Q：开复老师，我学的是工程专业，但是我对管理方面很有兴趣，从小就读了很多管理方面的书，希望以后能做管理工作。您是如何看待技术和管理这两方面的关系的？可否就我的情况给我一些建议？我的职业规划应该如何做？
A：有关技术和管理的关系，我认为你还是要把技术的基础打好。我可以肯定地告诉你，如果我领导的部门里的所有工程师和科学家，认为我只会管理，不懂技术，我很快就会失去他们的尊敬。作为领导，你不必懂得比下属更多的技术，但是你也不能让他们觉得是在对牛弹琴。
另外，当你步入社会后，第一个工作可能还是技术工作，从基层做起，所以对专业技术的学习你不能放弃。当然，既然你对管理更有兴趣，那么这些方面才是你最需要投入、加强的。但是，你一定要把技术做得“足够好”以后再投入，学技术是你“必须做的事”，需要你专注对待。如果你依然对管理感兴趣，现在你能够做的最有用的事情就是多与人相处，寻找团队合作的机会，因为这是管理者必需的基础能力。
看了你的“职业规划”，我首先要恭喜你在“认识自我”方面做得相当好。我认为你现在应该通过网络、同学和老师多做一些咨询的工作，打听一下什么公司是你最向往的？每一个公司从技术转换到管理的可能性有多大？哪些公司成长比较快（成长快的公司会有更多“提升成管理”的机会）？ 在你找到几家最向往的公司之后，你应该再做一个计划，最大化自己被录用的机会。
这里我建议你用一个我称为“两步计划”的方法：从下一步的下一步往回做计划。
这个“两步计划”的想法来自于Google 的高级副总裁 Jonathan Rosenberg。他说：“每周都有两三个人找我，希望我帮助他们做职业计划。我的回答很简单：拟定你三到五年能达到的一个‘完美工作’，写你那时可能会拥有的履历表。评估你对那个工作申请的可能性，你的强项和弱项。把你的分析拿给比你资深的人评估，让他们帮助你做一个‘落差分析’和你的培训、发展计划。”
例如，如果你的下两步是想进入微软营销部门做销售，那么现在你可以去做一下咨询，然后你可能会发现这个部门从不雇应届毕业生，但是这个部门需要不少技术人员做售后服务，而且有不少这种技术人员在一段时间后能够转做销售。那么你的“第一步”就可以先申请售后服务的职位，然后再通过努力做到销售。
在二十一世纪，换工作和换公司是常见的，只是大部分人是为了更多的钱或更高的职位才换的。但是，我建议你应该用职业规划来引导自己，而在你的职业规划中，职业生涯就像攀岩，需要一步一步往上攀，同一时间四肢只能有一肢离开岩壁，否则就要跌落悬崖；职业生涯也像爬山，不应在山脚下徘徊，而应该选择一条道路，然后一点一点调整，并不断向山顶逼近。只要一步一步来，你可以从技术支持工作转到技术开发工作，从一个二流企业转到一流企业，当然也可以从非管理工作转到管理工作。
老总：人生的职业规划(英文版)
人生的职业规划Dear Colleagues:
I have been thinking for a long time whether I should
send this email to you to share with you my viewpoints
on career planning. I have kept the email for weeks and
now decide to share it with you all.
If you think it may help you, I would encourage you to
read and digest it once, twice, many times, until
you really understand what I meant. As this email is long,
please read it only when you have time or are more relaxing.
The reason for this email is mainly because I have sadly
seen many of our bright colleagues leave SynTest without
good career planning. Often they don’t know what they are
doing but simply driven by higher pay from another company.
After 18+ years of watching the performance of these former
SynTest employees in industry, I can kind of conclude that
those who continue to choose DFT as their
career have excelled much better than those don’t.
Worsely, a majority of them who switched to
other fields have lost or get buried in the sea now!
This statistics is quite discouraging, but there are good
reasons behind. I can give two reasons below:
1. Everyone has his/her own best talents which are best
trained and developed on their first job. As time passes by,
we are becoming less focused and creative
in other fields. Combined with our lack of solid training
in the past, our performance in other fields
won’t be as good as in the DFT field. Thus, we can easily
disappoint our future bosses and employers, when they
compare us with those solely trained in the new field.
2. Switching field the first time is acceptable in industry, but
switching field the second time will become a disaster. The main
reason is no companies or people would trust this person any more.
Bear it in mind that trust is the only ingredient on which
people can rely to be your friends or colleagues.
Switching field during career move more than once sends a very
bad signal to people that the person is highly unstable or incapable
in the DFT field. The worst ever would be – people think
the person is no longer dependable and trustworthy.
This would also scare your good friends away as they may not
believe you would be a good business partner in the future.
This was why I always get very upset when I heard our bright
colleagues would leave SynTest to pursue a career in other fields.
I always wonder why they cannot see the bright future working on
DFT and why they are willing to gamble so much working on a field
in which they have no technical skills at all. Why do they assume
their new bosses and future companies would not find their
weakness out and lose trust in them afterwards?
So, I am writing to show you the DFT paths you can follow
if you have doubt or questions now.
1. Technical Path
This path is the simplest. For example, if you prefer to
work on engineering, then you can choose the following path:
engineer -> senior engineer -> staff engineer
-> principle engineer -> fellow
Your eventual goal might be to publish influential IEEE/ACM
conference and journal papers, become an IEEE/ACM fellow, or
even return to academia as a professor when you get old.
2. Management Path
This path is only for those who have management interest and
feel that life would be more interesting if they can help
grow young engineers’ careers.
engineer -> senior engineer -> manager -> director -> VP
Your eventual goal might be to become an influential VP
who can put together a team to build a best-in-class
product that can make significant impact on the company,
society, and industry. Then, all glories will come after you!
3. Entrepreneurship Path
This path will be for those people who want to assume profit
and loss responsibility and become a general manager,
a president, a CEO, or an entrepreneur in the future.
This person must have interdisciplinary skills across departments.
SynTest training would be for the person (either an R&D engineer,
a corporate AE [CAE], a QA engineer, or a marketing manager)
to go through the FAE (field AE) path. For example,
R&D -> CAE -> FAE -> General Manager (this is the path I took)
QA -> CAE -> FAE -> General Manager
Admin/Marketing -> FAE -> General Manager
Your eventual goal might be to lead (1) the company to where it becomes
a power house in the world and (2) your colleagues to where they all
become technical competent and financially independent.
In general, any company is willing to pay high price to an exceptional
FAE because he or she can help the company win new customers. To win
new customers, the FAE must have pleasant personality and communication
skills to work with the prospects, the R&D department,
the AE/QA department, and the sales/marketing department, and
complete the task per the deadline.
Also, the FAE must be bright enough because right decisions
may have to be made instantly in front of the prospects.
As these FAEs are so crucial to any company success,
there is no point for the company not to do whatever it takes
to keep them. They are becoming the treasures and the next successors
of the company! Similar reasoning applies to exceptional engineers
and managers.
So, if you really wanted to succeed in your career with better living
and respect from people, you must at least prove to yourself and
your bosses that you are an exceptional engineer, manager,
or FAE whom the company can trust. Without proving yourself, good
opportunities won’t fall into you and money will always run faster
than you can catch!
You can judge where you are now and see which career path you
want to be. Having been working at SynTest for years,
you may have found SynTest is one of the very few companies that
is willing to train you, pave the path you are choosing,
and sincerely wants to help you grow to reach your goals.
So, why not set a career goal you want to reach in the DFT field
and let your colleagues, Susan, and me help you out before you
are becoming more competent and capable on DFT?
God Bless You!
LT
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