2019届高考英语第一轮单元基础知识复习2

　　类别学习要求
　　词汇n.地震_______；井_______;管，导管_______;事件；大事________;民族；国家________;运河；水道_________;蒸汽；水汽_______;废墟；毁灭_______;苦难；痛苦________;砖块_______;水坝______;轨道；足迹________;电；电流________;灾难________；矿山；矿井______;矿工_______;掩蔽；避身处_______;标题；头衔________;记者_____;损失；损害_______;祝贺；贺词________；要点；大纲；轮廓_______；报刊的大字标题_______;骑自行车的人________；
　　v.爆裂；爆发_______；损害；伤害________；破坏；毁坏_______；（使）震惊______；援救；营救_______；使陷入困境______；埋葬；掩埋_______；使惊吓；吓唬______；断定；裁判；判决____：表示；表达______;
　　adj.极度的_______；无用的；无效的_______；受惊的；受恐吓的_______；令人恐惧的_______；
　　adv.真诚地；真挚地_________
　　短语立刻；马上_______；仿佛；好像_________破败不堪; 严重受损__________；掘出；发现_________结束；终结________许多；大量的________
　　语法定语从句（由that，which，who，whose引导的定语从句）
　　1. a huge crack that was eight kilometers long and thirty meters wide cut across houses, roads and canals.
　　2. the number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000.
　　3. it was heard in beijing, which is one hundred kilometers away.
　　4. workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed.
　　功能l. talking about past experiences
　　it was terrible when…it seemed as if... no longer after that…
　　2. expressing thanks
　　i would like to express my thanks to... who…
　　here, i wish to express my thanks for the great efforts…
　　本单元XX高考命题趋向分析：
　　1.injure,damage,destroy, hurt. ruin的意义区别与用法特点，不但是平时测试的重点，也是高考的重要考点其中hurt用于喻意，ruin及damage用作名词时的接触搭配be in ruins 和do damage to /do harm to 等将是命题的切入点。XX年北京卷对ruin的用法进行了考查，XX年考生在复习备考中要重视以上词的辨析和hurt等词的特殊意义
　　2.honour, success, surprise, failure等抽象名词用作可数名词时的用法在往年中已经考查过，对于它们的考查往往和冠词放在一起进行。考生应该多注意中西方文化的差异，in honour of 与an honour等；另外a big surprise, a big success等用法高考题曾经考过XX江苏卷和福建卷都对success为可数名词的用法进行了考查；XX年考生应该多重视此类词的这种用法。
　　3.近似词rise, arise及raise的辨析，学生要牢固掌握，尤其rise 和raise的用法辨析，arise灵活词义都会是XX年命题的重点。
　　4.the number of 与a number of 接名词作主语时谓语动词的单复数选择可以作为主谓语一致性进行考察，考生只要掌握它们的用法，就不难突破。
　　5.数词、代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数是高考命题点，比如分数、百分数或all,most, what 引导的主语从句，往往和主谓语一致性考查，仅几年考的不多，但XX年考生要重视
　　6.定语从句一致是高考的热点和重要考点，XX届考生要全力一赴地复习好这项语法，尤其注意that.which的用法区分。as, which的辨析，whose定语形式的变化，way.situation,case等特殊先行词的关系词选择
　　1.rise 和rise ,raise 的区别；
　　2.ruin ,damage ,destroy 三个词汇的用法及区别；
　　3.injure/harm/wound/hurt 之区别；
　　4.部分否定的用法总结；
　　5.which 引导的非限制性定语从句的活用。
　　1. —how about christmas evening party? （XX 福建卷）
　　—i should say it was success.
　　a.a; a b.t he; a c.a;不填 d.the; 不填
　　2. we have every reason to believe that_____ XX beijing olympic games will be_____ success.（XX 江苏卷）
　　a. / … ab. the … / c. the … a d. a … a
　　3.mike didn’t play football yesterday because he had____his leg.(XX. 全国卷i)
　　a. damaged b. hurt c. hit d. struck
　　1．rise vi上升，升起；上涨；起身，起床
　　常见短语：rise to one＂s feet站起来；give sb.a rise给某人涨工资；get a rise得到加薪；on the rise在上涨；增长
　　rise vi．（rose，risen）1）（太阳、月亮等）上升；升起2）（物价等）上涨 3）（人等）起身；起床
　　raise vt．(raised，raised) 举起；提出；饲养；抚养；种植；筹款
　　arise vi.（arose．arisen） 出现；起因于；发生
　　arouse vt.(aroused，aroused) 激起；引起（感情、态度）
　　即学活用：
　　1) he＂s used to________early in the morning.
