2019年高考英语知识点单元总复习教案

　　XX届高考英语一轮单元总复习讲义精品荟萃外研版必修五module 2
　　知识详解
　　1.offer　v．　(主动)提出(愿意做某事)，提议，给予，提供
　　n．　出价，建议
　　(回归课本p12)this person has offered to do a job—and may not be paid for doing it.
　　此人主动去做一份工作——而且可能不要报酬。
　　12
　　【归纳总结】
　　【例句探源】
　　①(朗文p1355)they offered him a very good job but he turned it down.他们给他提供了一份很好的工作，但他拒绝了。
　　②the teacher offered a computer to his daughter as a present for her wedding.
　　这位老师给他的女儿一台电脑当做结婚礼物。
　　③the student offered to give me a hand when i was looking for my key everywhere.
　　当我四处寻找我的钥匙时，那位学生主动提出要帮我的忙。
　　④the businessman offered $2,000 for my vase.
　　那个商人出价2,000美元买我的花瓶。
　　⑤thank you for your offer of help.感谢你提供帮助。
　　【易混辨析】
　　offer，provide，supply
　　(1)offer＂提供＂，侧重主动给予，多指具体的事物。多用于：offer sb.sth.或offer sth. to sb.
　　(2)provide＂供应，供给＂，表示为应付某种需要而提供某物，所提供的东西一般是具体的事物，也可以是帮助、经验、机会、答案、例子等抽象的东西。一般用于：provide sth.for sb.与provide sb. with sth.
　　(3)supply＂补给，供给，提供＂，只用于具体事物，侧重补充所需要的东西，有时可以与provide互换。经常用于：supply sth.to sb.或supply sb.with sth.。
　　①the factory supplied a uniform to each of its workers.
　　②i’ve been offered a job in advertising.
　　③these letters should provide us with all the information we need.
　　【即境活用】
　　1．(东北师大附中模拟)talented in skiing，he has hopes of being ________ for the national team.
　　a．elected　　　　　　　b．offered
　　c．hired  d．selected
　　解析：选d。考查动词辨析。句意＂在滑雪上面有天赋，他有希望被挑选进国家队。＂
　　2.you ________ only half the price，how would the seller sell the jacket to you?
　　a．spent b．paid
　　c．charged d．offered
　　解析：选d。spend和pay后面不能直接跟price，offer the price＂出价＂。
　　2.apply　v．　申请；适用，应用；专心，集中精力
　　(回归课本p15)now think of some more questions to ask people applying for these jobs.
　　现在想出更多的问题来问申请这些工作的人们。
　　【归纳总结】
　　(1)apply to 适用于
　　apply...to... 把……应用于……
　　apply to sb. for help 请求某人帮助
　　apply oneself to... 致力于……
　　apply for a job 申请工作
　　(2)application n．请求，申请，申请表，应用；应用程序，应用软件
　　applicant n. 申请人
　　【例句探源】
　　①(高考天津卷)when shaw lost his sight，his wife suggested he apply for a guide dog.
　　当萧失明后，他妻子建议他申领一个导盲犬。
　　②the new technology has been applied to medical examination.这项新技术已被用于医学检查。
　　③you will only pass your exams if you really apply yourself to your study.你只有真正专心致志，考试才能及格。
　　【即境活用】
　　3.the questions on this part of the form only ________ married men.
　　a．appeal to b．apply to
　　c．refer to d．stick to
　　解析：选b。句意＂这些问题仅适用于已婚男人＂。
　　4．(山东青岛模拟)peter has been out of work for half a year，so he wants to ________ a job in this company.
　　a．prepare for b．apply for
　　c．superior to d．object to
　　解析：选b。句意：彼得失业已有半年了，因此他想在这家公司申请这个职位。prepare for 准备；apply for申请；superior to是形容词短语，＂比……优越＂；object to 反对。只有apply for符合本题要求。
　　3.require　v．　需要，要求，命令
　　(回归课本p18)sales staff required in
　　well-known clothes shop.著名的服装公司招聘销售人员。
　　【归纳总结】
　　【例句探源】
　　①all the passengers are required to show their tickets.
