范文健康探索娱乐情感热点
热点动态
科技财经
情感日志
励志美文
娱乐时尚
游戏搞笑
探索旅游
历史星座
健康养生
美丽育儿
范文作文
教案论文

八年级下册英语总复习资料(广州牛津版英语)

  广州版八年级下册英语知识点汇总
  u1 复习
  一、短语
  1.在……岁时at the age of
  2.代替 in place of/ instead of
  3.付出代价 at a price
  4.为某事感激某人be grateful/thankful to sb for sth
  5.电视播放的on television
  6.对某人要求严格be strict with sb
  7.上钢琴课take/have piano lessons
  8.病倒 fall ill
  9.对……负责be responsible for
  10.从那时起from then on
  11.放弃 give up
  12.我们时代的of our time(s)
  13.获得奖项win/get/receive an award (for sth.)
  14.玩得开心have fun
  15.获得一个机会get a chance
  16.表演,演出give a performance
  17.例如such as
  18.在许多大型活动 at many huge events
  19.鼓励某人做某事encourage sb to do sth
  20.西方古典音乐western classical music
  21.钢琴天才piano prodigy
  22.对……感到好奇be curious about
  23.an experiment on … 关于…的实验
  24.找寻、思索search for
  25.使发生;导致 lead to (led pt.)
  26.厌倦;厌烦(做某事)be tired of doing sth
  27.保护……以免…… protect…from sth
  28.被称为……;被称作…… be known as…
  29.因…为人所知be known for
  30.在他的一生中during his lifetime
  31.使某人/某物怎样make sth./sb. + adj.
  32.建立;创建 set up
  33.总是、一直is/ was always doing
  34.同时at the same time
  35.了解learn about
  36.出生在某地be born in
  37.与…无关have nothing to do with
  38.意味着做某事meaning doing sth
  39.打算做某事mean to do
  40.在做……方面有天赋have a gift for doing sth
  41.坚持做……keep doing sth.
  42.出于热爱for love
  43.不再想某人;不再把某人放在心上forget about sb
  44.得了吧come on
  45.储蓄;攒钱save up
  46.靠某人自己on one’s own
  47.帮助某人give sb a hand
  48.共同的,共有的in common
  49.与……平等be equal to
  50.足够……以至于能够做某事be adj. enough(for sb) to do…
  51.太…以至于不能做某事be+ too+ adj.+ to do sth.
  52.对……产生兴趣become interested in
  53.总计;总数in total=in all
  54.历史上 in history
  55.……方面的专家an expert on/at/in…
  56.为……而战fight for…
  57.为反对……而战 fight against…
  58.提供帮助offer to help
  59.被认为是……be regarded as…
  60.从……退休retire from…
  二、词汇
  responsibility (n.) -- responsible (adj.)
  piano (n.) -- pianist (n.)
  prodigious (adj.) -- prodigy (n.)
  stun (n.) -- stunning (adj.)
  west (n.) -- western (adj.)
  classic (n.) -- classical (adj.)
  music (n.) -- musical (adj.)
  compete (v.) -- competition (n.)
  succeed (v.) -- success (n.) -- successful (adj.)
  sudden (adj.) -- suddenly (adv.)
  perform (v.) -- performance (n.)
  encouragement (n.) -- encourage (v.)
  talent (n.) -- talented (adj.)
  invent (v.) -- inventor (n.) -- invention (n.)
  curiosity (n.) -- curious (adj.)
  nature (n.) -- natural (adj.) -- naturally (adv.)
  improve (v.) -- improvement (n.)
  science (n.) -- scientist (n.)
  equip (v.) -- equipment (n.)
  find (v.) -- finding (n.)
  actual (adj.) -- actually (adv.)
  develop (v.) -- development (n.)
  efficiency (n.) -- efficient (adj.)
  include (v.) -- including (prep.)
  pave (v.) -- pavement (n.)
  manage (v.) -- manager (n.)
  intelligence (n.) -- intelligent (adj.)
  confidence (n.) -- confident (adj.)
  bravery (n.) -- brave (adj.)
  determine (v.) -- determined (adj.)
  design (v.) -- designer (n.)
  三、语法
  1.i couldn’t agree more. 我再同意不过了。
  2.include & including
  3.the number of &a number of:
  4.win & beat
  beat=defeat 的宾语是人或队伍, 表示"打败……";
  win 的宾语不能是人,而是奖金,奖杯,比赛,战争等, 如win an award, win the competition。
  5.过去进行时
  构成: was / were + doing 用法:过去某个时间正在进行或发生的动作
  常与过去进行时连用的时间状语:
  at ten o’clock last night, then, this time yesterday, at that time,
  from 8 to 9 last wednesday…
  when,while?
  过去进行时常与when, while引导的时间状语从句连用, 意思是"当……之时"。
  when后面既可跟延续性动词,也可跟瞬间动词,常用过去式
  while后面一般跟延续性动词,常用进行时;强调两个动作同时发生,或表示对比时只能用while
  the telephone rang when(while) i was taking a bath.
  all the students were sleeping soundly when the fire broke out. (此句中不可以用while)
  father was preparing a report while i was playing games.
  unit 2复习提纲
  一、词形转换
  1. fun (adj.) funny2. succeed (n.) success, (adj.) successful
  3. amuse (n.) amusement
  4. own (n.) owner
  5. sleep (adj.) asleep, sleepy
  6. angry (n.) anger
  7. happy (n.) happiness (opp)unhappy
  8. express (n.) expression
  9. art (n.) artist
  10. delight (adj.) delighted
  11. splendid (adv.) splendidly
  12. possible (adv.) possibly
  13. complain (n.) complaint
  14. wonder (adj.) wonderful
  15. bore (adj.) boring, bored
  16. frighten (adj.) frightened
  17. worry (adj.) worried
  18. close (adj.) closed关闭的, close亲密的
  19. open (adj.) open
  20. cheer (adj.) cheerful
  21. think (adj.) thoughtful
  22. good (n.) goodness
  23. value (adj.) valuable
  24. care (adj.) careful/careless, (n.)carelessness
  25. exist (n. ) existence
  26. skill (adj.) skilful
  27. true (adv.) truly
  28. fail (n.) failure, (opp.) pass, succeed
  29. wisdom (adj.) wise
  30. smart (opp.) foolish
  31. humour (adj.) humorous
  32. collect (n.) collector
  二、短语
  1. 充满be full of, be filled with2. 对(某物)很满意 be delighted with
  3. 为……工作 work for4. 同意做某事 agree to do sth.
