初中英语（新课标版）中考总复习冲刺材料6

　　【第18讲 被动语态复习 abc】
　　a．熟记结构
　　被动语态的结构为＂助动词be 及物动词的过去分词（p．p）＂。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为：
　　一般现在时：am／is／are p．p．
　　一般过去时：was／were p．p．
　　一般将来时：shall ／will be  p．p．
　　现在完成时：have ／has been  p．p．
　　现在进行时：am／is／are being p．p．
　　过去将来时：should ／would be  p．p．
　　含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词 be p．p．例如：
　　① chinese ______ by the largest number of people．
　　a．speak
　　b．is speaking
　　c．speaks
　　d．is spoken
　　（选d。考查一般现在时的被动语态）
　　② the boy ______ to get supper ready after school．
　　a．were told
　　b．is telling
　　c．was told
　　d．tells
　　（选c。考查一般过去时的被动语态）
　　③ a lot of new roads ______ built in the west of china．
　　a．must
　　b．must be
　　c．has
　　d．have
　　（选b。考查含情态动词的被动语态）
　　b．明确用法
　　被动语态常用于以下两种情况：
　　1．不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；
　　2．强调动作的承受者。例如：
　　这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。
　　the tree ______ ______ by that boy．
　　（填was broken）
　　c．熟练转换
　　1．将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为：
　　①将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；
　　②谓语动词变为＂be 及物动词的过去分词＂，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；
　　③主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by短语可以省略）。
　　2．被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词 一般疑问句。例如：
　　① you must throw the broken pottery away at once．
　　the broken pottery ______ ______ ______ ______ at once．（同义句）
　　（填m ust be thrown away）
　　② where did they grow vegetables？（改为被动语态）
　　where ______ vegetables ______ ？（填were；grown）
　　d．注意特例
　　将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：
　　1．含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：
　　①将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；
　　②将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如：
　　① he told us a story．（变被动语态）
　　we were told a story（by him）．或：a story was told to us by him．
　　② her mother gave her a new pen．（变被动语态）
　　a new pen ______ ______ ______ her by her mother．
　　（填was given to）
　　2．短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如：
　　① this dictionary mustn＂t ______ from the library．
　　a．take away
　　b．taken away
　　c．are taken away
　　d．be taken away
　　［d］
　　② she will take good care of the children．（变被动语态）
　　the children will ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ （by her）．
　　（填be taken good care of）
　　3．含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：
　　someone saw him swim in qianling lake yesterday．（变被动语态）
　　he ______ ______ ______ swim in qianling lake yesterday．
　　（填was seen to）
　　4．不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为＂to be  过去分词＂。例如：
　　the radio says a wild animal zoo is to ______ in our city．
　　a．be building
　　b．build
　　c．be built
　　d．built
　　［c］
　　5．以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：
　　who has broken the cup？（改为被动语态）
　　by whom has the cup been broken？
　　e．注意区别
　　被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：
　　1）含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成；而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较：
　　the window is broken．窗子破了。（系表结构）
　　the window is broken by him．窗子被他打破了。（被动语态）
　　2）用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。试比较：
　　he was very interested in science．他对科学有极大兴趣。（系表结构）
　　i was so much surprised at the scene that i didn＂t know what to do．我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。（被动语态）
　　f．牢记（相关）句型
　　初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：
　　1．be covered with被……覆盖
　　2．be made of由……制作（发生物理变化）
　　be made from由……制作（发生化学变化）
　　be made in由（某地）制造
　　be made by被（某人）制造
　　3．be used for被用来……
　　be used as被当作（作为）……来使用
　　be used to do sth．被用来做某事
　　4．it is said that．．．据说……
　　it is hoped that．．．希望……
　　it is well known that．．．众所周知……例如：
　　①—your coat looks nice．is it ______ cotton？
　　—yes．it＂s shanghai．
　　a．made of；made by
　　b．made of；made in
　　c．made for；made by
　　d．made for；made in
　　［b］
　　② this machine is used ______ the room wet．
　　a．for keeping
　　b．as keeping
　　c．keep
　　d．to keeping
　　［a］
　　③ 据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。
　　______ ______ ______ that ______ ______ is being ______ over the changjiang river in nanjing．
　　（填it is said；another bridge；built）
　　【第19讲：模拟考场】
　　单项选择 
　　i.　 选出划线部分读音相异的词
　　1. a. mind b. dinner c. bridge d. happily
　　2. a. lot b. strong c. doctor d. front
　　3. a. park b. start c. large d. quarter
　　4. a. born b. short c. world d. north
　　5. a. foot b. moon c. cook d. stood
　　6. a. south b. thin c. eighth d. either
　　ii. 选择填空
　　7. lin tao is_______ class 2, grade 3.
　　 a. of b. on c. in d. at
　　8. my sister________ her homework every evening.
　　 a. do b. did c. does d. doing
　　9. cars and buses_______ stop when the traffic lights turn red.
　　 a. can b. must c. may d. need
　　10. ---i＂m sorry to trouble you, miss gao.
