第三课时 grammer learning aims: to learn the noun clauses as the subject. to master the grammer. 课前预习 look at the following sentences, paying attention to the underlined part. 1.after that, what happened to the amber room remains a mystery. 2. it was obvious that the manager of the coffee shop was waiting for li fang to leave … 课堂学习 task 1:discussion sentences from this unit 1.… it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. 2. what is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. 3. it was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. 4.so whether life will continue on the earth for millions of years to come will depend on whether this problem can be solved. 5. how life began on earth is one of the biggest puzzles that scientists found hard to solve discuss the use of whether , what, that, how task 2语法解读 主语从句 在复合句中充当主语的句子叫主语从句。主语从句主要由that,和wh-词引导。 1.that引导的主语从句 要点提示: （1）that引导的主语从句既可以放在句首，也可以放在句后。但为了保持句子的平衡，常用it作形式主语，把真正的主语放在句子的后面。 （2）用it作形式主语的that从句有的已形成固定用法和译法。常见的如下句型:it +be+形容词（过去分词、名词、不及物动词等）+that从句。 典型例句: that he survived the accident is a miracle. =it is a miracle that he survived the accident. 他在这场事故中幸免于难，真是奇迹。 it is natural that she should cry. 她大哭是人之常情。 it is a great pity that you can’t help us. 你不能帮助我们真是非常的遗憾。 2.wh-引导的主语从句 要点提示: (1)wh-引导的主语从句既可以直接放在主语的位置，也可以用it作形式主语。 (2)在wh-引导的主语从句中不能用it作形式主语。这里指的是what，whatever，whoever等引导的主语从句通常不能用it作形式主语 （3）在wh-引导的主语从句只能用it作形式主语的情况:如果主语从句是一个疑问句，要用it作形式主语。在＂it doesn’t matter +how/whether +if...＂结构中要用it作形式主语。 典型例句: what is most important in life isn’t money. 人生最重要的并不是金钱。（作主语） how he escaped still puzzles us. 他究竟是如何逃脱的至今仍然令我们百思不得其解。（how引导主语从句，并在句中作方式状语） who was responsible for the accident is not yet clear. 还不清楚谁对此事负责任。（作主语） when he will come has not been clear. 他何时来还不清楚。（when引导主语从句，并在句中作时间状语） whether she comes or not doesn’t concern me. 她来不来不关我的事。（这里whether不能if用替换） whoever wants to see the film may get a ticket free . 凡是想看这部电影的人都可以免费得到一张票。 it doesn’t matter to me whether she is pleased or not. 他满意与否对我而言并不重要。 随堂练习： 1.选择填空 (1)______ has helped to save the drowning girl is well worth praising. a.who b.the one c.anyone d.whoever (2) ______ made the school proud was ______ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to the key universities. a.what;because b.what;that c.that;what d.that;because (3) ______ my dear teacher couldn’t understand was ______ fewer and fewer middle school students showed interest in her lessons. a.what;why b.that;what c.what;because d.why;that (4)my uncle lost his job and was short of money,so ______ his flat and move in with his friend. a.that he did was to sell b.what he did sell c.what he did sold d.what he did was to sell (5)—does it matter much ______ the manager won’t attend the meeting here tomorrow? —i have no idea. a.where b.what c.when d.that (6) ______ is britain now used to be three different countries and over many years the three countries became one. a.it b.what c.where d.when 2.判断 哪些句子是主语从句 (1)it is certain that miss smith will do well in the final exam. (2)we thought it strange that tim’s father did not come here yesterday. (3)the problem is that no one can replace him in teaching english. (4)they were all very much worried over the fact that you lost heart when you failed in the exam. (5)has it been decided where the players will perform the experiment？ (6)i don’t believe they have finished their work yet. homework revise the grammer. finish the exercises.