如果你的目标是写小说,应该看原版The Elements of Style (免费下载):
http://www.jlakes.org/ch/web/The-elements-of-style.pdf
此书第一部分是关于一些“规则”(rules),第二部分是关于一些“原则”(principles)。显然,“规则”(rules)和“原则”(principles)有差别。但是,因为我们是在讨论写作,“规则”(rules)也不都是必须“死守”的。(具体的例子,请看11月11-30日的博客。)
接下来要讨论的一些“原则”(principles),应该能帮助大家更好地理解写作。理解(某一个“原则”)很重要,但是,实践(你自己去写)需要时间。我们常说:罗马不是一天建成的。
II. ELEMENTARY PRINCIPLES OF COMPOSITION
我犹豫是不是跳过此书的第12条。因为,科技英语比较“八股”,照样“画虎”就可以了。你需要多读同行的文章。读着读着,有一天,你就会写了。如果你还是不会写,就继续 读、读、读。
因为我喜欢原作者的风格,决定对原文加注一些和科技英语写作有关的“教诲”。不喜欢看英文原著的,凑合着看我的注解。
另外,我会用Google Translate。GT现在还不成熟,你千万不要拿它当回事。
12. Choose a suitable design and hold to it.
和设计一件娃的衣服一样,选定一个你认为合适的设计,然后就“保持初心”。不过,一个小小的声音在我耳边回响:What about revision? (有时候,大改,可以改得面目全非。)
A basic structural design underlies every kind of writing. Writers will in part follow this design, in part deviate from it, according to their skills, their needs, and the unexpected events that accompany the act of composition. Writing, to be effective, must follow closely the thoughts of the writer, but not necessarily in the order in which those thoughts occur. (忍不住插一脚:写科技论文也是这样,按思路写,不一定是按“谁先到 谁先吃”,即: 想到哪,写到哪。当然,初稿可以。以后慢慢改。好文章是改出来的。靠的是你的revising,不是润色人的editing。有感而发!)This calls for a scheme of procedure. In some cases, the best design is no design, as with a love letter, which is simply an outpouring, or with a casual essay, which is a ramble. (前面的几句话讲得不错,但是,只适合写情书、散文。)But in most cases, planning must be a deliberate prelude to writing. The first principle of composition, therefore, is to foresee or determine the shape of what is to come and pursue that shape.
Google Translate: 基本的结构设计是各种写作的基础。作家将部分地遵循这一设计,部分偏离它,根据他们的技能,他们的需要,以及伴随着作曲行为的意外事件。写作要有效,必须严格遵循作者的思想,但不一定按照这些思想发生的顺序。这需要一个程序方案。在某些情况下,最好的设计不是设计,就像情书一样,只是一个倾盆大雨,或者随意的散文,这是一个漫步。但在大多数情况下,计划必须是故意写作的前奏。因此,构图的第一个原则是预见或确定将来的形状并追求这种形状。
注解:我,不想多评论AI。(只是偷偷一笑:我,暂时不会失业。)
试译上面最后一句:因此,写文章的第一个原则是预先设想、或事先确定 文章的结构 ,并“保持初心”。
A sonnet is built on a fourteen-line frame, each line containing five feet. Hence, sonneteers know exactly where they are headed, although they may not know how to get there. Most forms of composition are less clearly defined, more flexible, but all have skeletons to which the writer will bring the flesh and the blood. The more clearly the writer perceives the shape, the better are the chances of success.
Google Translate: 十四行诗建立在十四行框架上,每行包含五英尺。因此,尽管他们可能不知道如何到达那里,但他们确切地知道他们的目标。大多数形式的构图都没有明确的定义,更灵活,但都有作家带来肉体和血液的骷髅。作者越清楚地认识到形状,成功的机会就越大。
注解:科技英语,不需要太华丽的“血和肉”。有个好的框架(skeleton),加上新的数据(blood)和分析(flesh),就能成稿。
Note on “five feet”: “A sonnet is a one-stanza poem of fourteen lines, written in iambic pentameter. One way to describe a verse line is to talk about how many stressed and unstressed syllables are in the line. A simple grouping of syllables, some stressed, some unstressed, is called a foot. The iambic foot is an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable. Pentameter means there are five feet in the line. "Iambic Pentameter," then, means a line of ten syllables, which alternates unstressed and stressed syllables according to the iambic rhythm.”
From: http://www.rc.umd.edu/sites/default/RCOldSite/www/rchs/sonnet.htm
[科技英语写作基础(系列):大纲(1)
http://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=306792&do=blog&id=1146690
科技英语写作基础(系列):大纲(2)
http://blog.sciencenet.cn/home.php?mod=space&uid=306792&do=blog&id=1146716]
1. 语态(1)
2. 常用时态
3. 一些标点符号“规则”(句号、逗号,参考The Elements of StylePart I)
4. 一些语法“规则”(主语、谓语的一致性、变化多端的代词、分词短语的主人,参考The Elements of Style Part I)
5. 一些基本的写作“原则”(文章结构、段落,参考The Elements of Style)
6. 修改、修改、再修改[简洁为上, see Chapter 7 Concision by Joseph/三种修饰语+两种“问题修饰语”,即悬空修饰语(p161)、错位修饰语/, see Chapter 8 Length by Joseph/逻辑性/一致性]
请大家多提意见。