Unit9OptimismandPessimism

　　一. 教学内容： Unit 9 Optimism and Pessimism. lesson 4  二. 重点、难点：  语法
　　lesson 4 revise and improve infinitives &gerunds
　　infinitive or gerund: i like swimming. i like to swim.
　　gerund only: i enjoy swimming.
　　infinitive only: i want to go.
　　let’s take a look:
　　with some verbs, we use the verb+ an infinitive.
　　afford, expect, refuse, agree, hope, plan, seem, appear, learn pretend, want, decide
　　manage, promise
　　i promise to give the book back to you.
　　i want to watch a movie.
　　with some verbs, we use the verb +a gerund.
　　admit, finish, give up, avoid, consider, mind, delay, postpone, suggest, enjoy, put off, deny
　　have you finished doing your homework?
　　i enjoy walking in the rain.
　　some verbs can take either an infinitive or a gerund
　　begin, hate, love, like, start: there is no difference in meaning between the infinitive and gerund forms.
　　forget, regret, remember, stop, try: there is a difference in meaning between the infinitive and gerund forms.
　　i forgot going to their house. (i went there, but i forgot about it.)
　　i forgot to go to the office. (i was supposed to go there, but i didn’t because i forgot.)
　　now you try:
　　1. he can’t afford __________a computer. (buy)
　　2. it stopped __________a few minutes ago. (rain)
　　3. don’t forget __________your grandfather! (call)
　　4. did you finish __________your homework yet? (do)
　　5. i hope __________a good grade in english. (get)
　　6. i decided __________her for help. (ask)
　　7. it isn’t easy to give up __________chocolate. (eat)
　　a work by yourself
　　complete the sentences using infinitives or gerunds.
　　1. write down three activities that you like.
　　i like ________________________________________.
　　2. write down three activities that you don’t enjoy.
　　i dislike ________________________________________.
　　3. what do you think people should stop doing?
　　i think people should stop ____________________.
　　word bank
　　verbs take an infinitive:
　　afford expect refuse agree plan seem appear learn pretend
　　want decide
　　verbs take a gerund:
　　admit finish give up avoid consider mind delay postpone
　　suggest enjoy
　　b work in pairs
　　interview your partner with the following questions:
　　if you study at night, what time do you usually finish?
　　what activity do you like?
　　what do your parents want?
　　what activity do you really hate?
　　what do you want to give up?
　　what was the last thing you promised?
　　what’s your big hope for next year?
　　what things does your teacher expect?
　　is there something you should quit?
　　now, write down your partners’ replies in your notebook. remember to use the correct form after the verb!
　　my partner said he/ she usually finishes studying at ____________________. he/ she likes ____________________. he/ she hates ______________________________.
　　c work as a group
　　read your partner’s answer, and listen as other group members read their partners’. ask questions!
　　三. 具体内容：
　　listen and speak conversations in context
　　a exchange the underlined expressions with the new ones on the right. practice the dialogue with your partner.
　　a: welcome to our store. may i help you?
　　b: yes, please. i’d like to buy some tea.
　　a: what kind of tea would you like?
　　b: i’m not really sure. what do you recommend?
　　i want to find some nice tea.
　　i hope i can buy some nice tea.
　　which ones are the most popular?
　　can you recommend some good chinese teas?
　　b practice the dialogue with your partner. change the dialogue around each time.
　　a: can i help you?
　　b: yes. i’d like to buy a pair of jeans for my friend.
　　a: ok. what size does your friend wear?
　　b: size 28, i think.
　　a: what do you think of these?
　　b: they look nice. how much are they?
　　a: they’re $24.99.
　　b: ok. i’ll take them. could you gift-wrap them please?
　　a: of course.
　　a pair of shoes for my father – size 11-$19.50
　　a shirt for my cousin –medium -$9.99
　　a pair of socks for my friend –size 7 or 8- $3.00
　　a t-shirt for my friend –large -$5.49
　　a coat for my mother –small -$39.99
　　how do you like these?
　　do you like these?
　　what do they cost?
　　what price are they?  【典型例题】  1. she is welcome _________ here whenever she likes.  a. to stay b. stay c. staying解析：选a。welcome 是不及物动词，但不可以说welcome sb. to do sth. 或welcome sb. to some place.   2. there was_________ time _______ i liked to drink tea.  a. a, that b. a, when c. the, that  解析：选b。＂there was a time when…＂这个句式表示＂曾经有一段时间……＂   3. —do you think the stars will beat the bulls? —yes. they have better players, so i _________ them to win.  a. hope b. expect c. prefer  解析：选b。hope后不能带由不定式作宾补的复合宾语，即不能说hope sb. to do sth. ；expect 是＂期待＂的意思，prefer sb. to do＂宁愿某人做某事＂的意思。   4. i must apologize for ___________ it ahead of time.  a. letting you not know  b. not letting you know c. letting you know not 解析：选b。本题考查动名词否定式在句中作介词宾语的用法。not必须放在动名词前。