　　2)the price of tomatoes has been__________recently.
　　3)emotional or mental problems can________ from a physical cause.
　　4) her strange behaviour_________our suspicions.
　　2．ruin n.废墟；遗迹；毁灭；vt.（使）毁灭；（使）堕落
　　常见短语：ruin one＂s health/fame/plan/hopes段坏某人的健康／名誉／计划／希望等；in ruins成为废墟；ruin oneself毁掉自己
　　即学活用：
　　1) the hurricane ___________all the houses here.
　　2) you will ruin your future if you continue. (翻译)__________________________________.
　　3．injure vt/vi. 伤害；损害
　　常用派生：injury n．伤害；损害；injured adj.受伤的
　　辨析：injure hurt harm wound
　　( l)injure多指由于意外或事故而使身体受到＂伤害＂
　　e.g. he got injured while playing hockey.
　　(2)hurt( hurt, hurt)尤指心灵上和感情上的＂伤害＂，也可用于表示＂（肉体上的）伤害＂
　　e.g. he was rather hurt by their criticism.
　　(3) harm往往用于表示对生物或抽象事物的＂伤害，损害＂；常用词组：do harm to
　　e.g. the court case will do serious harm to my business.
　　(4) wound多指战争当中受伤，也指由刀、枪、剑等导致的受伤
　　e.g. his father was wounded in the battle.
　　即学活用：
　　1) she felt_________at your words.
　　2) too much work did great_________to him, so he is still in poor heahh.
　　3) mike didn＂t play football yesterday because he had____his leg.
　　a. damaged b.hurt c.hit d.struck(09惠州模拟)
　　4．useless adj.无用的；无益的；无效的
　　e.g.it＂s useless worrying about it.
　　用法拓展：it＂s useless/ no use/no good doing sth.
　　it＂s a waste of time doing sth.
　　词汇拓展：useful adj.有用的；有益的usefulness，n．有用 used adj.用过的；二手的
　　5．burst v．(burst，burst)＆n．爆裂；爆发
　　常用词组：burst in闯人；burst out doing突然……起来burst into+宾语，意思是闯入；突然……起来
　　e.g.(1) the bag was so full that it burst open.
　　(2) hearing the news, all the boys burst out laughing/burst into laughter.
　　6．gjve out用完；耗尽
　　辨析：use up run out of give out run out
　　use up和run out of及物动词用法，接宾语，有被动；give out和run out不及物动词用法，不接宾语，无被动，物作主语。give out强调贮存物、供应品、耐心、力气等耗尽；give out还有及物动词用法：分发；发出（气味、热）；宣布等
　　e.g. 1) after a month their food supplies gave out.
　　2)the teacher gave out the exam papers.
　　3) the radiator gives out a lot of heat.
　　4) the radio has just given out the football results.
　　即学活用：
　　what shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has____?(XX会宁模拟)
　　a. given out b.put out c.held up d.used up
　　7．all hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破灭了。
　　all, both, every, everyone, everybody, everything+名词和not迮用，是部分否定；其完全否定形式是：no,one, none, nobody, nothing, not…any, neither, no+名词。
　　1) i agree with most of what you said, but i don＂t agree with____.
　　a. everything b.anything c.something d. nothing
　　2) we couldn＂t eat in a restaurant because_____of us had _____money on us .
　　a．all; no b．any; no c. none; any d. no one ; any
　　专题：
　　定语从句
　　【基础过关】
　　由that, which, who, whose关系代词引导的定语从句用法用法简述如下。
　　1、that指人亦可指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，宾语可以省略；
　　the girl that was crying just now is my best friend.刚才哭的那个女孩是我最好的朋友。
　　2、which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，宾语可以省略；
　　china is a country which has a long history. 中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。
　　3、who 指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，宾语可以省略；
　　the man who was here yesterday is a painter.
　　昨天在这里的那个人是位画家。（who作主语）
　　the man who i saw is called smith.
　　我见到的那个人名叫史密斯。（who作宾语，亦可省略）
　　4、whose是属格，指人也可指物，在定语从句中作定语
　　i live in a room(,) (whose windows) =(the windows of which)face south.
