高一英语必修3第三单元名词性从句导学单

　　名词性从句(1)
　　learning aims:
　　learn and master the object and predicative clause.
　　the usage:
　　i. 基本用法：
　　1.表语从句
　　就是在连系动词之后作表语的从句。表语从句常用that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why, whatever, whoever ，as if， as though。如：her wish is that she could lose weight soon.
　　that is what he is worried about.
　　the question is whether he is able to do it alone.
　　it looks as if (though) it is going to snow.
　　注意：要区分以下句式：
　　1. that’s why+结果；that’s because+原因。
　　2. the reason why /for…is that…
　　he is absent. that’s because he is ill.
　　he is ill. that’s why he is absent.
　　the reason why he is absent is that he is ill.
　　ii．宾语从句
　　就是在复合句中作宾语的从句。引导这宾语从句的连接词有that, whether, who, whom, whose, what, which, when, where, how, why, whatever, whoever。
　　they didn’t say which they wanted. 他们没有说他们想要哪一个。
　　i am sure (that) no harm will ever come to you.
　　i was surprised at what has happened.
　　注意：当think, believe, suppose等的疑问式后面跟连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句时，习惯上将这些连接词置于句首，即＂连接代/副词 do you think /believe /expect 宾语从句的其余部分？＂如：
　　who do you think is the best player this year?
　　what do you suppose you will do after school?
　　iii．名词性从句的基本要素：
　　a. 连接词
　　就是引导名词性从句的关连接词。共有四类：
　　1. 连词that：只起连接作用，没有任何意思，不作任何句子成分，在宾语从句中可省略。
　　2. 连词whether：有＂是否＂之意，但不作句子成分；引导宾语从句时，还可用if。
　　3. 连接代词：who(m), whose, which, what等均有各自的意义，在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。
　　4. 连接副词：when, where, why, how等，有意义，在从句中作状语。
　　5. whoever, whatever, whichever等也可引导名词性从句，意为＂无论/不管……＂。
　　注意：连接词必须位于从句的最前面。
　　b. 语序
　　必须与陈述句语序相同：主语 谓语动词。如：
　　译：我不知道他去哪里了。
　　误：i don’t know where has she gone.
　　正：i don’t know where she has gone.
　　c. 时态一致
　　若主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，宾语从句的谓语动词可根据情况使用各种时态；若主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，其谓语动词必须用某种过去时态。如：
　　she said that his father had gone to beijing. 他说他父亲去北京了。(had不能用has)
　　注：宾语从句是一个客观真理时，可以不一致。如：
　　she told me that the earth goes around the sun. 他告诉我地球围绕太阳旋转。