2019中考英语必背的20组词语辨析

　　中考考点
　　初中阶段大致有150组词语辨析,近几年中考英语常考的有20组左右?中考试题考查词语辨析主要是每组词或短语之间的细小差别,是为了检测同学们辨别词形和运用词汇的能力?
　　词语辨析集中在对实词,即对名词?动词?形容词?副词等的考查?主要考查同义?近义?形近词汇的辨析以及词组与习惯用法的辨析?
　　必背知识
　　1. after, in
　　这两个介词都可以表示＂……(时间)以后＂的意思?
　　after 以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子中?如:she went after three days. 她是三天以后走的?
　　in 以现在为起点,表将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子中?如:she will go in three days. 她三天以后要走?
　　2. how long, how often, how soon
　　how long指多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如three days, four weeks 等)提问?如:how long ago was it? 这是多久前的事了?
　　how often指每隔多久,主要用来对频率副词或状语(如once a week等)提问?如:—how often does he come here? —once a month. 他(每隔)多久来一次?每月一次?
　　how soon指再过多久,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(in an hour, in two weeks 等)提问?如:how soon can you come? 你多快能赶来?
　　3. few, a few, little, a little, several, some
　　few 和little的意思是否定的,表示＂很少＂或＂几乎没有＂;而a few和a little的意思是肯定的,表示＂有一些,有一点儿＂?
　　few 和 a few修饰可数名词;little 和 a little 修饰不可数名词?
　　several用于修饰可数名词,语意比a few和some更肯定,含有＂好几个＂的意思?
　　some可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,从数量上说,它有时相当于a few 或 a little,有时指更多一些的数量?
　　4. the other, another
　　the other 指两个人或事物中的＂另一个＂,表示特指?如:we stood on one side of the road and they stood on the other. 我们站在街这边,他们站在那边?
　　another着重于不定数目中的＂另外一个＂,表示泛指,所以常用来指至少三个中的一个?如:she has taken another of my books. 她已经拿了我的另外一本书?
　　5. spend, take, cost, pay
　　spend的宾语通常是时间?金钱?在主动语态中,句子的主语必须是人,而且后面不能用动词不定式做它的宾语?如:she spent the whole evening in reading. 她把整个晚上用来读书?
　　take常常用来指＂花费＂时间,句子的主语通常是表示事物的词语?如:how long will this job take you?你做这项工作要花多长时间?
　　cost 指花费时间?金钱或力气等,只能用表示事物的词做主语,并且不能用于被动语态?如:how much does the jacket cost?这件夹克多少钱?
　　pay 主要指主语(某人)买某物(或为某事)付多少钱(给某人)?如:i pay for my rooms by month. 我按月支付租金?
　　6. speak, say, talk, tell
　　这四个动词都有＂说＂的意思?speak的意思是＂讲话;演讲＂,着重指说话的动作,指开口说或连续不断地说,多用作不及物动词;用作及物动词时,其宾语是语言名称?如:he can speak japanese. 他会说日语?
　　say的意思是＂说;讲＂,一般用作及物动词,着重指说话的内容?它的宾语可以是名词?代词或直接引语等?如:she says, ＂don’t draw on the wall!＂她说:＂别在墙上画画!＂
　　talk的意思是＂说;讲;谈话＂,与speak意义比较接近,但不如speak正式,着重强调两人之间的相互谈话,也可指单方面的谈话?如:she is talking with john in english.她正在和约翰用英语交谈?
　　tell意为＂告诉;讲述;吩咐＂,多指以口头方式将某事告诉某人,常接双宾语?除了story, news, truth, joke, lie(谎言)等直接宾语外,还可以接人等间接宾语?如:she is telling the children a story.她正在给孩子们讲故事?
　　7. among, between
　　between 的意思是＂在……中间,在……之间＂,一般指在两者之间?如:there is a table between two windows. 在两扇窗户之间有一张桌子?between 有时也表示在多于两个以上的事物之间,但那是指在每二者之间?如:the relationship between different provinces and municiplities 省市和省市之间的关系(这里是指每两个省市之间的相互关系?)
　　among 的意思是＂在……中间?在……之中＂,一般指在三个或三个以上的同类事物之中?如:the teacher distributed them among the students. 老师把这些东西分给了学生?
