2019届高考英语第一轮复习专项教案

　　unit 1　friendship
　　教 材 面 面 观
　　单词拓展
　　1.________ n．连续；系列
　　2．________ vt.使不安；使心烦　adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的
　　3．________vt.不理睬；忽视　________n．　________adj.
　　4．________vt.(使)担忧；涉及；关系到　n．担心；关注
　　5．________vt. & vi.(使)安家；停留；安排；解决
　　________n.
　　6．________vt. & vi.痊愈；康复；重新获得　________n.
　　7．________vt. & vi.捆扎；包装；打行李　n．小包；包裹
　　8．________vi.不同意　________n. 　opp.________vt.&vi.
　　9．________vt. & n．不喜欢；厌恶
　　10．________vt.倾斜；倒翻　n．提示；技巧；尖端；小费
　　11．________adj.平静的；镇静的；沉着的　vt.& vi.(使)平静；(使)镇定　________n.
　　12．________adj.松的；松开的　________adv.
　　13．________adj.整个的；完全的；全部的　________adv.
　　14．________adj.感激的；表示谢意的
　　15．________adv.确实如此；正是；确切地　________adj.
　　短语回顾
　　1.add________　　　　　　　合计
　　2．________down (使)平静下来；(使)镇定下来
　　3．be concerned________ 关心；挂念
　　4．go________ 经历；经受
　　5．set________ 放下；记下；登记
　　6．a________of 一连串的；一系列；一套
　　7．________purpose 故意
　　8．________dusk 在黄昏时刻
　　9．________/not...any longer 不再
　　10．get/be tired________ 对……厌烦
　　11．________along with 与……相处；进展
　　12．hide________ 躲藏；隐藏
　　13．suffer________ 遭受；患病
　　14．pack(sth.)________ 将(东西)装箱打包
　　15．________in love with sb. 与……相爱
　　句型背诵
　　1.________ ________ ________ ________， you were careless and it got loose.
　　当你在遛狗时不小心让狗松脱了。
　　2．i wonder if ________ ________ i haven＂t been able to be outdoors for so long ________ i＂ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
　　我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
　　3．that＂s changed ________ ________ ________ ________.
　　自从我来到这里，这一切都变了。
　　4．it was the first time in a year and a half that ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ .
　　这是一年半以来我第一次目睹夜晚。
　　5．you will tell him/her________he/she________ ________ ________...
　　你会告诉他/她本应该学习……
　　6．mother asked her if/whether she was very hot________so many clothes________.
　　妈妈问她穿这么多衣服是不是很热。
　　自我诊断
　　单词拓展
　　1．series　2.upset　3.ignore，ignorance，ignorant　4.concern
　　5．settle，settlement　6.recover，recovery　7.pack
　　8．disagree，disagreement，agree　9.dislike　10.tip　11.calm，calmness　12.loose，loosely　13.entire，entirely　14.grateful
　　15．exactly，exact
　　短语回顾
　　1．up　2.calm　3.about　4.through　5.down　6.series
　　7．on　8.at　9.no longer　10.of　11.get　12.away
　　13．from　14.up　15.fall
　　句型背诵
　　1．while walking the dog
　　2．it＂s because; that
　　3．since i was here
　　4．i＂d seen the night face to face
　　5．that; should have studied
　　6．with; on
　　考 点 串 串 讲
　　重点单词
　　1.ignore vt.不理睬，忽视
　　he completely ignored all these facts as though they never existed.
　　他完全无视这一切，好像它们根本不存在似的。
　　she saw him coming but she ignored him.
　　她看见他走过来，但装作没看到他。
　　never should we ignore traffic regulations.
　　我们任何时候都不应忽视交通规则。
　　用法拓展
　　ignorance n．无知，不知
　　ignorant adj.无知的，愚昧的
　　ignorantly adv.无知地，愚昧地
　　be ignorant about/of对……不了解，无知的
　　易混辨析
　　ignorant，illiterate，uneducated与unlearned
　　ignorant指＂缺乏一般知识的＂或＂缺乏某科学识的＂。如：
　　he＂s not stupid，merely ignorant.