  5. 尽力做 try to do sth.6. 同(某人)比赛,迎战 play against
  7. 二十世纪三十年代末 in the 1930s8. 射门得分 score a goal
  9. 想到 think of10. 戏弄(某人)play a trick on sb.
  11. 使…陷入麻烦 get sb. into trouble12. 出发,启程 set out
  13. 到处跑 run around14. 救生衣 life jacket
  15. 犯事而落到(某人)手里 get in trouble with sb
  16. 大量的 plenty of17. 追溯到,始于 date back to
  18. 到处跑 run around19. 存在,现有 in existence
  20. 嘲笑 laugh at21. 处于良好的状态 in good condition
  22. 来自世界各地的 from all over the world23. 撞倒(某人) knock sb down
  24. 一个叫做…的人 a man called/ named…25. 回答,答复 in reply
  26. 有很长的历史 with a long history27. 不挡某人的道 move out of one’s way
  28. 画出…的轮廓 draw an outline of29. 朝上看 look up
  30. 处于困境,有麻烦的 in trouble31. 熬夜 stay up
  33. 想去做某事 would like to do sth.34. 兴奋的表情 a cheerful expression
  35. 灿烂的笑容 a big smile36. 做…的方法 a way to do/ a way of doing
  37. 以多少赢… beat sb. by…to… 38. 活过来 come to life
  39. 我们能够做的一切是 all we can do is40. 处于危险之中 be in danger
  41. 为某人准备某物prepare sth for sb
  三、语法
  1、形容词的一般用法
  1)放在被修饰的名词前做定语:a cold and windy day;
  2)放在连系动词后做表语:feel lonely;
  常见的连系动词有:
  a.be, keep, stay, appear, seem
  b.感官动词:look, sound, taste, smell, feel
  c.表示"变得":grow, get, turn, become, fall, go
  3)形容词修饰不定代词something, anyone, nobody等时,应放在不定代词的后面:something interesting
  4)注意以下形容词加ly之后的区别:
  wide(宽阔的)widely(广泛的):five metres wide, widely used;
  deep(深度)deeply(深深的):five metres deep, deeply moved;
  hard(努力的/地)hardly(几乎不):work hard, hard work, hard understand
  near(附近)nearly(几乎,大部分):near the school, nearly everyone
  5)只能做表语的形容词:afraid, alone, asleep, awake, alive, well, ill, frightened;
  6)ly结尾的形容词:lonely, friendly, lively, lovely;
  7)-ed(表示人或物的情绪、状态,表示被动)与-ing(表示人或物的特征、本质,表示主动)结尾的形容词的区别
  2、it is+adj.+ (for /of sb.) to do sth形容词常表示事物的特征特点
  eg: it is necessary for them to get an electrician to do the work for them.
  = they are necessary to get an electrician to do the work for them.
  it is +adj.+ of sb. to do sth. 形容词表示人物的内在评价(人的本质)。
  eg: it is very clever of you to work out the math problem in such a short time.
  = you are very clever to work out the math problem in such a short time.
  unit 3复习提纲
  一、短语
  1.…之旅the trip to… / the tour of…
  2.电影制作大赛a film-making competition
  3.游乐场 an amusement park
  4.作为娱乐for pleasure/fun
  5.从…中得到乐趣 take pleasure in
  6.拍摄电影shoot (shot~) films
  7.吓一大跳jump out of one’s skin
  8.朝…大吼roar at
  9.闻起来像… smell like…
  10.给…留下深刻印象
  make/leave a deep impression on sb
  11.剧烈地震动shake violently
  12.被淋湿 get wet
  13.看起来像真的 look real
  14.似乎seem to do
  15.电影明星film / movie star
  16.扮演角色act / play a role
  17.根本不 not…at all
  18.担任……工作 work as…
  19.以…作为背景be set (in)
  20.尽力做某事try to do
  21.(飞机等)起飞,脱下(衣服)take off
  22.与……交朋友make friends with
  23.清理clean up
  24.关闭(电/水龙头)turn off
  25.撞到…..bump into
  26.一定是 must be
  27.赚钱make money
  28.…的一个方面one aspect of…
  29.长大grow up
  30.一两周a week or two /one or two weeks
  31.不断做某事keep doing sth.
  32.一直all the time
  33.不再not…any longer / no longer
  34.手机mobile phone
  35.值得做be worth doing
  36.……的部分 part of…
  37.一会儿for a while
  38.打算做某事be planning to do/ be going to do
  39.考虑做某事think about/of doing sth.
  40.对…惊奇be amazed by / at
  41.上演be on
  42.宁愿(不)做某事would rather (not) do
  43.开车接送某人pick sb up
  44.社交活动social event
  45.几个a couple of
  46.对某人有不良的影响have a bad influence on sb
  47.有做…的时间have time to do sth
  二、词汇
  set (v.) -- setting (n.)
  music (n.) -- musical (n./ adj.)
  lone (n.) -- lonely (adj.)
  romance (n.) -- romantic (adj.)
  enjoy (v.) -- enjoyable (adj.)
  move (v.) -- moving / moved (adj.)
  extreme (adj.) -- extremely (adv.)
  fun (n.) -- funny (adj.)
  friend (n.) -- friendship / friendliness (n.)
  colour (n.) -- colourful (adj.)
  amaze (v.) -- amazing / amazed (adj.)
  power (n.) -- powerful (adj.)
  wonder (n.) -- wonderful (adj.)
  excite (v.) -- exciting (adj.)
  tradition (n.) -- traditional (adj.)
  sudden (adj.) -- suddenly (adv.)
  fantasy (n.) -- fantastic (adj.)
  act (v.) -- action / actor / actress (n.)
  horrible (adj.) -- horror (n.)
  introduce (v.) -- introduction (n.)
  lead (v.) -- leading (adj.)
  end (v.) -- ending (n.)
  conclude (v.) -- conclusion (n.)
  society (n.) -- social (adj.)
  completely (adv.) -- complete (adj./v.)
  imagine (v.) -- imagination (n.)
  feel (v.) -- feeling (n.)
  luck (n.) -- lucky (adj.) -- luckily (adv.)
  direct (v.) -- director (n.)