　　8. beat, win
　　这两个词都有＂获胜,打败＂的意思,但其后宾语不同?beat是＂打败,优于＂的意思,后面接人或队?如:we beat them. 我们打败了他们?
　　win指＂赢,获胜＂,后面接比赛?名次?如:we won the match/game/race/the first place. 我们赢了这场比赛(获得了第一名)?
　　9. agree with, agree on, agree to
　　agree on表示＂就……取得一致意见＂?如:we all agree on (making) an early start. 我们一致同意及早出发?
　　agree with表示＂与……意见一致＂,后面既可以跟表示人的名词或人称代词,也可以跟表示意见?看法的名词或what引导的从句?如:i agree with you without reservation.我毫无保留地同意你的意见?we agree with what you said just now.我们同意你刚才所说的意见?
　　agree to后面不能接人,只能接＂提议,计划,方案＂等词句?如:i agree to the terms proposed. 我同意拟议的条件?
　　10. bring, take, carry,fetch
　　这四个词都是动词,都含有＂带＂或＂拿＂的意思,但使用的场合各不相同?
　　bring作＂带来,拿来＂解?如:next time don’t forget to bring me a copy of your work. 下次不要忘了把一份你的作品带给我?
　　take是bring的对语,作＂带去,拿去＂解?如:take the box away, please. 请把盒子拿走?
　　carry表示＂运载,携带＂之意,运送的方式很多,可以用车?船,也可以用手甚至用头?如:this bus is licensed to carry 100 passengers. 这辆巴士准载一百人?
　　fetch则表示＂去拿来＂的意思?如:please fetch me the documents in that room. 请到那间房间去把文件拿来给我?
　　11. each, every
　　两词都是＂每个＂的意思,但着重点不同?each着重个别的情况,every着重全体,有＂所有的＂的意思?如:she knows each student of the class.她认识这个班里的每一个学生?she knows every student of the class.她认识这个班所有的学生?
　　12. no one, none
　　no one指＂没有人(只能指人,不能用来指物)＂,意思与nobody相同,作主语时不必跟of连用,如:no one believes him since he is not honest. 没有人相信他,因为他不诚实?no one else but i went. 除我以外,谁也没去?
　　none指＂一个也没有(既可指人,也可指物)＂,作主语时代替不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词,谓语动词用单?复数都可以?但在＂主+系+表＂结构中,如果表语为复数,则系动词要用复数形式?如:none of us are(is) afraid of difficulties. 我们谁也不怕困难?
　　13. go on doing, go on to do, go on with
　　这三个动词短语都有＂继续做某事＂的意思,其区别如下:go on doing表示＂继续做,一直在做某事(中间无间断)＂;go on to do表示＂接着做某事＂,即某事已做完,接着做另一件事;go on with也表示＂继续做某事＂,其含义是某一动作一度中止后,又继续下去?
　　14. too much, much too
　　二者都有＂太,非常＂之意,much too为副词词组,修饰形容词?副词,不可修饰动词?如:it’s much too cold.天气实在是太冷了?
　　too much作＂太多＂讲,有以下三种用法?
　　(1)作名词词组?如:you have given us too much. 你给我们的太多了?
　　(2)作形容词词组修饰不可数名词?如:don’t drink too
　　much wine. 不要饮太多的酒?
　　(3)作副词词组修饰不及物动词?如:she talks too much. 她说话太多?
　　15. lonely, alone
　　二者都可表示＂孤独,独自＂,alone指客观存在的＂孤独＂,而lonely更偏重一种主观感受上的＂寂寞＂?如:i went alone. 我是一个人去的?mary lived alone, but she didn’t feel lonely. 玛丽孤身一人生活,但她并不感到孤独?
　　16. happen, take place与occur
　　happen有＂偶然＂的意思,多用于客观事物?情况的发生?如:whatever has happened to your arm? it’s all swollen. 你的手臂怎么了?肿得好历害?
　　occur 指有计划地使某些事＂发生＂?有时强调＂呈现＂于人的知觉中?如:did it occur to you to phone them about it?你难道没想到就这事给他们打个电话?