　　他并不愚蠢，只是无知。
　　illiterate指＂文盲的，不能读或写的＂。如：
　　there are still many illiterate people in our country.
　　在我国还有许多文盲。
　　uneducated指＂未受过正规系统教育的＂。如：
　　he was uneducated.
　　他未受过正规教育。
　　unlearned指＂无学问的，无文化的＂。如：
　　he was not unlearned in history.
　　他对历史并非无知。
　　即境活用
　　翻译句子
　　①她没理他，继续干她的活。
　　________________________________________________________________________
　　②他对现代科技一无所知。
　　________________________________________________________________________
　　答案：①she ignored him and carried on with her work.
　　②he＂s completely ignorant about modern technology.
　　2．concern n．关心，关切的事；担忧
　　v．涉及，与……有关，影响；使关心，使担心
　　how much money i earn is none of your concern.
　　我挣多少钱与你无关。
　　these problems concern all of them.
　　这些问题影响到他们每一个人。
　　she concerns herself with social welfare.
　　她从事社会福利工作。
　　用法拓展
　　be concerned about/for concern oneself about/for关心；挂念；为……担心
　　be concerned with/in与……有关；涉及；参与
　　so/as far as...be concerned就……而言
　　show concern for sb. about sth.对某人某事表示关心
　　concerning prep.关于；就……而言
　　please don＂t be concerned about me.
　　请不要为我担心。
　　more than one person has been concerned in this.
　　不止一个人与这件事有牵连。
　　so far as he＂s concerned，nothing is as important as his daughter.
　　对他来说，什么也比不上他女儿重要。
　　people are using their heads，thinking problems over and showing concern for the state and the party.
　　人们动脑筋，想问题，关心国家，关心党。
　　he asked several questions concerning the future of the company.
　　他问了几个关于公司未来的问题。
　　即境活用
　　单项填空
　　①the meeting was concerned________ reforms and everyone present was concerned________ their own interests.
　　a．with；for　　　　　　　b．with；with
　　c．for；about d．about；with
　　②what seems to be reasonable according to the report________ drinking water?
　　a．concern b．concerned
　　c．concerning d．to concern
　　答案：①a　②c
　　3．calm adj.(天气、海洋等)静的，平静的，镇静的，沉着的 v．(使)平静，(使)镇定，平息
　　the mother calmed her child.
　　母亲使孩子安静下来。
　　the crying child soon calmed down.
　　哭闹的小孩不大一会就安静下来。
　　after the storm it was calm.
　　暴风雨过后风平浪静。
　　用法拓展
　　keep calm！安静！保持镇静！
　　calm down使平息，使平静
　　即境活用
　　翻译句子
　　①他深吸了几口气，以使自己镇静下来。
　　________________________________________________________________________
　　②照相时，要保持不动。
　　________________________________________________________________________
　　③课堂上，对老师的问题不应保持沉默。
　　________________________________________________________________________
　　答案：①he took a few deep breaths to calm himself down.
　　②when taken photos of，one should keep still.
　　③in class，one shouldn＂t keep silent about the teacher＂s questions.
　　4．suffer vt.&vi.经历或遭受(不愉快之事)；受苦；吃苦头；变坏；变糟
　　the company suffered huge losses in the last financial crisis.
　　这家公司在上次金融危机中损失惨重。
　　i made a rash decision and now i am suffering from it.
　　我作决定太仓促，现在可吃到苦头了。
　　her school work is suffering because of family problems.
　　由于家庭问题，她的功课变糟了。
　　易混辨析
　　suffer与suffer from
　　①suffer用作及物动词时，表示＂遭受，蒙受，受到＂，其宾语一般是loss(损失)，pain(痛苦)，punishment(处罚)，defeat(失败)，hardship(苦难)，injustice(不公正)，grief(悲伤)，disappointment(失望)，wrong(委屈)等。
　　②suffer from表示＂为……所苦，因……而吃苦头＂，还可表示＂患……病＂。
　　she suffered the loss of her students＂ respect.
　　她失去了学生对她的尊重。
　　our business has suffered from lack of investment.
　　我们的企业因缺乏投资而受苦。
　　mrs. white＂s little boy is suffering from a bad flu again.