  三、语法&句型
  1.both…and 谓语复数
  not only…but also, neither…nor, either…or 就近原则
  as well as, with, along with 与前面的名词保持一致
  2.too much, much too & too many
  3.try to do & try doing
  4.make的用法 使…成为…make sth./sb. + n. 使…怎样/做某事make sth./sb. +adj. / v.
  5.see sb sth doing & see sb/sth do
  6.no one & none
  7.whether & if
  8.so &such
  9. 语法重点:直接引语变为间接引语,
  把直接引语改为间接引语时,要注意以下变化:
  1) 确定连词&语序
  陈述句: (that) 可以省略,语序不变。
  主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said, 也可用told来代替,注意,可以说said that, said to sb.that, told sb. that,不可直接说told that
  一般疑问句: if/whether, 语序是陈述句的语序
  原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等),
  he said, "do you have any difficulty with pronunciation?"
  he asked (me) whether/if i had any difficulty with my pronunciation.
  特殊疑问句: 使用原句疑问词 when, where, who等, 语序改为陈述句语序
  主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达
  祈使句: 把句子改为以下句式:ask/tell/order sb. (not) to do sth.
  2) 转换人称
  根据情况做相应的改变,"一随主,二随宾,三不变"
  主格:i you he she it we they
  宾格: me you him her it us them
  形容词:my your his her its our their
  名词性物主代词: mine yours his hers its ours theirs
  反身代词:myself yourself himself herself ourselves yourselves themselves
  3) 时态的转变
  主句: 现在时或将来时,从句:不变
  she says, "i’ll never forget the days in the country."
  she says that she’ll never forget the days in the country.
  主句: 过去时,从句: 对应的过去时态
  从句中是真理性的时态不变
  the geography teacher said, "the sun rises in the east and sets in the west."
  the geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
  直接引语间接引语
  一般现在时am / is / are do / does一般过去时was / were
  did
  现在进行时am/is/are doing过去进行时was / were doing
  现在完成时have / has done过去完成时had + done
  一般过去时was / were did一般过去时
  过去完成时was/were/did
  had + done
  一般将来时am/is/are going to do
  will do过去将来时was / were going to do
  would do
  主句是过去时,从句的时态变化
  4) 指示代词和时间状语的变化
  this----- that these----- those here----- there
  now-----then today-----that day tonight---that night
  tomorrow-----the next day/the following day
  next week-----the next week two days ago-----two days before
  yesterday-----the day before last night-----the night before
  the day before yesterday ---- two days before
  the day after tomorrow ---- in two days
  注意个别趋向动词的变化:come----go, bring----take
  u4复习
  一.短语
  1.教育访问 educational visit (to)
  2.当地人local people
  3.我首先想到的一点my first thought
  4.…的一部分part of
  5.教育交流educational exchange
  6.寄宿家庭host family
  7.交流生exchange student
  8.被要求做某事be required to do
  9.随身携带某物take sth with sb.
  10.做…方面的演讲give a talk about/on
  11.做菜;烹饪do some cooking
  12.获知,了解learn about
  13.全世界 throughout the world
  14.被…深深地感动be deeply affected (by)
  15.改善improve the situation
  16.获得奖学金win the scholarship
  17.去观光旅行go on sightseeing tours
  18.与…某人交朋友make friends with sb
  19.与…呆在一起stay with sb.
  20.也;还as well as
  21.从那时起since then(用于完成时)
  22.与…保持联系keep in touch with sb
  23.进行交流go on an exchange
  24.允许某人做某事allow sb. to do sth.
  25.出国go abroad
  26.参加take part in
  27.远离be away from
  28.一点点 a bit (of)
  29.名胜place(s) of interest
  30.四处观光do much sightseeing
  31.给某人拍照take pictures of sb.
  32.少于less than
  33.与…相似be similar to
  34.一直呆在…have been in
  35.大声说出shout out
  36.向…表达自己的看法give one’s opinions to
  37.起初at first
  38.与…开始聊天start a conversation with
  39.即使even if/though
  40.在咖啡厅in a cafe
  41.向某人询问关于…的建议ask sb. for advice on sth.
  42.乐于做某事 be ready to do sth
  43.同学们 fellow students
  44.开始喜欢take to
  45.想家get homesick
  46.文化冲击culture shock
  47.过了一会儿after a while
  48.习惯于(做) 某事get /be used to (doing) sth.
  49.一直all the time
  50.与…不同be different from / to
  51.与…相比 compare to…
  52.中学high school
  53.感到不安feel uneasy
  54.便服casual clothes
  55.中学 high school
  二.词汇
  1.host (opp.) – hostess
  2.educate(v.)-education(n)-educational(adj)
  3.think (v.) - thought (n.) – thoughtful(adj)
  4.patience (n.) - patient (adj.)
  5.confidence (n.) - confident (adj.)
  6.arrangement (n.) - arrange (v.)
  7.organize (v.) - organization (n.)
  8.deep (adj.) - deeply (adv.)
  9.improvement (n.) - improve (v.)
  10.govern (v.) - government (n.)
  11.situate (v.) - situation (n.)
  12.value (v.) - valuable (adj.)
  13.fortunately (adv.) - fortunate (adj.)
  14.scholar (n.) - scholarship (n.)
  15.realization (n.) -- realize (v.)
  16.simple (adj.) -- simply (adv.)
  17.comfort (v.) -- comfortable (adj.)
  18.strange (adj.) -- stranger (n.)
  19.converse (v.) -- conversation (n.)
  20.familiar (adj.) -- unfamiliar (adj.)
  21.organization (n.) -- organize (v.)
  22.use (v.) -- used (adj.)
  23.proper (adj.) -- properly (adv.)
  24.apart (adv.) -- apartment (n.)
  25.easy (adj.) -- uneasy (adj.)