　　我住在一个窗户朝南的房间里。
　　【点拨】辨析 that,which;who ,that
　　相同点：都可以指物
　　不同点：如下
　　1、在下列情况下只能用that而不能用which引导定语从句
　　（1）当先行词是不定代词是不定代词all, little, few, much, none,, anything, nothing, everything等时。
　　（2）当先行词被最高级、序数词以及the very, the few, the only修饰时。
　　（3）当先行词被all, little, much, some, any, no, every等词修饰时
　　（4）当先行词由表示人和物的两个并列的名词构成时。
　　（5）当主句是以which或who特殊疑问句时。
　　（6）当引导词在从句中作表语时
　　2、在下列情况下只能用which而不能用that引导定语从句
　　（1）介词后；
　　（2）非限定性定语从句。
　　相同点：都可以指人，在句中作主语
　　不同点：如下
　　指人时，在下列情况下一般选用who：
　　（1）当先行词为those, one, anyone, nobody等不定代词时。例如：
　　the one who knows me well is tom.非常了解我的那个人是汤姆。
　　（2）在分隔型定语从句中，若先行词代指人。如：
　　a new master will come tomorrow who will teach you german.
　　有位新老师明天来教你们德语
　　（3）先行词为there be 结构的主语时例如：
　　there is a man who wants to see you.有个人想见你
　　【高考典题】
　　1.（05，北京春）do you still remember the chicken farm____ we visited three months ago?
　　a. where b. when c. that d. what
　　【答案】c。考查关系词选择
　　【点拨】由句意判断＂we visited three months ago＂为定语从句，修饰the chicken farm,关联词使用关系代词或关系副词主要取决于从句的句子结构，这里visited后需要的是定语，所以选用c.如果此项是which也可以
　　2. —why does she always ask you for help?
　　—there is no one else_______, is there?
　　a. who to turn to b. she can turn to
　　c. for whom to turn d. for her to turn
　　【答案】b。本题考查定语从句和turn to sb。
　　【点拨】由于所填的答案为no one else的定语从句，因此排除a、d两项。又因为turn to sb. 为固定习语，意为＂求助于某人，＂由此排除c项选出b项。b项省略了作宾语的关系代词whom/ that。
　　3. many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes________ people were eaten by the tiger.
　　a. in which b. by which c. which d. that
　　【答案】a。考查介词提前关系词选择
　　【点拨】分析句子结构，按照翻译法确定＂people were eaten by the tiger＂ 是定语从句，先行词the scenes 在定语从句中作地点状语，此时＂in which= where＂
　　【实战演练】
　　1. his movie won several awards at the film festival, ______ was beyond his wildest dream.（XX 上海卷）
　　a. whichb. that c. where d. it
　　2. last week, only two people came to look at the house, _______ wanted to buy it. （XX 安徽卷）
　　a. none of them  b. both of them c. none of whom  d. neither of whom
　　3. we shouldn’t spent our money testing so many people,most of _____are healthy（XX 北京卷）
　　a. that b.which c. what d. whom
　　4. by serving others, a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself, ___________ can be very eye-opening and rewarding. （XX 湖南卷）
　　a. who b. which c. what d. that
　　5.（08福建卷）31. by nine o’clock, all the olympic torch bearers had reached the top of mount qomolangma, ____ appeared a rare rainbow soon.
　　a. of which b. on which c. from which d. above which
　　6.（08湖南卷）31. the growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, _____ are beyond our control.
　　a.most of them b. most of which c. most of what d. most of that
　　7.（08江苏卷）24. the science museum, ______ we visited during a recent trip to britain, is one of london’s tourist attractions.
　　a. which b. what c. that d. where
　　8.（09天津）11. a person ______ e-mail account is full won’t be able to send or receive any e-mails.
　　a. who b. whom c. whose d. whoever
　　9.（09北京）3. —what do you think of teacher ,bob？
　　—i find it fun and challenging. it is a job ___ you are doing something serious but interesting .
　　a. where b. which c. when d. that
　　10.（09安徽）2. many children， parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.
　　a. their b. whose c. of them d. with whom
　　一.用方框中所给单词或词组的适当形式填空
　　burst out; congratulation; judge from; disaster; damage
　　1. the storm didn’t do much_________.