　　怀特太太的小孩又患了严重的感冒。
　　即境活用
　　单项填空
　　the ships________terrible loss during this sea battle.
　　a．suffered in b．suffered a lot
　　c．suffered d．were suffered
　　答案：c
　　5．add vt. & vi.增加；增添；补充说
　　用法拓展
　　add up sth./add sth. up把……加起来，up为副词，宾语若为代词应置于中间。
　　add up to( come to, total)加起来总和是，总共有，不用于被动语态，后常跟表示数字的词作宾语。
　　add to( increase)增加；增添
　　add...to...把……加到(进)……里
　　add that补充说……
　　①the fire is going out; will you add some wood?
　　火快熄了，请你加些木柴好吗？
　　②＂don＂t be late，＂she added.＂别迟到，＂她补充说。
　　③add up all the money i owe you, please.
　　请把我欠你的钱全部加起来。
　　④the numbers add up to exactly 100.
　　这些数字的总数恰好是100。
　　⑤fireworks added to the attraction of the festival night.
　　焰火使节日的夜晚生色。
　　⑥shall i add your name to the list?
　　我可以把你的名字加入名单吗？
　　⑦the professor told us to make notes of key points, adding that they would be included in the examination papers.
　　教授告诉我们要记下要点，并且补充说这些要点会在考卷中涉及。
　　即境活用
　　单项填空
　　the woods and the newly dug river through the campus ________ the beauty of this world­known university.
　　a．add up　　 　b．add to
　　c．are added up d．are added to
　　答案：b
　　6．power n．能力；力量；权力
　　用法拓展
　　be in power执政；掌权
　　come to power上台；执政
　　take/seize power掌握政权
　　lose power丧失政权
　　under one＂s own power凭借自身的力量
　　have the power to do sth.具有做某事的能力
　　beyond/out of one＂s power力所不能及；超出某人的能力
　　①the aim is to give people more power over their own lives.
　　目标是让人们更能主宰自己的生命。
　　②the party came to power at the last election.
　　这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政的。
　　③she is the one who has the power to hire or fire people.
　　她有权力雇用或辞退人员。
　　④after the accident she lost the power of speech.
　　事故之后，她丧失了语言能力。
　　易混辨析
　　power, strength, force与energy
　　power主要指做事所依靠的能力、功能，也可指人或机器等事物潜在的或发挥出来的力量，还可以指职权或政权。
　　strength指固有的潜力。说人时，指＂力气＂；说物时，指＂强度＂。
　　force主要指自然界的力量；暴力、势力以及法律、道德或感情的力量；军事力量等。
　　energy主要指人的精力或自然界中的能量。
　　①he has the power to make things very unpleasant for us.
　　他掌握着我们的命运，可以把我们搞得狼狈不堪。
　　②a washing machine is a saver of time and strength.
　　洗衣机省时又省力。
　　③the force of the explosion broke all the windows.
　　爆炸力把所有窗子都震碎了。
　　④you＂ll need to apply all your energy to this job.
　　你需要把全部精力投入到这项工作中去。
　　即境活用
　　单项填空
　　electricity, like other forms of ________， has greatly increased in price.
　　a．strength　　　　　　　　b．force
　　c．power d．energy
　　答案：d
　　7．upset vt.使不安　adj.心烦意乱的
　　用法拓展
　　it upsets sb. that...使人心烦的是……(it形式主语)
　　it upsets sb. to do sth.做某事使某人心烦(it形式主语)
　　be upset about sth.(对某事)失望；沮丧；难过
　　①she was upset that he had left without saying goodbye.
　　他的不辞而别让她感到心烦。
　　②this decision is likely to upset a lot of people.
　　这项决定很可能会使很多人悻然不快。
　　③it upset him that nobody had bothered to tell him about it.
　　让他不高兴的是，谁也没把这件事告诉他。
　　④it upset me to think of her all alone in that big house.
　　想到她孤身一人守着那所大房子我就不舒服。
　　⑤there is no point getting upset about it.