  三.语法&句型
  1. a bit &a little
  2. "疑问词 + 动词不定式"的转换
  "疑问词 + 动词不定式"结构相当于一个名词性从句,常常可用同等成分的从句代替。改写后的句子需要在疑问词后加上相对应的主语,并要注意主谓语单复数的一致性。如:
  the question is where to put it.  the question is where we should put it.
  问题是应该把它放在哪里才好。
  we can"t decide when to start.  we can"t decide when we should start.
  3. have gone to/have been to/have been in:
  have gone to+地点"已去了…(还未回来)"
  have been to+地点"去过…(原来去过,现在已回)"句尾常接次数或多个地点或before,或句中常有ever, never等。
  have been in+地点,"已在…(多久了)"句尾常接for+时间段,或since +时间点/一般过去时的句子。
  4. don’t think… 认为…不… (否定前移)
  i think it is impolite to say so.= i don’t think it is polite to say so.
  当主句谓语动词是think, believe, feel, guess, suppose等表示"观点、信念、推测"等心理活动时,常常使用这种结构。
  i believe he is guilty.= i don’t believe he is innocent.
  这种结构的反意疑问句主语和谓语动词必须与宾语从句中的主语和谓语动词保持一致。
  i think lucy can do well in the exam, can’t she?
  i don’t think he will come here on time, will he?
  5. though和although都可以表示"虽然;尽管",但不要根据汉语习惯,在后面使用连词but, 不过有时它可与 yet, still 等副词连用。例如:他虽然年纪很大了,但还很强壮。
  误:although he is very old, but he is quite strong.
  正:although he is very old, (yet) he is quite strong.
  相同点:
  用作连词,引导让步状语从句,两者大致同义,可换用,只是 although 比 though 更为正式:
  though (although) it was raining,we went there. 虽然下着雨,但我们还是去了那儿。
  we are still happy, though (although) we are poor, 我们虽然穷,但仍然很快乐。
  不同点:
  1) although 一般不用作副词,而 though 可用作副词,且一般放在句末(不放在句首),意为"可是、不过":
  it’s hard work. i enjoy it, though. 工作很辛苦,可是我乐意干。
  he looks fit, though. 但他看起来很健康。
  2) 在 as though(好像,仿佛),even though(即使,纵然)等固定短语中不能用 although:
  you look as though you know each other. 你们看起来好像互相认识。
  even though i fail, i’ll keep on trying. 即便我失败了, 我还会不断尝试。
  3) though 可用于省略句(省略从句的主语和谓语), although 不能.
  though (he is) alone, he is happy. 尽管他一个人,但他却很快乐。(though在这里可看作副词,修饰形容词alone)
  u5复习
  一、短语
  1.完全清醒 be wide awake
  2.数目可观的a generous amount of
  3.零花钱 pocket money
  4.毕竟;归根到底 after all
  5.买某物给某人buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.
  6.被允许做某事 be allowed to do sth.
  7.几乎从不 hardly ever
  8.付款给某人做某事 pay sb. for doing sth.
  9.替某人付款 pay for sb
  10.期望某人做某事 expect(sb) to do sth.
  11.最新的时尚物品the latest fashions
  12.在预算之内 within a budget
  13.代沟 a generation gap
  14.对…认真;当真be serious about
  15.依赖某人/某物be dependent on sb./sth.
  16.不依赖,脱离…..而独立be independent of sb./sth.
  17.对…负责take/have the responsibility for=be responsible for
  18.某人的责任 the responsibility of sb.
  19.流行音乐 pop music
  20.对…担心/忧虑 be concerned about
  21.信任believe in
  22.幸福的童年 a happy childhood
  23.总经理 a senior manager
  24.对…感到遗憾/难过 be/ feel sorry for…
  25.因某事和某人争论argue with sb about sth.
  26.独生子女 an only child
  27.同甘共苦share one’s happiness and sadness
  28.给某人关于…建议give sb. advice on sth
  29.抚养;养育 bring up
  30.到…的旅游 a visit to…
  31.狂热的粉丝 a big fan of
  32.关心 care about
  33.让某人为某事烦恼…bother sb. about sth
  34.对…感到不满be unhappy with/about…
  35.洗衣机 washing machine
  36.洗衣服/碗 wash the clothes/ dishes
  37.用手的,手工的by hand
  38.不同意disagree with
  39.提出建议make a suggestion
  40.得到自控能力gain self-control
  41.在…方面浪费金钱waste money on
  42.帮忙做家务 help with the housework
  43.学会做某事 learn to do sth.
  44.为…工作 work for
  45.周末 at weekends
  46.在工作日 on weekdays
  47.鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth.
  48.艰难的工作 hard work
  49.努力地工作 work hard
  50.客厅、起居室living room/sitting room
  51.让某人做某事have sb do sth
  52.被提供一份…的工作 be offered a job as…
  53.改变主意 change one’s mind
  54.愿意做某事 be willing to do sth.
  55.坚持做某事 insist on doing
  56.盼望做某事 look forward to doing sth.
  57.试着做某事try doing sth.
  58.尽力做某事 try to do sth
  59.向…道歉apologize to sb=give an apology to sb.
  60.平均总数 an average total of
  二、词性转换
  1. argument (v.): argue2. advantage (opp.): disadvantage
  3. fair (opp.): unfair4. concerned (v.): concern
  5. happy (n.): happiness (opp.): unhappy6. behavior (v.): behave
  7. suggest (n.): suggestion8. regulation (adj.): regular
  9. important (n.): importance10. pack (n.): packing
  11. apologize (n.): apology12. culture (adj.): cultural
  13. agree (opp.): disagree14. latest (adv./ adj.): late
  15. independent (n.): independence16. responsibility (adj.): responsible
  17. sad (n.): sadness18. care (adj.): careful (opp.): careless
  19. tire (adj.): tiring/ tired20: express (n.): expression
  21. advertising (v.): advertise22. decide (n.): decision
  23. will (adj.): willing24. immediately (adj.): immediate
  25. attract (n.): attraction26. revise (n.) revision
  27. insist (n.) insistence (adj.) insistent 28. law (n.): lawyer
  29. unfortunate (adv.) -- unfortunately 30. belong (n.) : belongings
  31. neighbour (n.) -- neighbourhood (n.) 32. happy (n) :happiness
  33. complain(v.) --- (n.) complaint
  三、语法与句型
  1. 英语中很多动词后都可以接两个宾语,sb.(间接宾语),sth.(直接宾语)
  eg: take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb.如果直接宾语放在动词后的话,大多数都是用介词to把sth.连接起来,但是有些动词确实接for
  eg: cook sth. for sb. make sth. for sb. buy sth. for sb. order sth. for sb. draw sth. for sb.
