HeampnbspsaidampnbspIampnbspwasampnbsphardworking教案

　　unit 4　he said i was hard-working 知识归纳
　　【单元目标】
　　1．单词与短语
　　ever 　 　　mad 　 　　　anymore 　　　　snack
　　message　 　suppose　　　hard-working　 nervous
　　semester　　worst　 　 　true　 　　　　 disappointing
　　lucky　 　　copy　 　　　hers　 　　　　 decision
　　start　 　　influence　 peace　 　　　　 border
　　danger
　　first of all 　　 　　首先
　　pass on 　　　　　　　 传递
　　be supposed to 　 　　被期望或被要求... ...
　　do better in 　　　　　在......方面做得更好
　　be in good health 　　身体健康
　　report card 　　　　　 成绩单
　　get over　 　　　　　　克服；恢复；原谅
　　open up 　　　　　　　 打开
　　care for　 　　　　　　照料；照顾
　　have a party for sb.　为某人举行一次聚会
　　be mad at sb
　　2．目标句型：
　　转述他人话语
　　what did sb. say?
　　he said i …
　　she said she…
　　they said…
　　3．语法
　　直接引语和间接引语
　　【重难点分析】
　　直接引语和间接引语
　　（一）直接引述别人的原话，叫做直接引语；用自己话转述别人的话，叫做间接引语。间接引语一般构成宾语从句。直接引语必须放在引号内，间接引语则不用引号。直接引语改为间接引语时，除将引语部分变成宾语从句外，还必须对直接引语中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等进行改变。
　　1. 时态的变化：直接引语变为间接引语时，通常受转述动词said，asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态，即把原来的时态向过去推，也就是一般现在时变为一般过去时，现在进行时变为过去进行时等。
　　 例如：
　　 　tom said to me,＂my brother is doing his homework.＂
　　  tom said to me that his brother was doing his homework.
　　2. 人称代词、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等等的变化；根据意义进行相应的变化。
　　 例如：
　　 　she asked jack,＂where have you been?＂
　　  she asked jack where he had been.
　　 　he said,＂these books are mine.＂
　　  he said that those books were his.
　　（二）直接引语改为间接引语时，都使用陈述语序，但是因为原句的句式不同，所以变成间接引语时所用的连词会有所不同。
　　1.陈述句的间接引语
　　陈述句由直接引语变间接引语，通常由that引导，可以省略。
　　＂i want the blue one.＂ he told us. ＂我想要兰色的。＂ 他说。
　　  he told us that he wanted the blue one.他说他想要兰色的。
　　 　she said to me, ＂you can’t settle anything now.＂她对我说：＂此刻你无法解决任何事情。＂
　　 　 she told me that i couldn’t settle anything then.　她对我说那时侯我无法解决任何事。
　　2. 疑问句的间接引语
　　直接引语如果是疑问句，变成间接引语后，叫做间接疑问句。间接疑问句为陈述语序，句末用句号，动词时态等的变化与间接陈述句相同。引述动词常用ask, wonder, want to know, inquire。间接疑问句一般有三种：
　　(1)．一般疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时， 由whether或if 引导。
　　如：
　　 ＂has he ever worked in shanghai?＂jim asked.
　　＂他在上海工作过吗？＂吉姆问。
　　 　 jim asked whether/if he had ever worked in shanghai.
　　吉姆问他是否在上海工作过。
　　 ＂can you tell me the way to the hospital?＂ the old man asked.
　　那个老人问：＂你能告诉我去医院的路吗？
　　 　 the old man asked whether i could tell him the way to the hospital.
　　那个老人问我是否能告诉他去医院的路。
　　(2). 特殊疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，仍由原来的疑问词引导。
　　如：
　　＂which room do you live in?＂ he asked. ＂你住哪个房间？＂他问我。
　　  he asked me which room i lived in. 他问我住哪个房间。
　　 　＂what do you think of the film?＂ she asked. 她问＂你怎么看这部电影？＂
　　  she asked her friend what she thought of the film.　她问她的朋友怎么看这部电影。
　　(3). 选择疑问句由直接引语变为间接引语时，由whether/if …or引导。
　　如：
　　 ＂is it your bike or tom’s? mum asked.
