来源 | Milken Institute
米尔肯研究所是一个非营利性、无党派的智库，通过将人力、资金和教育资源对接需求方，为应对全球挑战提供切实可行的、可扩展的解决方案，每年会在全球各大主要城市举办超过250场国际论坛。
其创办人和主席是具有传奇色彩的迈克·米尔肯，他的前半生是华尔街贪婪的金融大鳄，并由于金融犯罪在1990年被指控入狱；监狱生涯以及随后患癌症的经历彻底改变了他的后半生，他开始食素、冥想，为教育、医学研究以及全球发展投入了大量的精力和上亿美元的捐赠，由“掘金者”成为“慈善家”。
本文来自米尔肯研究所上月发布的报告《停止观望:超高净值人群战略慈善的未兑现潜力》。
富人们经常说，筹划慈善投资组合是一项艰巨的任务。有许多挑战需要解决，许多组织竞争资金，并且很难衡量影响力。
这在一定程度上解释了为什么此时此刻，世界上只有36%的超高净值人士(净资产超过3000万美元)从事慈善事业。这意味着，社会急需的慈善资本正处于观望状态，等待在解决棘手挑战的关键时刻动用。
米尔肯研究所战略慈善中心(The Milken Institute Center for Strategic Philanthropy)在过去的一年里对超高净值人群的捐赠情况进行了评估，以把握趋势，尤其侧重于社会投资者产生影响力的方式。
虽然50岁以上的男性仍然拥有较大比例的财富，但女性正日益成为慈善事业的推动力。
捐赠者开始在更年轻的时候进行捐赠，将慈善事业视为他们对世界的道德责任的一部分。
通过研究以及与专家和高净值捐赠者的交流，米尔肯研究所战略慈善中心确定了一系列帮助超高净值人士开始或扩大慈善投资组合的策略。
01 依靠慈善生态系统
财富可能是孤立的，但个人不必独自开拓自己的慈善之路。慈善家可以求助社区领导者和其他已经投身于社会变革工作的利益相关者，将资源引导到最需要他们的地方。此外，慈善支持组织和同伴学习网络可以为特定的慈善主题和资助活动提供专家意见。
02 慈善投资组合多样化
捐赠者已经实现了金融投资的多样化——慈善家也应该在捐赠方式和受资助的受益者方面实现捐赠的多样化。当前的事件迫使每个人都去学习新知识和抛弃旧想法，捐赠者也必须努力了解和评估他们常规捐赠范围之外的组织。这是确保资本被用于纠正一些导致根深蒂固的社会不公正的系统性不平等的最佳方式。
03 致力于建设非营利部门
非营利部门已经身先士卒应对新出现的挑战，并带领社区采取行动解决系统性问题。对非营利部门的人员、基础设施和技术的投资，将使各组织能够加强其运营，并扩大有效的解决方案，从而更好地吸收大量资本，进一步扩大其影响力。
04 有效运用所有可用的慈善资产
慈善长期以来一直被誉为社会风险资本。慈善家应充分利用其可支配的全部资本(如金融、社会、知识等)进行必要的“风险投资”，以产生影响力，并应采取整体性的方法来促进转型变革。
闲置的资本可以而且必须投入使用。有了足够的知识和尽职调查，它就能以一种有针对性、战略性的、容忍风险的、对新思维和新方法开放的方式迅速发挥作用。
It’s Time To Step Off The Sidelines: A Call To Action For High-Capacity Philanthropists
Milken Institute
Jun 22, 2020
Wealthy individuals often say that getting a philanthropic portfolio started is a daunting task. There are many challenges to tackle, many organizations competing for funding, and measuring impact can be difficult.
This in part explains why at this moment in time, only36 percent of the world’s ultra-high-net-worth individuals (UHNWIs, defined as having a net worth of $30 million+) are engaged in philanthropy. This means that much-needed philanthropic capital is sitting on the sidelines, waiting to be spent at a time when the need to address stubborn challenges is more urgent than ever.
The Milken Institute Center for Strategic Philanthropy(CSP) has spent the past year assessing the landscape of UHNW giving to identify trends and highlight ways in which social investors are making an impact. This landscape is shifting. While men age 50+ still hold a greater percentage of wealth, women are increasingly becoming a driving force in philanthropy. And donors are starting to give at a younger age, seeing philanthropy as part of their moral responsibility to the world.
Through research and conversations with experts and high-net-worth donors, CSP has identified a number of strategies for UHNWIsgetting started in, or expanding their philanthropic portfolios.
Lean on the philanthropic ecosystem. Wealth can be isolating, but individuals do not have to forge their philanthropic paths alone. Philanthropists can look to community leaders and other stakeholders already steeped in social change work to channel resources to where they are needed most. In addition, philanthropic support organizations and peer learning networks can offer expert advice on specific topics of interest and aid grantmaking activities.
Diversify philanthropic portfolios. Donors already diversify their financial investments—and philanthropists should also diversify their giving in terms of their approach and supported beneficiaries. Current events are forcing everyone to learn and unlearn—and donors must also make the effort to learn about and evaluate organizations outside their usual spheres of giving. This is the best way to ensure capital is being used to right some of the systemic inequities that have led to entrenched social injustices.
Commit to building the nonprofit sector. The nonprofit sector has stepped up to respond to emerging challenges and lead communities intaking action against systemic problems. Investments in the nonprofit sector people, infrastructure, and technology will allow organizations to strengthen their operations and scale effective solutions so that they can better absorb large amounts of capital and further their impact.
Meaningfully deploy all philanthropic assets available. Philanthropy has long been lauded as society’s risk capital. Philanthropists should leverage the full spectrum of assets at their disposal(e.g., financial, social, intellectual) to make the necessary “risk investments” that generate an impact, and should follow a holistic approach to foster transformative change.
The amount of capital that is sitting on the sidelines can—and must—be put to work. And given the knowledge and due diligence available, it can go to work quickly, in a way that’s focused and strategic, tolerant of risk, and open to new mindsets and approaches.
Read more actionable insights and philanthropic strategies in our full report, Stepping Off the Sidelines: The UnrealizedPotential of Strategic Ultra-High-Net-Worth Philanthropy.
ABOUT THE MILKEN INSTITUTE
The Milken Institute is a nonprofit, nonpartisan thinktank. We catalyze practical, scalable solutions to global challenges by connecting human, financial, and educational resources to those who need them. We leverage the expertise and insight gained through research and the convening of top experts, innovators, and influencers from different backgrounds and competing viewpoints to construct programs and policy initiatives. Our goal is to help people build meaningful lives in which they can experience health and well-being, pursue effective education and gainful employment, and access the resources required to create ever-expanding opportunities for themselves and their broader communities.
ABOUT THE CENTER FOR STRATEGIC PHILANTHROPY
The Milken Institute Center for Strategic Philanthropy(CSP) advises individuals and foundations seeking to develop and implement transformational giving strategies and offers leadership to make the philanthropic landscape more effective. We conduct deep due diligence across a range of issue areas and identify the areas where philanthropic capital can make the biggest impact and create a better world. For more information, please visit philanthropy.milkeninstitute.org
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