一、议论文
开头段：
1、when talked about ,the overwhelming majority of people are of the opinion that---- but others think a little bit differently that-------
2、there has been a heated discussion about-----some people think that-------( 正观点)， others, however, are of the opinion that---(反观点)
中间段：
those who argue that----(正观点) have the reasons as follows。
first, ------
second,------
third/besides,------
others also have their own opinions。( 反观点)
on the one hand,-----
on the other hand,-----
last but not the least,-----
结尾段：
1、to sum up, i hold that ------(正反观点随便选一种，正观点为多数，或者说个中立的观点)
2、in conclusion,(同上)
3、in summary,
4、from what"s said above, i"d like to bring my story to a conclusion that--------
二、说明文/描述文(常见有柱状图、饼状图以及表格)
开头：
as is vividly/symbolically shown/described/depicted/illustrated/revealed in the
drawings/photos/pictures, we can find with ease that-----(据图所示，我们可以很清楚地看出---)
中间：由上述所表示的情况写出现象背后的本质
结尾：提出自己的想法(解决方法、办法或手段)
under such circunstancens, we ought to take drastic measures to lessen the phenomenon. only in this way can the problem be solved。
三、应用文
开头：说明写信/通知等的目的
中间：有补充地翻译提纲(要有所扩展和延伸)
结尾：固定结构(再次感谢、道歉，或希望参加活动等)