　　2. losing your job doesn＂t have to be such a_________.
　　3. the little girl__________ __________crying when she saw her mother.
　　4.___________ _____________previous experience, he will be late.
　　5. ＂we are getting married!…＂___________!＂
　　二．请用本单元所学单词或短语的适当形式填空
　　1. the________（电）being suddenly off, we had to stop our heated discussion.
　　2. they were eventually r_________by helicopter.
　　3. after the big earthquake, the whole city was left________ _________(废墟）．
　　4. they were running to the supermarket to seek_______ ________ _______ ___________.
　　5. a memorial meeting was held________ __________ __________the great man.
　　三．根据中文提示完成下列句子
　　1．when they set out they__________ _________ ___________．（有很充分的准备）
　　2．the_________（受了惊吓的）horse ran away from the fire．
　　3. the whole nation________ _______（震惊）at the news that 50,000 people were killed in the earthquake.
　　4．_________ ____________ _________（百分之五）the work______ _____ ____ ____ （将被完成）by the end of next month.
　　5．the sun_________in the east and________in the west.(太阳东升西落)
　　四. 单项选择
　　1. the giant panda, ＂hua mei＂from a group of 23 ______ in the wolong center, is one year and four months old, _____ 46kg.
　　a. risen; weighing b. raises; weighs c. raised; weighing d. raising; weighed
　　2. it＂ s no ________arguing with bill because he will never change his mind.
　　a. use b. help . c. time d. way
　　3. ___________ for the worst in advance and you won＂ t be disappointed.
　　a. prepare b. when preparing c. having prepared d. if you prepared
　　4. the party last night was _____ great success. we sang and danced until it came to ______end at 12:00.
　　a. a; an b. the; an c. a; the d. /; the
　　5. ---anything new in today ＂ s paper?
　　---lt ＂ s _____ that the prime minister will pay a second visit to the usa next week.
　　a. taken out b. given out c. made out d. brought out
　　6. the car ran into a crowd of middle school students,________ to hospital immediatel
　　a. two of whom sent b. two of them sent
　　c. two of whom are sent d. two of them sending
　　7. i have many friends, __________some are businessmen.
　　a. of them b. from which c. who of d. of whom
　　8. she heard a terrible noise, ___________brought her heart into her mouth.
　　a. it b. which c. this d. that
　　9. his parents wouldn ＂ t let him marry anyone ,___________family was poor.
　　a. of whom b. whom c. of whose d. whose
　　10. it was in the lab_______was taken charge of by professor zhang _____ they did the experiment.
　　a. where; that b. which; where c. that; where d. which/that; that
　　11. is this house _ you visited last sunday?
　　a. the one b. which c. that d. where
　　第一节 完型填空
　　阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36-55各题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
　　（08山东）on august 26, 1999, new york city experienced a terrible rainstorm. the rain caused the streets to __36__ and the subway system almost came to a stop.
　　unfortunately, this happened during the morning rush hour. many people who were going to work were __37__ to go home. some battled to __38__ a taxi or to get on a bus. still others faced the __39__ bravely, walking miles to get to work.
　　i __40__ to be one of the people on the way to work that morning. i went from subway line to subway line only to find that most __41__ had stopped. after making my way __42__ crowds of people, i finally found a subway line that was __43__. unfortunately, there were so many people waiting to __44__ the subway that i could not even get down the stairs to the __45__. so i took the train going in the opposite direction, and then switch back to the downtown train. finally, after what seemed like an forever, the train __46__ my stop. then i had to walk several blocks in the increasingly heavy rain. when i finally got to my office, i was __47__ through, exhausted and __48__.
　　my co-workers and i spent most of the day drying off. when it was 5:00 pm，i was ready to go home. i was about to turn off my computer __49__ i received an email from garth, my director:
　　i would like to thank all of you who made the effort and __ 50__ reported to work. it is always reassuring(令人欣慰), at times like these, when employees so clearly show their __51__ to their jobs. thank you.
　　garth’s email was short, but i learned more from that __52__ message than i ever did from a textbook. the email taught me that a few words of __53__ can make a big difference. the rainstorm and the traffic __54__ had made me tied and upset. but garth’s words immediately__55__ me and put a smile back on my face.