  2. 宁愿做某事:prefer to do sth. = would rather do sth.
  宁愿做a不做b:prefer doing a to doing b = would rather do a than do b = prefer to do a rather than do b
  3. 宾语从句(关于祈使句与感叹句的转换,其它部分见u3复习提纲)
  当直接引语是祈使句时,转换成间接引语时通常转换为ask sb. to do sth.或者tell sb. to do
  sth.
  用ask sb to do sth:
  1)直接引语的祈使句含有please
  2)直接引语用比较委婉的疑问句,eg: could/ can you open the door for me?
  用tell sb. to do sth.
  1)直接引语的祈使句不含please
  2)直接引语用语气较为强烈的陈述句,eg: you should/ must open the door for me.
  当直接引语是感叹句时,转换为间接引语不需要改变它的语序
  eg: 1)what a beautiful lady she is!
  he said that what a beautiful lady she is!
  2)how fast the horse is!
  he said that how fast the horse is!
  unit 6 复习
  一.短语
  1.在周六上午on saturday morning
  2.文学著作works of literature
  3.休息一下have/take a rest
  4.过来,出现come along
  5.想到一个好主意have a wonderful idea
  6.捡起pick up
  7.回去工作go back to work
  8.嘲笑laugh at
  9.经过;路过come by
  10.继续做某事go on doing
  11.过了一会儿after a while
  12.粉刷一下do some painting
  13.干得好do a good job
  14.等等and so on
  15.各种各样的all sorts of
  16.对…越来越感兴趣get more and more interested in…
  17.想要某事被做want sth. to be done
  18.一脸忧虑的表情with worry on one’s face
  19.心里暗自高兴with joy in one’s heart
  20.向某人提供某物 offer sth. to sb.= offer sb. sth.
  21.在午夜at midnight
  22.挖出dig up
  23.吵架;争论have an argument
  24.打昏某人 knock sb. out
  25.用某物刺伤某人 stab sb. with sth.
  26.醒来wake up
  27.知道真相know the truth
  28.把某人关进监狱 put sb. in prison
  29.被绞死;被处死刑 be hanged
  30.在最后时刻at the last moment
  31.大声叫出call out
  32.释放某人set sb free
  33.集中(注意、关心)于focus on
  34.注意…pay attention to (doing)sth
  35.热衷于;喜爱be keen on(doing)sth
  36.担任…的职位work as…
  37.盼望;期望look forward to(doing)sth
  38.实现某人抱负achieve one’s ambition
  39.来回航行sail up and down
  40.养家support one’s family
  41.四处旅游travel around
  42.银矿工人silver miner
  43.美国南北战争the american civil war
  44.某人的有生之年the rest of one’s life
  45.发表演讲give lectures
  46.被认为是be considered to be
  47.受骗be cheated
  48.抽出…给某人spare sb. sth. = spare sth. (for sb.)
  49.捉弄某人play a trick on sb
  50.嘲笑laugh at
  51.走上前; 走近come up
  52.有自己的一套;随心所欲have one’s own way
  53.说服某人做某事persuade sb to do sth
  54.鼓舞某人做某事inspire sb to do sth
  55.在…的末端on the end of
  56.找出;查明find out
  57.向某人致敬pay a tribute to sb
  58.到处;各处here and there
  59.使某人迅速离开hurry sb. away
  60.扑灭put out
  61.尽可能…as… as one can=as…as possible
  二.词汇
  literary (adj.) -- literature (n.)
  adventurous (adj.) -- adventure (n.)
  include (v.) -- including (prep.)
  proper (adj.) -- properly (adv.)
  paint (v.) -- painting / paint (n.)
  kill (v.) -- killer (n.)
  scare (v.) – scared/scaring (adj.)
  joy (adj.) -- enjoy (v.) -- joyful (adj.)
  -- joyfully (adv.) -- joyless (adj.)
  argue (v.) -- argument (n.)
  true (adj.) -- truth (n.)
  print (v.) -- printer (n.)
  achieve (v.) -- achievement (n.)
  ambition (n.) –ambitious (adj.)
  mine (n./v.) -- miner (n.)
  history (n.) -- historical (adj.)
  simple (adj.) -- simply (adv.)
  -- simplify (v.) -- simplified (adj.)
  pave (v.) -- pavement (n.)
  measure (v.) -- measurement (n.)
  tradition (n.) -- traditional (adj.)
  engineer (n.) -- engineering (n.)
  inspire (v.) -- inspiration (n.)
  explore (v.) -- exploration (n.)
  freeze (v.) – frozen/freezing (adj.)
  novel (n.) – novelist (n.)
  consider(v.)- consideration(n.)
  romance(n.) – romantic (adj.)
  solution (n.) – solve (v.)
  三.句型/语法
  1. with + n. + 介词短语,表示伴随状况
  2. you have to work, don’t you? (反义疑问句)
  3. every day & everyday
  4. go on doing & go on to do
  5. except & besides
  6. consider的用法
  7. until的用法
  8. other, the other, another的用法
  7. 宾语从句
  宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导宾语从句的关联词有
  that, if/whether, what, who, whose, which, why, when, where, how等。
  1、连接词
  1)由连接词that引导陈述句,在口语中that常省略。
  eg. he said that he would like to see the headmaster.
  2)由连接词whether/if引导一般疑问句,whether和if 常可互换,但下列场合一般用whether.
  ①介词后的宾语从句:i"m thinking of whether he"ll come.
  ②与or not连用:i don"t know whether i should go or not.
  3)由连接代词what, who(whom, whose) which或连接副词when, where, why, how引导特殊疑
  问句。
  eg. do you know who/whom she is waiting for?
  2、语序:不管宾语从句是陈述句、一般疑问句或特殊疑问句,都要用陈述句语序,也就是
  说
  主谓次序不能颠倒。连接词 主谓结构
  eg. ①bill wanted to know who did this.
