The MetropolitanMuseum of Art opened an exhibition on the Pre-Raphaelites of the 19th century last week, with 30 pieces showing wistfulfigures in drapedclothing often surrounded with flowers. But while the floraltouches might seem like colorful accents to us, to Victorians there was a language in the flowers.
上周，美国大都会博物馆举办了一场19世纪前拉斐尔派画展，展出的30幅作品中，裹着长袍的画中人凝神静思，身边往往鲜花簇拥。虽然画中的花朵对我们来说看上去像多彩的点缀，但对维多利亚时期的人来说，花儿们有其独特的花语。
Daffodils
黄水仙花
Daffodils, with their sunny hues, could mean unrequitedlove and chivalry, and here rest alongside the scrapof sheet music in Rossetti"s "Veronica Veronese" (1872).
黄水仙拥有阳光的色泽，可以象征单相思和骑士精神。在罗赛蒂的《维罗妮卡·维罗纳》（1872）中，黄水仙花放置于曲谱之上。
Apple Blossoms
苹果花
An apple blossom could mean good fortune, the promise of better things ahead, or preference, and here Rossetti wraps an idolizedwoman from a Giovanni Boccaccio poem in its blooms.
苹果花可以象征好运、未来会更好的承诺或者偏爱。在这里，罗赛蒂把乔万尼·薄伽丘诗歌中一位偶像化的女子卷裹于苹果花之中。
Roses
玫瑰花
Still a common symbol, roses for the Victorians also meant love. Depending on their color, they could indicate the deepness or innocence of that love, ranging from white for purity to burgundyfor an unconsciousadoration. Here they are pink in a vase in a Rossetti study.
玫瑰花至今仍是常用的示爱之花，对维多利亚时期的人来说它也表示爱情。不同颜色的玫瑰花可以代表爱的深度或纯度，从象征天真的白玫瑰到象征无意识爱恋的紫红玫瑰，不一而足。在罗赛蒂的书房里，花瓶里插的玫瑰是粉红色的。
Hawthorn
山楂花
Hawthorn was used to symbolize hope, and also could be used as a charm against magic. Here Merlin is tangled in its branches in an 1874 painting by Edward Burne-Jones.
山楂花既用于象征希望，也用于象征对抗魔法的咒语。在爱德华·伯恩－琼斯这幅1874年的画作中，梅林法师被山楂树枝缠住了。
Daisies
雏菊花
When John Everett Millais painted the doomed Ophelia of Shakespeare"s Hamlet, he gave her all the flowers of the original text in the lush scene of death. Included are daisies for innocence, which could also symbolize purity and even "farewell."
约翰·埃弗里特·米莱斯在依照莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》来创作这幅逝世的奥菲莉娅时，他按照原文为她描画了簇拥的花朵，表现出浓郁的死亡气息。这其中就包括象征天真的雏菊，它同时还可以象征纯洁以及“再见”。
The Poppy
罂粟花
Seen in the bottom right corner of Dante Gabriel Rossetti"s "Lady Lilith" (1867) —which is crowded with symbolic flowers —the red poppy often meant imagination and eternal sleep, but also pleasure.
在但丁·加百利·罗赛蒂这幅画满象征性花朵的《莉莉斯小姐》中，我们可以在画面右下角看到红色的罂粟花，它通常表示想象和永恒的沉睡，但也象征欢乐。