　　犯不着为此事难过。
　　即境活用
　　单项填空
　　because he didn＂t finish the work on time and was fired by the company, he was very ________ about it.
　　a．upset　　　　　　　　b．surprised
　　c．curious d．upsetting
　　答案：a
　　8．settle v．安家，使定居，安排，解决
　　she has settled her family in shanghai.她已在上海定居。
　　he settled down as a farmer with a family.
　　他与一家人安顿下来务农。
　　he settled the difficult problem.他解决了这个大难题。
　　用法拓展
　　settle in(迁入新居、更换工作后)安顿下来；使习惯，使适应
　　settle to do sth.决定去做某事
　　settle down平静下来；定居；成家
　　settle (oneself) down to work安下心来工作
　　settle up结清，付清(欠账)
　　即境活用
　　翻译句子
　　①wait until the excitement has settled down.
　　________________________________________________________________________
　　②will you settle for all of us?
　　________________________________________________________________________
　　③that settles it!
　　________________________________________________________________________
　　答案：①等到兴奋的情绪镇静下来再说。
　　②你会为我们大家付账吗？
　　③[口]事情就这样定了！(这就完了！)
　　重点短语
　　1.go through v．仔细检查，经历，经受，用完，被通过，参加，搜查，履行
　　let＂s go through the arguments again.
　　咱们再详细研究一下这些论据吧。
　　she has gone through all her savings.
　　她已花光了所有积蓄。
　　用法拓展
　　go along(with sb.)向前进，一起去
　　go by消失；经过
　　go off爆炸，经历爆破
　　go on发生；恰巧发生
　　go out灭掉，熄灭；出门，外出；过时
　　go over越过……；复习
　　go in for参加，从事；对……感兴趣
　　go without没有……也忍受过去
　　即境活用
　　翻译句子
　　①i didn＂t know________(发生了什么事)．
　　②a rumor________(传遍)the town.
　　③i don＂t________(喜欢)rock and roll.it＂s much too noisy for my taste.
　　答案：①what was going on
　　②went through
　　③go in for
　　2．join in参加，加入
　　our teacher often joins us in singing and dancing.
　　老师经常与我们一起唱歌跳舞。
　　易混辨析
　　join，join in，take part in与attend
　　join become a member of加入某一组织，并成为其中一员。
　　例如：
　　he joined the army/league/party/club/students＂ union.
　　他参军/入团/入党/参加俱乐部/加入学生会。
　　join in activities或join sb. in activities与……一起参加某项活动。例如：
　　come and join us in the discussion.
　　来参加我们的讨论吧。
　　take part in参加某项活动。它和join都有＂参加＂的意思，但take part in强调参与性，而且强调在活动中起一定作用，并负有责任。例如：
　　tens of thousands of workers took part in the strike/revolutionary movement/fighting.
　　成千上万的工人参加了罢工/革命运动/战斗。
　　attend是表示＂参加＂的正式用语，其后可跟meeting/conference/school/lecture/church/wedding等。例如：
　　i am very happy to receive the invitation to attend the international conference.
　　我很高兴收到参加这一国际会议的请柬。
　　即境活用
　　完成句子
　　①china has________(加入)the wto.
　　②he________(积极参加)many school activities.
　　③he didn＂t________(没上学)yesterday.
　　答案：①joined　②took an active part in　③attend school
　　3．have got to不得不，必须
　　用法拓展
　　have got to have to不得不，必须
　　must一定，必须
　　特别提醒
　　have got to是have to的口语形式；must强调主观看法；have to指客观需要。
　　have got to的否定式为haven＂t got to，have to的否定式为don＂t have to。变为疑问句时，前者have提前，后者借助于助动词do。
　　表一次性动作时，两者可互换。但表示习惯性动作，尤其是句中含有always，often，sometimes等频率副词时，则使用have to。
　　即境活用
　　单项填空
　　you________show your passport.
　　a．have to b．must
　　c．need d．can
　　答案：a　句意为：你必须出示你的护照。此处表示一种客观需要，用have to。
　　4．set down放下；记下；登记
　　用法拓展
　　set aside　留名，拨出(时间、金钱等)；把……置于一旁
　　set about(doing) sth.　着手(干)某事
　　set out to do sth.　开始干某事
　　set off　动身，出发；引发；引爆
　　set out　动身，出发；陈述；着手(to do sth.)
