understanding difficult words
　　read the text with a partner and underline any words you are not sure about. try your best to guess the meaning of these words. if no one can give the correct meaning, you can look up the dictionary.
　　⑹reading to decide on the type of writing and summary of the idea
　　type of writing
　　this is a quick-reference writing.
　　main idea of the passage
　　it is about first aid for burns and the information is organized according to causes, types, characteristics and first aid treatment for burns.
　　first aid: an important step in the treatment of burns
　　part 1
　　causes of burns: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation, the sun, electricity, chemicals
　　part 2
　　types of burns: first degree burns, second degree burns, third degree burns
　　part 3
　　characteristics of burns: first degree burns, second degree burns, third degree burns
　　part 4
　　first aid treatment
　　part 5
　　key for reference:
　　a. the information is organized according to the types of burns:
　　first degree, second degree and third degree burns.
　　b. the numbers indicate the steps you should take to treat a burn, in the order that they should happen.
　　8. closing down by taking a quiz
　　fill in the blank with one word to complete the summary of the text.
　　first aids for first-degree burns
　　remove the child from the 1_____ source. remove clothing from the 2 _____ area immediately. run cool (not cold) water 3 _____ the burned area (if water isn＂t available, any 4 _____, drinkable fluid can be used) or 5 _____ a clean, cold compress on the burn for approximately 3 6 _____ 5 minutes (do not use ice, as 7 _____ may cause the burn to take longer to heal). do 8 _____ apply butter, grease, powder, or any other 9 _____ to the burn, as these increase the risk 10 _____ infection. if the burned area is 11 _____, loosely cover it with a sterile gauze pad 12 _____ bandage. give your child acetaminophen 13 _____ ibuprofen for pain. if the area affected is 14 _____ (the size of a quarter or smaller), keep the area 15 _____ and continue to use cool compresses 16 _____ a loose dressing over the next 24 hours. 17 _____ can also apply antibiotic cream two to three 18 _____ a day, although this isn＂t absolutely necessary. (keys: 1 heat 2 burned 3 over 4 cold 5 hold 6 to 7 it 8 not 9 remedies 10 of 11 small 12 or 13 or 14 small 15 clean 16 and 17 you 18 times)
　　work out the word and structure questions.
　　1. try to put _____ the fire as soon as possible. a: away b: up c: off d: down 2. loosen all the tight clothing and _____ clothing on or near the burnt area. a: get b: take c: carry d: remove 3. avoid pollution of burn wound and _____ the burned person in comfort dressing him in clean laundry sheets. a: remain b: stay c: ask d: keep 4. put ice pack or cloth soaked in ice water onto the burned part and _____ them often. a: change b: do c: attend d: make 5. it is not right to _____ the burn if it is a third degree burn. a: brush b: wash c: dry d: blow (keys: cddab)
　　answer the questions. why should you put cold water on a burn?
　　because the cold water stops the burning process, stops the pain and reduces the swelling.
　　why doesn’t a third degree burn hurt?
　　because in a third degree burn the nerves have been damages. if there are no nerves, there is no pain.
　　why do you think clothes and jewelry near burns should be removed?
　　because bacteria from the clothes and jewelry could infect the burns.
　　if someone has a third degree burn, why might you see tissue?
　　because all the layers of the skin have been burnt showing the tissue underneath.