　　妈妈问：＂这是你的自行车还是汤姆的？＂
　　  mum asked whether/if it was my bike or tom’s.
　　妈妈问这是我的自行车还是汤姆的。
　　 　＂does your sister like blue dresses or green ones?＂ kate asked.
　　＂你妹妹喜欢兰色的裙子还是绿色的？＂凯特问。
　　  kate asked whether/if my sister liked blue dresses or green ones.
　　凯特问我的妹妹喜欢兰色的裙子还是绿色的。
　　3. 祈使句的间接引语
　　当祈使句变为间接引语时，间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell，ask，order，beg，request，order等，而把直接祈使句变成带to的不定式短语。
　　如：
　　jack said, ＂please come to my house tomorrow, mary.　＂杰克说：＂玛丽，明天请到我家来。＂
　　 jack asked mary to go to his house the next day.　　杰克请玛丽第二天到他家去。
　　the teacher said to the students, ＂stop talking.＂老师对学生们说：＂不要讲话了。＂
　　 the teacher told the students to stop talking.老师让学生们不要说话了。
　　＂don’t touch anything.＂ he said.＂不要碰任何东西。＂他说。
　　 he told us not to touch anything.他对我们说不要碰任何东西。
　　4. 动词时态和代词等的变动
　　(1). 某些代词，限定词，表示时间或地点的副词和个别动词在间接引语中的变化规则如下：
　　 直接引语　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　间接引语
　　 　　today　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　that day
　　 　　now 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　then, at that moment
　　 　　yesterday　　　　　　　 　　　　　　the day before
　　 　　the day before yesterday　　　 　　two days before
　　 　　tomorrow　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 the next day / the following day
　　 　　the day after tomorrow　　 　　 　 two days after, / in two days
　　 next week/ month etc　　　　 　　　the next week/month etc
　　 　last week/ month etc　　　　 　　　the week / month etc. before
　　 　here　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 there
　　 　this　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 that
　　 　these　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　those
　　 　come　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　 go
　　 　bring　　　　　　　　　 　　　　　　take
　　(2). 如果引述动词为现在时形式，则间接引语中的动词时态，代词，限定词和表示时间或地点的副词不用变化。而如果引述动词是过去时，以上内容就要有相应变化。变化情况如下：
　　 现在时间推移到过去的时间，即一般现在时变为一般过去时；
　　 　＂i feel better today.＂ he said.
　　＂我今天感觉好多了。＂他说。
　　  he said that he felt better that day.
　　他说他那天感觉好多了。
　　 　现在进行时变为过去进行时；
　　 ＂xiao ming is doing some washing＂ mum said.
　　＂小明正在洗衣服。＂妈妈说。
　　 　 mum said that xiao ming was doing some washing.
　　妈妈说小明正在洗衣服。
　　练习
　　i. put the following into reported speech.
　　1. ＂in most countries red stands for danger.＂ said mr. jackson.
　　2. ＂you must leave a message for your mother.＂ said tom.
　　3. ＂are you being attended to, sir?＂ he asked.
　　4. ＂shall i carry your bag for you?＂ mary asked.
　　5. ＂do you know her name?＂ my friend jack asked me.
　　6. ＂where is the nearest hospital?＂ john asked.
　　7. ＂don＂t look out of the window when you have classes.＂ our teacher told us.
　　8. ＂make good use of your time.＂ mr. li advised.
　　9. he asked li ying ＂were you watching tv at this time yesterday?＂
　　10. he asked me, ＂when did you see the film?＂
　　ii. please change the following sentences from indirect speech into direct speech.