　　set to(sth.)　开始认真着手干某事
　　set up　竖起，创设，开办，建立
　　be set in　以……为背景
　　put down　放下；记下
　　write down　记下
　　note down　记下
　　get down　记下
　　即境活用
　　单项填空
　　①having made the decision, we ________ to perform the experiment.
　　a．set about　　　　　　　　b．set out
　　c．set to d．set off
　　②einstein liked bose＂s paper so much that he ________ his own work and translated it into german.
　　a．gave off b．turned down
　　c．took over d．set aside
　　③________ the interests of all his employees, he decided to go on with his so­called reform.
　　a．setting off b．setting back
　　c．setting out d．setting aside
　　答案：①b　②d　③d
　　5．a series of一连串的；一系列；一套
　　用法拓展
　　a series of accidents　一连串的事故
　　a series of stamps　一套邮票
　　the world series　世界联赛
　　a tv/radio series　电视/广播系列节目
　　the incident caused a series of events that nobody had foreseen.
　　那一事件引发了一连串谁都没有预料到的事情。
　　特别提示
　　series单复数相同，a series of 复数名词作主语时，应遵循语法一致原则，即应使用单数谓语。此外，a pair of, a kind/sort/type of, a set of等后跟复数名词作主语时，也使用单数谓语。
　　即境活用
　　完成句子
　　①that set of four records, offered for a limited time only, ________(be)available exclusively in the stores mentioned.
　　②a large collection of contemporary photographs, including some taken by henry, ________(is/are)on display at the museum.
　　③the kind of books an author writes ________(depends/depend)on the kind of man he is.
　　④series of articles on the nature of modern society ________(is/are)going to be printed next month.
　　答案：①is　②is　③depends　④are
　　6．on purpose故意地
　　用法拓展
　　for the purposes of　为了……，出于……的目的
　　to good/little (no) purpose　作用很大/徒劳地
　　for practical purposes　事实上，实际上
　　by design　故意的
　　by accident/chance　偶然地，无意地
　　by coincidence　巧合地，偶然地
　　his talents have been employed to good purpose.
　　他的才能很好地得到了利用。
　　即境活用
　　介词填空
　　①—did he do it accidentally?
　　—no, ________ purpose.
　　②________ all practical purposes the company has already closed down.
　　③________ the purposes of attracting more tourists, more effective measures have been taken.
　　④it didn＂t occur ________ coincidence; all that happened ________ design.
　　单项填空
　　⑤our holiday had served its ________； we both felt thoroughly relaxed.
　　a．demand　　b．purpose
　　c．end d．result
　　答案：①on　②for　③for　④by; by　⑤b
　　7．get along with与……相处；进展
　　用法拓展
　　get along with sb.＂同某人相处＂，在get along后可以加副词，表示相处得如何。
　　get along with sth.某事进展/进行
　　①i can＂t get along with him. he likes to make fun of me.
　　我不能与他相处。他喜欢嘲笑我。
　　②the project is getting along much better now.
　　这项工程现在进展好多了。
　　用法拓展
　　get about/around(消息)传开
　　get...across讲清楚；(使)被领会
　　get away from离开；脱身
　　get...back收回，找回
　　get...down记下来；使悲伤，使沮丧
　　get down to认真做，开始着手做
　　get in到达；收割
　　get on上车/船/飞机等；继续进行；相处
　　get over克服，摆脱
　　get rid of消灭，摆脱，除掉
　　get together聚会，联欢
　　①a rumor got around that she was ill in hospital.
　　有谣言说她患病住院了。
　　②your meaning didn＂t really get across.
　　你的意思未必真正被别人理解。
　　③it＂s time i got down to thinking about that essay.
　　我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。
　　④i think the problem can be got over without too much difficulty.