　　所有乘客都必须出示车票。
　　②the teacher required that all the students (should)hand in their homework before 5 p．m..
　　老师要求全体同学于下午5点前上交作业。
　　③(朗文p1737)most house plants require good light and regular watering.
　　大多数室内盆栽植物需要良好的光照和经常浇水。
　　④(高考江苏卷)children 15 years of age and younger require only a birth certificate or copy.
　　十五岁或以下的儿童只要求出生证或复印件。
　　【即境活用】
　　5.it is ________ in the regulations that you ________ other people the password of your
　　e-mail account.
　　a．required；not tell
　　b．hoped；not tell
　　c．required；not to tell
　　d．hoped；not to tell
　　解析：选a。require要求后面的宾语从句的谓语使用(should)do形式。
　　6．完成句子
　　my mobile phone ________________ at once.
　　my mobile phone ________ to be ________ at once.
　　我的手机需要马上修一下。
　　答案：requires repairing；requires；repaired
　　4.demand　n．　要求，需求；所需之处
　　v．　需要，要求
　　(回归课本p19)but there will also be a rise in the demand for health care professionals.
　　而对健康护理专家的需求也将会增长。
　　【归纳总结】
　　【例句探源】
　　①(牛津p530)i demand to see the manager.
　　我坚决要求见经理。
　　②the students demand an immediate reply of/from the headmaster.学生们要求校长立刻答复。
　　③he demands that i should return his book before friday.
　　他要我星期五前归还他的书。
　　④harry potter is in great demand at the moment.
　　《哈利•波特》目前十分畅销。
　　⑤it is impossible to satisfy all demands.
　　满足所有需求是不可能的。
　　【易混辨析】
　　demand，request，require，ask
　　这四个动词均有＂要求，请求＂之意。
　　(1)demand 一般指理直气壮地提出强烈要求，或坚持不让对方拒绝的要求。
　　(2)request是正式用词，指非常正式、有礼貌的请求或恳求，多含担心因种种原因对方不能答应的意味。
　　(3)require强调根据事业、需要或纪律、法律等而提出的要求。
　　(4)ask属普通用词，指向对方提出要求或请求，长晚辈、上下级之间都可使用。
　　①she asked that she should be kept informed.
　　②the wearing of seat belts is required by law.
　　③all members of the club are requested to attend the annual meeting.
　　④the president demanded the release of the hostages.
　　【即境活用】
　　7.they demanded that the books ________ to the library at once.
　　a．return　　　　　　b．should return
　　c．be returned  d．would be returned
　　解析：选c。demand 后接宾语从句时，从句中的谓语应用＂(should) 动词原形＂形式，又因句中books与return之间存在被动关系，因此用被动语态。
　　8．it was demanded that we ________ in our papers before friday.
　　a．handed b．hand
　　c．will hand d．have handed
　　解析：选b。此处是demand的被动结构，同样要求后面的从句谓语用(should)do形式。
　　5.have an effect on　对……产生影响
　　(回归课本p13)this last experience had a profound effect on timoteo.最后的这次经历对铁穆特欧产生了重大影响。
　　【归纳总结】
　　【例句探源】
　　①holding the olympic games has a good effect on the development of china.
　　举办奥运会对中国的发展有很好的影响。
　　②the medicine failed to take effect.这药没见效。
　　③a new system of taxation will come into effect/be brought into effect.一种新的税制将要实行。
　　【即境活用】
　　9.the talk between the headteacher and me had much effect ________ my study.
　　a．in b．on
　　c．to d．at
　　解析：选b。have much effect on＂对……有很大影响＂。
　　10．完成句子
　　the heavy snow ________________________ traffic on the freeway.
　　这场大雪对高速公路的交通产生巨大影响。
　　答案：had a great effect on
　　6.in response to　作为……的回应
　　(回归课本p18)i am writing in response to your advertisement for a temporary position as a waiter.