　　36. a. breakb. floodc. sinkd. crash
　　37. a. forcedb. refusedc. adjustedd. gathered
　　38. a. orderb. payc. calld. search
　　39. a. climateb. sceneryc. stormd. burden
　　40. a. usedb. promisedc. deservedd. happened
　　41. a. practiceb. routinec. processd. service
　　42. a. tob. throughc. overd. for
　　43. a. operatingb. cyclingc. turningd. rushing
　　44. a. checkb. carryc. findd. board
　　45. a. streetb. groundc. floord. platform
　　46. a. pausedb. crossedc. reachedd. parked
　　47. a. wetb. weakc. sickd. hurt
　　48. a. ashamedb. discouragedc. surprisedd. puzzled
　　49. a. whileb. whenc. whered. after
　　50. a. hardlyb. casuallyc. absolutelyd. eventually
　　51. a. devotionb. donationc. connectiond. reaction
　　52. a. accurateb. urgentc. briefd. humorous
　　53. a. promiseb. appreciationc. adviced. guidance
　　54. a. troublesb. signalsc. rulesd. signs
　　55. a. correctedb. supportedc. amazedd. refreshed
　　第二节：阅读理解
　　a
　　federal regulators wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergence alert (警报) system using text messages delivered to cell phones.
　　text messages have exploded in popularity in recent years, particularly among young people. the wireless industry＂s trade association, ctia, estimates（估计） more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month.
　　the plan comes from the warning alert and response network act, a XX federal law that requires improvements to the nation＂s emergency alert system. the act tasked the federal communications commission (fcc) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.
　　＂the ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the american public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before, and during, disasters and other emergencies,＂ fcc chairman kevin martin said following approval of the plan.
　　participation in the alert system by carriers –telecommunications companies is voluntary, but it has received solid support from the wireless industry.
　　the program would be optional for cell phone users. they also may not be charged for receiving alerts.
　　there would be three different types of messages, according to the rules.
　　the first would be a national alert from the president, likely involving a terrorist attack or natural disaster. the second would involve ＂approaching threats,＂ which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. the third would be reserved for child abduction (绑架) emergencies, or so-called amber alerts.
　　the service could be in place by XX.
　　1. what is the purpose of the approved plan?
　　a. to warn people of emergencies vis messages.
　　b. to popularize the use of cell phones.
　　c. to estimate the monthly number of messages.
　　d. to promote the wireless industry.
　　2. the improvement to the present system is in the charge of ____.
　　a. ctia b. the warning alert and response network
　　c. fcc d. federal regulators
　　3. the carriers’ participation in the system is determined by _____.
　　a. the us federal government
　　b. mobile phone users
　　c. the carriers themselves
　　d. the law of the united states
　　4. which of the following is true of cell phone users?
　　a. they must accept the alert service.
　　b. they may enjoy the alert service for free.
　　c. they must send the alerts to others
　　d. they may choose the types of messages
　　5. an alert message will not be sent if _____.
　　a. a child loses his way.
　　b. a university shooting happens
　　c. a natural disaster happens
　　d. a terrorist attack occurs
　　6. which of the following would be the best title for the text?
　　a. cell phone alerts protecting students
　　b. cell phone alerts by wireless industry
　　c. cell phone alerts of national disasters
　　d. cell phone alerts coming soon
　　b
　　it was the summer of 1965. deluca, then 17, visited peter buck, a family friend. buck asked deluca about his plans for the future. ＂i’m going to college, but i need a way to pay for it,＂ deluca recalls saying. ＂buck said, ‘you should open a sandwich shop.’＂
　　that afternoon, they agreed to be partners. and they set a goal: to open 32 stores in ten years. after doing some research, buck wrote a check for $1000. deluca rented a storefront (店面) in connecticut, and when they couldn’t cover their start-up costs, buck kicked in another $1000.
　　but business didn’t go smoothly as they expected. deluca says, ＂after six months, we were doing poorly, but we didn’t know how badly, because we didn’t have any financial controls.＂ all he and buck knew was that their sales were lower than their costs.
　　deluca was managing the store and going to the university of bridgeport at the same time. buck was working at his day job as a nuclear physicist in new york. they’d meet monday evenings and brainstorm ideas for keeping the business running. ＂we convinced ourselves to open a second store. we figured we could tell the public, ‘we are so successful, we are opening a second store.’＂ and they did—in the spring of 1966. still, it was a lot of learning by trial and error.
　　but the partners’ learn-as-you-go approach turned out to be their greatest strength. every friday, deluca would drive around and hand-deliver the checks to pay their suppliers. ＂it probably took me two and a half hours and it wasn’t necessary, but as a result, the suppliers got to know me very well, and the personal relationships established really helped out,＂ deluca says.
　　and having a goal was also important. ＂there are so many problems that can get you down. you just have to keep working toward your goal,＂ deluca adds.
　　deluca ended up founding subway sandwich, the multimillion-dollar restaurant chain.