  ②i don"t know what"s the matter with bob?
  ③i don"t know what"s wrong with them?
  3、时态:一般说来,主从句时态要统一。
  如果主句是一般现在时,从句可根据需要用其它任何时态;
  如果主句是一般过去时,从句应该用相应的过去时态范畴(也就是用一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。
  eg.①lily wanted to know whether her grandma liked the handbag.
  ②i asked the teacher where we would have the meeting.
  ③can you tell me how i can get to the zoo?
  如果从句表明的是一个客观事实或真理,那么无论主句是什么时态,从句都只能用一般现在时。
  eg. the teacher told us that light travels much faster than sound.
  宾语从句的否定转移:当主句的主语为第一人称,即i, we;谓语动词是think, guess, believe, expect等时,不能在从句中加否定词来表示否定意义,应将否定转移到主句,即只能在主句中加否定词。
  eg. i don’t think that english is easy.
  i think that english is not easy. ( 误)
  复合句——宾语从句专练
  一.宾语从句的含义:
  在主从复合句中作_________ 成分的从句,称为宾语从句,其基本句式为"主句 + 引导词 +宾语从句。"
  二. 主句与宾语从句的时态关系
  主句与宾语从句的时态关系有以下 三种情况:
  1. 若主句用了现在时,则宾语从句可用其所需要的任何时态。例如:
  i think he often _________ books. ( read ) 我认为他经常读书。
  i think he ____________ here tomorrow. ( come) 我认为明天他会来这儿。
  he says that they ___________ in tokyo yesterday. (arrived )他说他们昨天到达了东京。
  i"m sure that linda ____________ there before. ( be ) 我确信琳达以前去过那儿。
  2. 若主句用了过去时,则宾语从句需用 过去时态(一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时)的某种形式。例如:
  he said he ______ right. ( be ) 他说他是正确的。
  he said he ___________ tv at that time. ( watch) 他说在那时他正在看电视。
  tom told me that he ___________ to mount tai. ( travel ) 汤姆告诉我他将去泰山旅游。
  3. 若宾语从句陈述的是 客观真理、客观事实、科学原理、格言、谚语等,则不受主句时态的限制,通常用 一般现在时。例如:
  the teacher told us that the earth ________ round the sun.( move) 老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。
  he said one and one _______ two. ( be) 他说一加一等于二。
  即学即用
  用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。
  ① yesterday our physics teacher ________ (tell) us that light _____ (travel) much faster than sound.
  ② my brother said he ___________ (post) that letter already.
  ③ he says his parents __________ (leave) for france three days ago.
  三. 宾语从句由哪些连词引导? 宾语从句通常由以下连词所引导:
  1. 由_________引导时,它无实义,常省略。例如:
  she says ________ she will leave a message. 她说她将留言。
  2. 由____或________ 引导。其意义是_______ 例如:
  he asked me if/whether i could speak english. 他问我是否会说英语。
  i wonder if/whether he is a teacher. 我想知道他是否是一名教师。
  3. 由连接代词(what, which, who, whom, whose)或连接副词(how, where, when, why)引导的宾语从句。例如:
  i can"t understand _________ you said. 我不能理解你说的话。
  he wanted to know __________ the building would be set up. 他想知道这座楼房何时建成。
  即学即用
  选择正确答案填空。
  ① i don"t know ___ tom will go or not. a. what b. whether c. how d. where
  ② i wonder ____ they"ll come here with tomorrow. a. whether b. when c. who d. how
  ③ he said ____ his friends asked him to the party. a. that b. if c. where d. who
  四.应用宾语从句需注意哪些方面?
  1. 宾语从句的否定转移
  若"i (we) think / believe / suppose / guess + 宾语从句。"这一结构中的宾语从句需要否定时,则否定形式需转移到主句的谓语;若主句的谓语是除think, believe, suppose, guess 之外的其它动词,宾语从句需否定时,否定形式不能转移到主句的谓语, 直接否定宾语从句的谓语。例如:
  i don"t think he"s been abroad. 我认为他没出过国。
  we all know that he isn"t a teacher. 我们都知道他不是一名教师。
  2.. 反意疑问句的构成
  含宾语从句的复合句在构成反意疑问句时,若 主句为i think / , believe /, suppose /, guess时,则附加疑问句部分的主语和谓语动词需与宾语从句呼应。若主句不是i think / , believe / suppose /, guess时, 则附加疑问句部分的
  主语和谓语动词需与主句呼应。例如:
  i believe you can pass the maths exam, can"t you? 我相信你数学考试能及格,是不是?
  he thinks we missed the early bus, doesn"t he? 他认为我们错过了早班车,是不是?
  kate didn"t say that jim was wrong, did she? 凯特没说吉姆错了,是吗?
  即学即用
  选择正确答案填空。
  ① i don’t think chickens can swim, ______?
  a. do i b can i c. do they d. can they
  ② mary said her mother was a teacher and _____ her father was a driver.
  a. that b. / c. if d. a or b
  按括号内的要求,改写下列句子,每空一词。
  ③ he hasn"t learned this text, i think. (改为同义句)
  i ____ think he ____ learned this text.
  3.如何判断由if和when引导的从句是状语从句还是宾语从句?
  [答] 当if作"如果"解时,引导条件状语从句;当if作"是否"解时,引导宾语从句。当when作"当……的时候"解时,引导时间状语从句;当when作"什么时间"解时,引导宾语从句。例如:
  i don"t know if he will come tomorrow. 我不知道明天他是否会来。(宾语从句)
  if he comes tomorrow, please tell me. 如果他明天来,请告诉我。 (条件状语从句)
  i asked him when the film would begin. 我问他电影什么时间开始上演。(宾语从句)
  you can ask me when you have some questions. 当你有问题时,你可以问我。(时间状语从句)
  即学即用
  选择正确的答案填空。
  ① i don"t know if it _____ tomorrow. if it ____, i won"t go to the park.
  a. rains; will rain b. will rain; rains c. rains; rains d. will rain; will rain
  ② —— do you know when he _____ come next week?