　　我认为这个问题不太难解决。
　　即境活用
　　单项填空
　　①i don＂t think your speech ________ to the crowd, for they appeared quite puzzled.
　　a．got back　　　　　　　　b．got away
　　c．got through d．got across
　　②the final examination is coming up soon. it＂s time for us to ________ our studies.
　　a．get down to b．get out
　　c．get back for d．get over
　　答案：①d　②a
　　重点句式
　　1.while walking the dog，you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
　　在遛狗时，你不小心让狗挣脱了绳子，结果狗被车撞了。
　　用法拓展
　　while walking the dog while you were walking the dog.当while，when，before，after等引导的时间、条件、让步状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致，而且从句中谓语动词又含有be的某种形式时，可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。如：
　　while you are walking across the roads( while walking across the roads)，you are never too careful enough.
　　当你穿越马路时，你越小心越好。
　　即境活用
　　改写句子
　　①when he was walking in the street，he came across one of his friends.
　　________________________________________________________________________
　　②though i am tired，i believe running does us a lot of good.
　　________________________________________________________________________
　　③he never speaks to others unless spoken to.
　　________________________________________________________________________
　　答案：①when walking in the street，he came across one of his friends.
　　②though tired，i believe running does us a lot of good.
　　③he never speaks to others unless he is spoken to.
　　2．...but your friend can＂t go until he/she finishes cleaning his/her bicycle...
　　但是直到你的朋友清洗完他(她)的自行车他(她)才能去。
　　用法拓展
　　until直到……为止，not until直到……才。肯定形式表示的意思是＂做某事直至某时＂，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是＂直至某时才做某事＂。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。
　　①i slept until midnight.
　　我一直睡到半夜才醒了。
　　(在肯定句中可用before代替。let＂s get in the wheat before the sun sets.)
　　②don＂t get off the bus until it has stopped.
　　公共汽车停稳后再下车。
　　③i didn＂t manage to do it until you had explained how.
　　直到你教我后，我才会做。
　　特别提示
　　(1)not until...在句首，主句用倒装。
　　①not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
　　直到19世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。
　　②not until i began to work did i realize how much time i had wasted.
　　直到我开始工作，我才意识到了我已蹉跎了多少岁月。
　　(2)it is not until...that...是一个强调结构。
　　it is not until he comes back that i will leave.
　　直到他回来我才会离开。
　　(3)until when疑问句中，until要放在句首。
　　—until when are you staying？你呆到什么时候？
　　—until next monday.呆到下周一。
　　即境活用
　　翻译句子
　　直到他的父亲睡着他才敢回家。
　　①强调句________________________________________________________________________
　　②倒装句________________________________________________________________________
　　答案：①it was not until his father had fallen asleep that he dared to go home.
　　②not until his father had fallen asleep did he dare to go home.
　　3．i wonder if it＂s because i haven＂t been able to be outdoors for so long that i＂ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.
　　我不知道是不是因为自己长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
　　用法拓展
　　此句中的it＂s...that是强调句型。
　　(1)强调句型的基本结构：强调句型＂it is/was 被强调的成分 that/who 其他成分＂用来强调主语、宾语和状语等成分。that只起连接作用，不作成分，但不能省略。当被强调部分为人作主语时可用who，也可用that，其他情况一律用that。强调主语时，that后的谓语动词必须与被强调的主语人称和数保持一致。
　　(2)特殊句式中的强调句型：
　　①如果强调的是特殊疑问句中的疑问词，表示＂到底，究竟＂等语气时，就用如下结构：
　　＂特殊疑问词 is/was it that/who 该句的其余部分＂，that/who后只能使用陈述语序。
　　②在强调＂not...until＂结构中由until所引导的短语(或从句)作时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：＂it is/was not until... that 该句的其余部分＂，that所引导的从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。
　　(3)强调句型要注意和it指代时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。判断是否是强调句，可采用＂还原法＂，即把＂it is/was...that/who＂去掉。如果还原为一般句式后，句子各种成分完整，则是强调句，否则不是。
　　①it is i that/who am going for a holiday with mary.
　　是我跟玛丽一块儿去度假。
　　②how was it that you missed such a fine lecture?
　　你怎么错过了这么精彩的演讲呢？
　　③it was not until he took off his dark glasses that i realized he was a famous film star.
　　直到他摘下墨镜我才认出他是著名的影星。
　　④it was in his town that he was brought up.
　　他是在镇上被养大的。
　　⑤it was this town where/in which he was brought up.