　　1. deluca opened the first sandwich shop in order to ____.
　　a. support his family
　　b. pay for his college education
　　c. help his partner expand business
　　d. do some research
　　2. which of the following is true of buck?
　　a. he put money into the sandwich business.
　　b. he was a professor of business administration.
　　c. he was studying at the university of bridgeport.
　　d. he rented a storefront for deluca.
　　3. what can we learn about their first shop?
　　a. it stood at an unfavorable palce.
　　b. it lowered the prices to promote sales.
　　c. it made no profits due to poor management
　　d. it lacked control over the quality of sandwiches
　　4. they decided to open a second store because they ___.
　　a. had enough money to do it.
　　b. had succeeded in their business
　　c. wished to meet the increasing demand of customers
　　d. wanted to make believe that they were successful
　　5. what contribute most to their success according to the author?
　　a. learning by trial and error.
　　b. making friends with suppliers.
　　c. finding a good partner.
　　d. opening chain stores.
　　boo 1 unit 4
　　第一部分：自我评价
　　1.【答案】b 考查冠词在名词前的使用。
　　【点拨】christmas圣诞节表特指，success此处是一次成功，按照句意此处为可数名词，故突破此题。
　　2.【答案】c 考查冠词在名词前的使用。
　　【点拨】XX beijing olympic为专有名词由名词构成故用the , 后空此处是一次成功，按照句意此处为可数名词，故选c.
　　3.【答案】b 考查动词词义及用法辨析。
　　【点拨】damage表示对某物带来某种程度的＂损害＂，使失去部分价值和功能；hit和strike指进行＂击，打，攻击＂；hurt用作及物动词时，指对人的身体或精神方面的伤害。按照句意此处仅是身体的伤害
　　第二部分：考点突破
　　1.1）rising 2)raised/rising 3)arise 4)aroused
　　2.1)ruined 2)如果你继续这样的话，就毁了你的前程。
　　3.1）hurt2)harm 3)b
　　6.1)a
　　7.1)a 2)c
　　【实战演练】1-5 addbd 6-10 bacbb
　　第三部分：当堂达标
　　一．1.damage 2. disaster 3. burst out 4. judging from 5. congratulations
　　二．1. electricity 2.rescued3.in ruins 4. shelter from the rain 5.in honor of
　　三．1.were well prepared 2. frightened 3.was shocked 4. five percent of;will have been finished
　　5. rises; sets
　　四．1-5caaab 6-10bdbdd 11.a
　　第四部分：25分钟课后能力提升
　　一．完型填空
　　36. b flood意为淹没。break意为中断，断裂；sink: 下沉，crash: 碰撞, 坠落, 皆不合题意。
　　37.a 由于暴雨，很多要上班的人被迫回家。sb. be forced to do:某人被迫做某事。refuse意为拒绝，adjust:调整，校准，使…适应，gather:聚集，集合。
　　38. c call a taxi,叫出租车。order，命令，订购（货物等），点（菜）。
　　39. c 从上文a terrible rainstorm可知是勇敢的面对暴风雨。climate指气候，不是具体某天的天气。scenery：风景，景色；burden：担子，负担。
　　40. d happen to be:碰巧是…，表示＂我碰巧是那天早晨上班赶路的人的其中之一＂。其他三个选项都能和不定式to do/be 搭配，但意思不符。used to be:曾经是，promise to do: 许诺做…，deserve to be: 值得是,应受…。
　　41. d 我意外的发现大部分的地铁路线的服务都停了。 practice：实践，练习。routine：常规；惯例；例行公事。process：过程，进程。
　　42. b through指从内部穿过。through crowds of people意为穿过人群。
　　43. a operate:运行，工作。表示＂终于找到一条还在运行的地铁线＂。
　　44. d board the subway意为：上地铁。board:上（船，车，飞机）。
　　45. d 意为：有太多人等着上地铁以至于我甚至不能挤上去站台的楼梯。只有platform 和地铁有关。
　　46. c 句意为：在过了好像一辈子那么久的时间后，火车终于到达了我（要到达）的站点。reach:及物动词，到达。pause:暂停, park：停车，都是不及物动词，不合题意。