　　---______.
　　 a. the same to you. b. fine, thanks. c. that＂s all right d. it doesn＂t matter
　　11. you may call robert thomas brown .
　　 a. mr. robert b. mr. thomas c. mr. brown. d. mr. robert thomas
　　12. the new evening dress_______her 300 yuan.
　　 a. spent b. took c. pay d. cost
　　13. jim ______ at this school ____two years ago.
　　 a. has been ...for b. has been ...since c. have been ...since d. have been ...for
　　14. please ____the radio. it＂s too loud.
　　 a.turn off turn on c. turn down d. turn up
　　15. mr. black couldn＂t buy___many things.
　　 a. he b. his c. himself d. himselves
　　16. could you tell me___the computer?
　　 a. how to use b. to how use c. how use d. how use to
　　17. you＂d better ___late for the meeting.
　　 a. not to b. not be c. not to be d. not
　　18. bruce studies ___dick.
　　 a.so hard as b. as harder as c. as hard as d. as hardy as
　　19. my parents ___teachers of maths.
　　 a. all are b. are all c. both are d. are both
　　20. ----could i speak to mr. smith, please?
　　 ----___. he＂s gone to the post office.
　　 a. i think so b. certainly you can c. i＂m afraid not d. i＂m not sure
　　21. the shop is ____on weekdays. but it＂s ____ on weekends (周末).
　　 a. to open...closed b. opens...closed c. open...closed d. opened...close
　　22. my brother asked me ___kite___.
　　 a. who...this was b. whose...this was c. whose...was this d. who...was this
　　23. ---___do you write to your mother?
　　--once a month.
　　 a. how soon b. how long c. how often d. what time
　　24. who＂s going to ___care of the garden while you are away?
　　 a. have b. give c. take d. look
　　25. there are two chinese classes on friday, ___?
　　 a. is there b. aren＂t there c. are there d. isn＂t there
　　26. ---would you like a cup of tea?
　　---_______.
　　 a. not at all. b.no, i wouldn＂t c. no, thanks d. yes, i like it
　　27. do you enjoy ____popular music?
　　 a.to listen to b. listening to c. to hear d. hearing
　　28. before you decide to buy a new coat, you may ___.
　　 a.try it in b.try in it c. try on it d. try it on
　　29. people plant trees to stop the sand __towards the rich farmland.
　　 a. to move b.to moving c. from move d. from moving
　　30. this jacket ___cotton.
　　 a. makes of b. are make in c. is made of d. made in
　　31. the work was ___difficult ___it took us quite a long time to do it.
　　 a. such...that b. so...that c. too...that d.too...to
　　完型填空
　　at the entrance to a big office in london there was a book. all workers had to write(1) when
　　they (2) each morning. at nine o＂clock, the manager(经理）had to draw a red line (线）(3)
　　the last name in the book, and anyone who came after that had to write why he was (4). when
　　there was a thick (5) in the city, the first person to arrive late usually(6) ＂delayed (耽搁）by
　　fog＂ under the red line in the book, and then everybody(7) who came after thet just wrote＂the
　　same＂. but one foggy morning, the (8) man to arrive late wrote ＂my wife had a baby early this
　　morning ＂ instead of (代替）＂delayed by fog＂ under the red line in the book.twenty (9) thirty
　　people who came after wrote ＂(10)＂ as usual.
　　1. a. numbers 　 b. times 　 c. names 　　d. excuses
　　2. a. arrived b. left 　 c. got up 　 d. met
　　3. a. on 　 b. beside 　 c. above d. under 
　　4. a. out 　 b. late 　 　c. away 　 d. sorry
　　5. a. rain b. fog 　 c. snow d. traffic
　　6. a. found b. understood c. said d. wrote
　　7. a. else b. only c. or 　 d. here
　　8. a. last 　 b. first 　 c. old　　 d. young
　　9. a. with b. of 　 c. or 　 d.but
　　10. a. no b. yes c. ok d. the same
　　passage 1
　　 when martin was a little boy, he lived in the little town---holthan. at that time, he thought the town was very big. well, martin came back to the town last night, ＂it＂s a small town!＂ he thought.
　　 the town has changed very little in the past forty years. but martin has changed a lot. he
　　has grown into a man.his thought (思维) are man＂s thoughts.he sees things through a man＂s
　　eyes.martin stayed in the town for five hours.he walked from street to street, but he knew
　　nobody. was holthan, then, a town of strangers (陌生人)?
　　no. he suddenly understood it all. only he was a stranger of the town.