　　我现在写信是为了应聘你们登广告要招的临时服务生的工作。
　　【归纳总结】
　　【例句探源】
　　①the film star made no response to the question asked by that reporter.这位电影明星对那个记者的问题未作回答。
　　②(朗文p1681)the law was passed in response to public pressure.在公众压力下该法规获得通过。
　　③he responded to his boss，＂i have given john a month’s notice.＂
　　他回答老板：＂我已经通知约翰一个月后他将被辞退。＂
　　【即境活用】
　　11．(江苏四市调研)nowadays，many people walk to work ________ copenhagen conference calling for living a low-carbon lifestyle to cope with global warming.
　　a．in relation to　　　　b．in response to
　　c．in addition to  d．in opposition to
　　解析：选b。考查介词短语。句意＂如今，许多人走路上班来响应哥本哈根会议应对全球变暖，低碳生活方式的呼吁。＂
　　句型梳理
　　1.【教材原句】 although there is not a lot of traffic，on average，one vehicle comes off the road every two weeks.(p12)
　　尽管交通量不大，但平均每两周就有一辆车驶出公路。
　　【句法分析】此处although引导让步状语从句。注意此类从句中主句不用but，但可用yet。
　　①although his business is small，(yet)he makes good bread.
　　他的生意规模虽小，收入可观。
　　②although she is young，she is very independent.
　　虽然她很年轻，但是很有主见。
　　【注意】　although，though，as均可引导让步状语从句。although引导的从句只能用正常语序。as或though从句一般放在主句之前，常用倒装语序。从句中的表语、状语或动词原形置于句首。若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。
　　注意比较下面的说法：
　　( )smart though/as she is，she doesn’t study hard.
　　( )though she is smart，she doesn’t study hard.
　　( )although she is smart，she doesn’t study hard.
　　( )smart although she is，she doesn’t study hard.
　　【即境活用】
　　12．we had to wait half an hour ________ we had already booked a table.
　　a．since b．although
　　c．until d．before
　　解析：选b。although引导让步状语从句，意为＂虽然＂，句意：虽然我们订了座位，但是我们不得不等半小时。since表示＂自从＂；until表示＂直到＂；before表示＂在……之前＂。
　　13.young ________ he is，he knows a great deal about advanced technology.
　　a．as b．although
　　c．so d．yet
　　解析：选a。句意：他虽然年轻，但对先进的技术了解甚多。young as he is although/though he is young，相当于一个让步状语从句。
　　2.【教材原句】　he was driving a lorry load of bananas when he came off the road at a bend and fell three hundred metres down the mountain.(p13)
　　他正驾驶着一辆满载香蕉的卡车，突然在一个拐弯处偏离了车道，坠落到山下300米处。
　　【句法分析】　when在本句中为并列连词，意为＂就在那时＂，相当于and at that time。
　　when用作＂就在那时＂时，常用于下列句型中：
　　(1)sb.was doing sth. when...某人正在做某事，就在那时……
　　(2)sb. was about to do sth.when... sb. was on the point of doing sth. when...某人正要做某事，就在那时……
　　(3)sb.had (just)done sth. when...某人刚做完某事，就在那时……
　　①he was doing his homework when the lights went out.
　　他正在写作业，就在那时灯灭了。
　　②she was about to raise her hand when class was over.
　　她正要举手，就在那时下课了。
　　③he had just sent an e-mail to his friend on the internet when his computer broke down.
　　他刚给他朋友发了封电子邮件，就在那时电脑出故障了。
　　【即境活用】
　　14．on a rainy day i was riding my bike to pick up my son ________ a terrible accident happened ahead.
　　a．who　　　　　　　　b．which
　　c．while  d．when
　　解析：选d。句意＂在一个下雨天我正在骑自行车去接我儿子，这时前面突然出了个事故。＂
　　15.i had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busily drying myself with a towel ________ i heard the steps.
　　a．while b．when
　　c．since d．after
　　解析：选b。句意＂我刚从浴室出来忙着用毛巾擦身子这时我听到有脚步声。＂