  —— next friday. when he ____, i"ll ring you.
  a. comes; comes b. will come; will come c. comes; will come d. will come; comes
  4.注意宾语从句,尤其是由连接代词或连接副词 ( 特殊疑问词 ) 引导的宾语从句必须用陈述句语序
  在含宾语从句的复合句中,不管主句是陈述句还是疑问句,从句都需要"连接词 + 陈述句"的陈述句语序,其标点符号由主句来决定。例如:
  tell me which you want. 告诉我你想要哪一个。
  i don"t know why you were late. 我不知道你为什么迟到了。
  [注意] 由连接代词作主语的宾语从句,需用"连接代词 + 谓语 + 其它。"例如:
  do you know who can come here earliest? 你知道谁能来到这儿最早吗?
  i don"t know what made him think so. 我不知道什么使他这样想。
  即学即用
  选择正确答案填空。
  ① —— do you know ____?
  —— next year.
  a. when he came here b. when did he come here
  c. when he will come here d. when will he come here
  按括号内的要求, 改写下列句子,每空一词。
  ② he asked me, "where do you come from?" (改为同义句)
  he asked me where ____ ____ from.
  ③ i asked her. what have you done with the milk? (合并为一个句子)
  i asked her what _____ _____ _____ done with the milk.
  ④ did you know? will he go to america? (合并为一个句子)
  did you know ______ he _____ _____ to america?
  ⑤ could you tell me ____ next year?
  a. where you held the english summer camp
  b. where did you hold the english summer camp
  c. where you will hold the english summer camp
  d. where will you hold the english su
  unit 7
  一、词汇
  1. memory (v.) memorize2. weakness (adj.) weak
  3. imagination (v.) imagine4. rare (adv.) rarely
  5. amaze (adj.) amazing, amazed6. drama (adj.) dramatic
  7. elder (adj.) elderly8. die (n.) death
  9. surprising (adv.) surprisingly10. weigh (n.) weight
  11. active (adv.) actively12. instruct (n.) instruction
  13. inform (n.) information14. nerve (adj.) nervous
  15. regular (adv.) regularly16. complete (adv.) completely
  17. normal (adv.) normally18. person (adj.) personal
  19. belief (opp.) disbelief20. exact (adv.) exactly
  21. immediately (adj.) immediate22. know (n.) knowledge
  23. mean (n.) meaning24. necessity (adj.) necessary
  25. sleep (adj.) sleepy (n.) sleepiness26. concentrate (n.) concentration
  27. help (adj.) helpful28. health (adj.) healthy
  29. organize (adj.) organized30. proper (adv.) properly
  31. attend (n.) attention32. develop (n.) development
  33. improve (n.) improvement34. power (adj.) powerful
  35. probable (adv.) probably36. stranger (adj.) strange
  37. correct (adv.) correctly38. unfortunate (opp.) fortunate
  二、短语
  1. 很久以前 a long time ago2. 老了 get old
  3. 出错 go wrong4. 生某人的气 be angry with sb
  5. 失忆 lose one’s memory6. 尝试做某事 try doing sth
  7. 与…相联系 be connected to8. 听说 hear about/ of
  9. 给…下指令,指挥 give instructions to10. 剩下的 the rest of
  11. 神经系统 nervous system12. 储存信息 store information
  13. 与…靠近 be close to14. 短时间 a short time
  15. 个人经历personal experiences16. 在六十分钟内 in 60 minutes
  17.(某人)九十多岁时 in one’s 90s/nineties18. 回想起做某事 recall doing sth
  19. 大量的 a large amount of20. 在将来 in the future
  21. 体重增加 put on weight22. 毕业 leave school
  23. 把(某物)留给自己 keep sth. for oneself24. 贫困,贫穷 in need
  25. 发出噪音 make a noise26. 少于 less than
  27. 或者…或者… either…or…28. 把…传给… pass sth on to
  29. 一次,每次 at a time30. …的全部 the whole of
  31. 把…分成 pide…into32. 把…和…连接起来 link sth. with sth.
  33. 阻止某人做某事 stop sb. from doing sth.34. 集中注意力 focus one’s attention on
  35. 专心于 concentrate on36. 也,又 as well
  37. 传送讯息 pass messages38. 在午夜 at midnight
  39. 为…找借口 find an excuse/ excuses for 40. 棒极了 that’s terrific!
  41. 减肥;变瘦 lose weight42. 急需帮忙 be in need
  43. 想象做某事imagine doing sth. 44. 做某事的方法a way to do / of doing
  三、句型和语法
  1. 关于倍数的表示
  my apples are three times as many as yours. 我的苹果是你的苹果的三倍多。
  主语+谓语+倍数+as…as
  = my apples are twice more than yours. 我的苹果比你的多两倍。
  主语+谓语+倍数(减1)+比较级…
  2. used to do sth.过去常常做某事(现在已没有这种情况)
  be used to do sth./ be used for doing sth.被用于做某事(被动语态)
  be/ get used to doing sth习惯于做某事
  3. if you know how to ride a bicycle, you will never forget how to do it.
  当主句与从句的主语一致时,宾语从句可用"特殊疑问词+不定式"表示。
  4. 关于if引导的条件状语从句与宾语从句
  当if表示"如果",引导条件状语从句时
  1)当谈及可能发生的行为动作,以及其可能产生的结果时,就要用"主将从现"
  eg: if (it is) possible, i’ll meet you at the railway station.
  2)当表示客观事实、结果时,主句和从句都用一般现在时。
  eg: if you heat ice, it turns into water.
  3)当if 引导的条件状语从句时,主句可以使用祈使句,或情态动词(如can, should, may, must等)来代替一般将来时
  eg: if you want to lose weight, you should take more exercise.
  = take more exercise if you want to lose weight.
  当if表示"是否",引导宾语从句时
  1)当主句是一般现在时,从句根据实际情况用相应的时态
  eg: i wonder if you will attend the meeting tomorrow.
  2)当主句是一般过去时,从句应用过去相应的时态
  eg: i wondered if you would attend the meeting the next/ following day.
  3)当从句是客观真理时,从句永远用一般现在时
  eg: my mother told me that ice turns into water if you heat it.
  用whether而不用if 表示"是否",引导宾语从句的情况
  当宾语从句中出现"or not"时
  eg: i don’t know whether or not i should ask him about it.