　　这是他被抚养长大的城镇。(定语从句)
　　即境活用
　　单项填空
　　①it is in that poor village, ________ mary lived and worked 15 years ago, ________ she will build her first school, which inspires everyone to help her.
　　a．where; when　　　　　　　　b．that; that
　　c．that; when d．where; that
　　②________ she is not so healthy ________ she used to be?
　　a．why is it that; as
　　b．why is it that; what
　　c．is it why; that
　　d．why it is that; as
　　答案：①d　②a
　　4．i can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.
　　我记得很清楚，以前(有那么一段时间)，湛蓝的天空，鸟儿的歌唱，月光和鲜花，从未使我心迷神往过。
　　用法拓展
　　there was a time when...以前有那么一段时间……；when引导定语从句，修饰先行词a time。
　　there was a time when my father worked in boston and came home only on weekends.
　　曾经有那么一段时间，我父亲在波士顿工作，只在周末回家。
　　time后跟从句的常用结构：
　　at the time you are working在你工作的时间
　　by the time we reached home到我们回到家的时候
　　last time i was there我上次在那儿的时候
　　every time i saw her每次我见到她
　　it＂s time that...到了……的时候，that从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气。
　　①it＂s time we were going.我们该走了。
　　②it＂s high time we took action.真到了我们该采取行动的时候了。
　　即境活用
　　翻译句子
　　我们该上学了。
　　________________________________________________________________________
　　答案：it＂s time we went to school./it＂s time for us to go to school.
　　5．the dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power; it was the first time in a year and a half that i＂d seen the night face to face...
　　漆黑的夜晚，风吹雨打，雷电交加，我全然被这种力量镇住了。这是我一年半来第一次目睹这样的夜晚……
　　用法拓展
　　it was the first time that...这是第一次……
　　这个句型中，it可以换为this, that; was可以换为is, will be; first可以换为second, third...last；从句谓语动词应用现在完成时或过去完成时。
　　①it was the first time i had been in a plane.
　　那是我第一次坐飞机。
　　②this is the fourth time she has rung you this week.
　　这是本周内她第四次给你打电话。
　　③it will be the first time that i have been abroad.
　　这将是我第一次在国外。
　　用法拓展
　　the first time＂第一次＂，用作连词，后接时间状语从句。
　　for the first time＂第一次＂，用作介词短语，单独作状语，不接从句。
　　it is time that sb. did sth. it is time for sb. to do sth.某人该做某事了
　　①he left a good impression on me the first time i saw him.
　　第一次见面他就给我留下了好印象。
　　②i come here for the first time.我第一次来这里。
　　③it is time that the government took action.
　　到了政府采取措施的时候了。
　　即境活用
　　单项填空
　　one of them told me，＂this is the first time i ________ to the capital to attend the flag­raising ceremony.＂
　　a．came　　　b．come
　　c．have come d．had come
　　答案：c
　　6．mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.
　　妈妈问她穿这么多衣服是不是很热。
　　用法拓展
　　with so many clothes on为＂with 宾语 副词(宾补)＂结构，在句中作状语或定语。＂with 宾语 宾补＂结构主要有以下几种形式：
　　①with 宾语 adj.
　　he likes sleeping with the window open.
　　他喜欢开着窗子睡觉。
　　②with 宾语 副词
　　he fell asleep with the light off.
　　他睡觉的时候灯关了。
　　③with 宾语 现在分词(表示主动)
　　with so many children talking and laughing，the teacher can＂t go on with his lessons.
　　这么多孩子又说又笑，老师不能继续上课。
　　④with 宾语 过去分词(表示被动)
　　the boy went out to play with his homework unfinished.
　　作业没完成，男孩就出去玩了。
　　⑤with 宾语 不定式(侧重于将来，侧重于原因)
　　with a nurse to look after his sick mother，he was able to go to work.
　　有护士照顾他生病的母亲，所以他就能上班了。
　　⑥with 宾语 介词短语
　　miss gao came into the classroom with a book in her hand.
　　高老师手拿一本书进了教室。
　　即境活用
　　完成句子
　　①那个男孩站在那里，低着头。
　　the boy stood there，________ ________ ________ ________.