　　具体事物?事件作主语时,happen和occur可以通用?如:the accident happened/occurred yesterday. 事故是昨天发生的?
　　take place 指事件发生,但常用来表示＂举行＂的意思,带有非偶然性?例如:the meeting took place last night.会议昨晚举行?
　　17. in front of, in the front of
　　in front of的意思是＂在……前面＂?如:there is a tree in front of the house.房子前面有一棵树?
　　in the front of的意思是＂在……前部＂,指在某个空间范围内的前面?如:there is a blackboard in the front of the classroom. 教室里前部有一块黑板?
　　18. find, find out
　　两者都有＂发现＂的意思,但语义有差别?find有偶然发现某物的意味?如:he found a bag on the floor. 他发现地板上有个书包?
　　find out指＂经过,探听,询问＂,指调查之后的＂发现＂或＂弄清楚＂?如:please find out who took my book by mistake.请查清楚谁错拿了我的书?
　　19. noise, voice, sound
　　这三个词都作＂声音＂解,在表示＂听到声音＂这个意思时,三者可以通用?但它们又各有特定的含义?
　　sound 作＂声音＂解,含义最广,指可以听到的任何声音,如:a weak sound 微弱的声?
　　noise作＂噪音,嘈杂声,吵闹声＂解,指不悦耳,不和谐的声音?它既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词?如:another kind of pollution is noise. 另外一种污染是噪音?
　　voice 作＂声音＂解时,多指人发出的声音,包括说话声?歌声和笑声?如:he shouted at the top of voice. 他高声呼喊?有时也用于引申意义,作＂意见?发言权＂解?如:i have no voice in the matter. 对于这件事,我没有发言权?
　　20. arrive, get, reach
　　三者均可表示＂到达＂,arrive后通常接介词at(一般用于较小的地方)或 in(一般用于较大的地方)?如:we arrived at the station five minutes late. 我们晚了5分钟到车站?又如:they will arrive in paris next monday. 他们将于下周星期一到达巴黎?
　　get之后通常接介词to?如:when we got to the park, it began to rain. 我们到达公园时,就开始下雨了?
　　reach是及物动词(较 get更正式),其后可直接跟地点名词做宾语(不能用介词)?如:he reached beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京?
　　中考真题
　　单项选择
　　1. a lot of story books are on sale, but ______ good ones.
　　a. any b. some
　　c. few d. many
　　2. —is mr. brown driving here?
　　—i’m not sure. he _____ come by train.
　　a. may b. shall
　　c. need d. must
　　3. the music made me think of the _______ of a running stream.
　　a. shout b. noise
　　c. voice d. sound
　　4.—how nice the mp4 is! how much is it?
　　—it ______ me 500 yuan.
　　a. spent b. cost
　　c. bought d. paid
　　5. after a long journey, the eight pandas from wolong safely ____ in beijing.
　　a. arrived b. reached
　　c. got d. came
　　6. don’t forget to _______ ＂thank you＂ when someone has helped you.
　　a. speak b. tell
　　c. say d. talk
　　7. please ______ your notebook with you when you come.
　　a. take b. carry
　　c. bring d. hold
　　8.—mike, you _____ the magazine since last week. can you return it now?
　　—sure.
　　a. borrowed
　　b. have borrowed
　　c. have kept
　　d. lent
　　9. —what do you often do _______ classes to relax yourself?
　　—listen to music.
　　a. over b. among
　　c. between d. through
　　10.—our team ______ the match. we’ve got the first place!
　　—well done! congratulations!
　　a. hit b. beat
　　c. won d. watched
　　11. there are a lot of colorful flowers on ________ sides of the streets.
　　a. each b. both
　　c. either d. all
　　12. he seemed to be worried in the waiting room. a bottle of water went from one of his hands to _________.
　　a. another
　　b. others
　　c. the other
　　d. the others
　　13.—why does kate look upset?
　　—perhaps she has made _______ mistakes in her homework.
　　a. little b. a little
　　c. few d. a few
　　14. —_________ do you go to the library?
　　—i usually go to the library twice a week.
　　a. how long
　　b. how often
　　c. how far
　　d. how many