　　11. betty asked me if i had been at home the day before.
　　betty asked me，＂___ ___ at home ___?＂
　　12. she said that she had been back for a week.
　　she said，＂___ ___ ___ for a week.＂
　　13. mr. smith said that john had told him all about it three weeks before.
　　mr. smith said，＂john ___ ___ all about it three weeks ___.＂
　　14. the teacher asked his student why she had made so many mistakes in the test that time.
　　the teacher asked his student，＂why __ __ __ so many mistakes in the test __ time?＂
　　 15. the teacher asked us whether we were ready.
　　 the teacher asked us，＂___ ___ ___?＂
　　 16. the teacher told her not to be late any more.
　　 the teacher ___ ___ her，＂___ ___ late any more!＂
　　 17. my doctor told me not to read in bed.
　　 my doctor ___ ___ me，＂___ ___ in bed.＂
　　 18. liu ying told me that she would help me with my english.
　　 liu ying said to me，＂___ ___ help ___ with ___ english.＂
　　 19. do you know what factory his father works in?
　　 what factory ___ his father ___ in? do you know?
　　 20. the monitor told us that we were going to have a meeting the next day.
　　 the monitor said, ＂we ___ ___ to have a meeting ___.＂
　　iii. reading
　　man has always wanted to fly. some of the greatest men in history have thought about the problem. one of these, for example, was the great italian artist, leonardo da vinci. in the sixteenth century he made designs for machines that would fly. among these designs there was actually one for a helicopter. there was also another one for a parachute (降落伞). but these things were all designs. they were never built.
　　throughout history, other less famous men have wanted to fly. a typical example ws a man in england 800 years ago. he made a pair of wings from chicken feathers. then he fixed them to his shoulders and jumped into the air from a tall building. he did not fly very far. instead, he fell to the ground and broke every bone in his body,
　　the first real steps took place in france, in 1783. two brothers, the montgolfiers, made a very large ＂hot air balloon＂. they knew that hot air rises. why not fill a balloon with it? the balloon was made of cloth and paper. in september of that year, the king and queen of france came to see the balloon. they watched it carry the very first air passengers into the sky. the passengers were a sheep, a chicken and a duck. we do not know how they felt about the trip. but we do know that the trip lasted eight minutes and that the animals landed safely. two months later, two men did the same thing. on 21 november, pilatre de rozier and the marquis a arlande rose above paris in a similar balloon. their trip lasted twenty-five minutes and they traveled about eight kilometers.
　　21. in the sixteenth century, __________ was built to help fly in the sky.
　　a. a helicopter
　　b. parachute
　　c. designs for machines
　　d. nothing
　　22. the man with a pair of wings from chicken feathers _________.
　　a. flew very far
　　b. flew a short distance
　　c. realized his dream
　　d. fell to the ground and died
　　23. the ＂hot air balloon＂could fly because __________.
　　a. hot air rises
　　b. it is made of cloth and paper
　　c. there＂s a balloon with it
　　d. it＂s very large
　　24. on 21 november, pilatre de rozier and the marquis a arlande rose above paris _______.
　　a. in the same balloon as a sheep，a chicken and a duck were once in
　　b. in a completely different balloon
　　c. in another ＂hot air balloon＂
　　d. in a helicopter
　　25. the best title for this passage is ＂_____________＂.
　　a. two brothers，the montgolgiers
　　b. hot air balloons and wings made from chicken feathers
　　c. designs for machines that would fly
　　d. trip in hot air balloon
　　key
　　i.
　　1. mr jackson said that in most countries red stood for danger.
　　2. tom said that i must leave a message for my mother.
　　3. he asked if/ whether i was being attended to.
　　4. mary asked me whether / if i should carry her bag for her.
　　5. my friend jack asked me if i knew her name.
　　6. john asked me where the nearest hospital was.
　　7. our teacher told us not to look out of the window when we have classes.
　　8. mr. li advised us to make good use of our time.
　　9. he asked li ying if she was watching tv at that time yesterday.
　　10. he asked me when i saw the film. 此句涉及到某一具体时间，不必转换成过去完成时。
　　ii.
　　11. were you, yesterday
　　12. i＂ve been back
　　13. told me, ago
　　14. did you make/ have you made
　　15. are you ready?
　　16. said to, don＂t be
　　17. said to, don＂t read
　　18. i will, you , your
　　19. does, work
　　20. are going, tomorrow
　　iii.
　　21-25 ddacb