　　47. a 因为下着大雨，所以应是＂我＂全身湿透了。与虚弱，疾病，受伤都不相关。
　　48. b 到达后的状态是精疲力竭的，气馁的，因为冒雨赶路的辛苦。ashamed意为：羞愧的，惭愧的，surprised:吃惊的，puzzled:困惑的，不解的。都不合题意。
　　49. b be about to do…when 固定句型，意为：正要做…这时…，不能用其他词代替。
　　50. d eventually意为：最终，终于。＂我＂的上司感谢我们做出努力，最终来报到上班。hardly：几乎不，casually：随意地，absolutely：绝对地。
　　51. a 句意为：有时候像这样，当员工们如此明显表现出他们对工作的忠于职守时，总是令人安慰的。devotion意为：热爱，忠诚。donation：捐赠，connection：联系，reaction：反应。
　　52. c 通过上文的short 可看出，信息是简短的。accurate：准确的, 精密的，urgent：紧急的，humorous：幽默的。
　　53. b appreciation:感激，从上文可知上司给他写的是感谢信。意为＂几句感谢的话有很大影响＂。
　　54. a 从上文中的找车，挤车可以看出是交通上的麻烦事，而不是交通信号或是规则。
　　55．d refresh使精力恢复; 使精神振作,通过下文的＂put a smile back on my face＂可选择，与上文的＂tied and upset＂相反。
　　二．阅读理解
　　a篇：1. a目的意图题。由第一段federal regulators wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergence alert (警报) system using text messages delivered to cell phones.可知批准通过的一个新计划的内容就是研发一种通过手机短信形式发送警报的新系统。
　　2. c 细节理解题。由第三段最后一句话＂the act tasked the federal communications commission (fcc) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.＂可知fcc就是要来负责找到新的方法来提醒人们注意警报。
　　3. c细节理解题。由第五段＂participation in the alert system by carriers –telecommunications companies is voluntary＂，特别是其中的关键词＂voluntary＂（自愿的，自发的）,可知手机使用者自愿决定参加这个新系统的实验与否。
　　4. b判断正误题。由第六段的内容描述，特别是关键句＂they also may not be charged for receiving alerts.＂可判断出参与者可以免费获得警报信息服务。
　　5. a细节理解题。由最后一段的＂the first would be a national alert from the president, likely involving a terrorist attack or natural disaster. the second would involve ＂approaching threats,＂ which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. the third would be reserved for child abduction (绑架) emergencies, or so-called amber alerts.＂对三种信息服务的描述可知a项不是所发信息内容，b,c,d三项都分别在原文中提到了。
　　6.d主旨大意题。由第一段的开门见山，点明话题到最后一段的重申主题，对未来这种新系统展望，可得出最准确的题目是d，a错在protecting students b项错在by wireless industry, c 项错在national disasters。
　　b篇：1.b 细节理解题。由第一段关键句＂＂i’m going to college, but i need a way to pay for it,＂.＂ 可知其目的是为了支付大学的费用。
　　2. a判断正误题。由第二段关键句＂buck wrote a check for $1000＂和＂buck kicked in another $1000.＂，可知是投资人，他投入了很多运转资金。b项错在a professor of …c项错在studying at ….d项错在rented a …
　　3.c推理判断题。由第三段的内容描述，but business didn’t go smoothly as they expected. deluca says, ＂after six months, we were doing poorly, but we didn’t know how badly, because we didn’t have any financial controls.＂ all he and buck knew was that their sales were lower than their costs.可判断出他们的第一家商店由于经营不善，以亏本失败而告终。
　　4.d细节理解题。由第四段的＂we convinced ourselves to open a second store. we figured we could tell the public, ‘we are so successful, we are opening a second store.’可知他们之所以在开第二家商店主要就是为了向别人证明他们是能够成功的。
　　5.a推理判断题。总结全文故事发展脉络，根据第四段最后一句话＂still, it was a lot of learning by trial and error.可推论出他们取得成功的主要原因在于他们的坚持不懈，反复尝试。