奴颜婢膝的反义词是什么奴颜婢膝的反义词拼音意思例句如下奴颜婢膝nynbx趾高气扬zhgoqyng奴颜婢膝形容卑鄙无耻地谄媚奉承的样子。用于贬义。例句1天津失陷的消息传到北京,西太后惊慌失措,急忙派人向各第二课ampnbspampnbsp文章的修改第二课文章的修改教学目标1学会存档文件的调用。2学会运用光标移动的方法修改文章。教学重点存档文件的调用。教学难点文章的修改。教学过程一引入上节课我们输入了公园省贵州这篇文章,老师看五年级(上)第11课ampnbsp插入文本框和图片课题第11课插入文本框和图片教学目的与要求(1)学会设置文本框。(2)学会使用插入剪贴画和来自文件的图片的方法。(3)能制作图文并茂的幻灯片。教学重点与难点重点插入设置文本框,插入第三课ampnbspampnbsp文章的删除移动和复制第三课文章的删除移动和复制教学目标1通过学习,使学生认识在常用工具栏中剪切复制和粘贴几个按钮。2认识复制与移动文字的不同。3让学生知道有几种不同复制与移动操作方法。教学重点1会根据原始的农耕生活的教案第2课原始的农耕生活教学目标知识与能力目标通过本课学习,使学生了解在中华文明起源中我国原始农耕经济的主要情况,使学生了解中华文明处于起源阶段时原始农耕经济的发展水平,进而认识其发展太阳您好教案语言太阳,您好目标1理解诗歌的含义,知道太阳的作用。2萌发对太阳的兴趣,尝试寻找太阳,知道太阳无处不在。准备1最好选择一个阳兴明媚的日子。2自制太阳一个。3绘画用的纸笔等。过程1小元件的解释及造句注音yuanjian意思构成机器仪表等的一部分,常由若干零件组成,可以在同类装置中调换使用。元件造句1每一个元件都各有程度不同的用处。2科学家的想法是,最终,每个部件的功能应该像计熊熊的造句注音xiongxiong意思形容火势旺盛的烈火。熊熊造句1我敲敲门,一个身穿白色缎袍的女人举着一把熊熊的火炬,走出来问我想干什么。2当我凝视着店铺和街道,我的身躯突然开始熊熊燃烧,第一次真好的教学设计学习目标认识人生第一次经历的重大意义,珍视第一次经验。学习以小见大和详略得当的写法。了解选材的典型性。教学设计课文导入第一次是多么另人难忘的经历啊!你知道第一次吃西红柿的那个人吗?女贞解释及造句注音nvzhen意思常绿灌木,叶卵形,花白色。果实长椭圆形。白蜡虫能寄生在女贞树的枝叶上,吸食叶汁生活,我国西南地区种植这种树来放养白蜡虫。女贞造句1那么,这个房子,女贞路4号,究卫星运行时间的课程教学设计教学内容北师大版四年级数学上册第3334页。教学目标(1)知识目标1能结合具体情境估计三位数乘两位数积的范围,并逐步养成估算的习惯。2能结合已有知识,探索三位数乘两位数的计算方法,
青春期心理语录七前段时间去幼儿园听一位老师谈起有一位研究者曾去她们园进行过一项有关幼儿同情心爱心的调查,结果发现,当看到同伴摔倒时,全班40多名幼儿中仅有几名幼儿过去扶起同伴,而绝大多数的幼儿则熟青少年与性心理诗经曰靡不有初,鲜克有终,大意是没有良好的开端就很难取得满意的结果。人们的性心理性观念性素质的发展也是如此。孩提时代引导上的歧误,有可能毁掉他一生的性心理性素质性行为的健康发展,甚敏感的心灵不能过度刺激心理医生谈青少年情感特点已上初三的小李同学每晚复习功课都很晚,由于睡眠不足,第二天总感到昏昏沉沉的。这天,他上课时又睡着了,同桌小王同学猛拉了他一下,他一惊,抬头一看授课老师正站在他面前,一双瞪大的眼睛透走出形体责难的阴影初三毕业考后,我班女生范X对我说不准备参加升学考了,我很奇怪。小范的成绩在班里还可以,最近几次模拟考试还呈上升趋势,进第二条分数线肯定没问题,究竟是什么原因让她这样呢?经过再三询问谈合理运用表扬表扬是教师教学和管理班级时常用的一种激励手段,然而不当的表扬不仅无益,有时甚至是有害的。从教学实际来看,不当的表扬主要有以下几种1评判式。教师的表扬不是就学生的行为而言,而是将其上你有朋友吗?很多朋友,特别是刚不出校门的青年朋友,总为找不到朋友而苦恼。中国有一句老话人生得一知己足已,似乎找个朋友是难于上青天的事。其实,也许真的是我们自己错了。在一开始,我们就不明白什么是要善于悦纳自己自我认识的肤浅,是心理异常形成的主要原因之一。自悲自怜者因幼时的过分依赖,竞争中的多次失败,由此得出的自知是你行一我不行。于是束缚自我贬抑自我。结果是焦虑增剧,毁了自己。自暴自弃者健康的一半是心理健康世间有一种比海洋更大的景象,那便是天空还有一种比天空更大的景象,那便是内心的活动。雨果随着社会紧张因素的增加,学校生活中压力的增强和竞争的激烈,中学生的心理健康问题已越来越突出,心寒号鸟教学反思就是这样一只叫鸟不是鸟的小动物带来了一篇经典的文章,就是这样一篇经典的文章里藏着许多语文密码这就是部编版二年级上册的一则民间故事寒号鸟。本文通过运用对比手法的描写,叙述了寒号鸟和喜小小乌龟爬过来的教学反思情境描述猜猜谁来了?出示实物乌龟,说说乌龟长什么样子?引导幼儿用正确的语言进行表述。让幼儿自由的在桌上爬行,让幼儿尝试用手去摸乌龟的身体,说说摸到的感觉。(壳是硬硬的,头,腿,尾巴桃花心木教学与反思示例桃花心木是台湾著名作家林清玄的散文名篇。文章先写我于平凡的生活中发现了一个奇怪的现象,即高个子种树人培育桃花心木苗时显得不按规律,于是心中生出许多疑团。通过与种树人的交流才明白原来