　　②有些书要买，他去了书店。
　　________ ________ ________ ________ ________，he went to the bookstore.
　　③我住在那个亮着灯的房间里。
　　i live in the room________ ________ ________ ________.
　　答案：①with his head down　②with some books to buy　③with the light on
　　7．although i try to talk to my classmates, i still find it hard to make good friends with them.
　　虽然我试着去跟班上的同学交谈，但我还是发现很难跟他们成为好朋友。
　　用法拓展
　　本句中it为形式宾语，不定式短语to make good friends with them作真正的宾语。当不定式或that从句作find的宾语而且后面带有宾语补足语时，一般用it作形式宾语，把真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面。有这种用法的词除了find外，还有think, make, leave, consider等。
　　①you may find it hard to accept your illness.
　　你可能觉得难以接受自己患病。
　　②i have made it clear that nobody is allowed to smoke here.
　　我已经讲得很清楚，任何人不准在这儿吸烟。
　　③i think it best that you should stay here.
　　我想你最好待在这里。
　　④i leave it to you to judge.
　　我把它留给你作判断。
　　find后面常跟复合宾语，其宾语补足语多为形容词、非谓语动词、名词、介词短语等，构成＂find 宾语 宾语补足语＂结构。即：find sb./sth. adj./p. p．/n./to do/doing/prep.­phrase。
　　①the child was finally found safe and sound.
　　小孩最终被找到了，安全无恙。
　　②i didn＂t expect to come home and find him gone.
　　我没料到回到家却发现他已经走了。
　　③i suddenly found myself running down the street.
　　我发现自己突然在街上跑了起来。
　　④she woke up and found herself in a hospital bed.
　　她醒来发现自己躺在医院的床上。
　　即境活用
　　单项填空
　　the chairman thought ________ necessary to invite professor smith to speak at the meeting.
　　a．that　b．it
　　c．this d．him
　　答案：b
　　8．...sadly...i＂m only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.
　　……很难过……我只能透过悬挂在沾满灰尘的窗前的脏兮兮的窗帘观看大自然。
　　用法拓展
　　sadly副词放句首，修饰全句，作状语。例如：
　　sadly he failed in the important exam.
　　非常遗憾的是他未通过这次重要考试。
　　happily for all chinese, the olympic games has been held successfully in beijing in XX.
　　令我们中国人高兴的是，XX年奥运会已经在北京成功举办。
　　即境活用
　　翻译句子
　　①幸运的是人们已经意识到保护地球的重要性。
　　________________________________________________________________________
　　②非常遗憾的是他未通过这次驾照考试。
　　________________________________________________________________________
　　答案：①fortunately people have realized the importance of protecting our earth.
　　②sadly he failed in the driving test.
　　知 能 层 层 练
　　一、单项填空
　　1．—would you mind moving over one seat so my wife and i can sit together?
　　—________
　　a．never mind.　　　　　　b．not at all.
　　c．no, i wouldn＂t. d．it doesn＂t matter.
　　答案：b
　　2．yesterday we wrote him a letter ________ the business arrangement.
　　a．concern b．concerned
　　c．concerning d．to concern
　　答案：c
　　3．________ the poem a second time, the meaning will become clearer to you.
　　a．you having read b．while reading
　　c．if reading d．when you read
　　答案：d
　　4．it＂s the first time this term that we ________ an examination after class in the afternoon.
　　a．didn＂t have b．aren＂t having
　　c．don＂t have d．haven＂t had
　　答案：d
　　5．it is not who is right but what is right ________ is of importance.
　　a．which b．it
　　c．that d．this
　　答案：c
　　6．he has the habit of ________ useful information while reading.
　　a．getting down b．setting down
　　c．going down d．bringing down
　　答案：b
　　7．filled with great ________， the boy lifted the heavy stone onto his shoulder.
　　a．power b．energy
　　c．strength d．force
　　答案：c
　　8．she devoted herself ________ to her research and it earned her a good reputation in her field.
　　a．strongly b．extremely
　　c．entirely d．freely
　　答案：c
　　9．once telling him the truth, ________.
　　a．he will be nervous all the time
　　b．he will find himself nervous all the time
　　c．you will find him nervous all the time
　　d．everyone will find him nervous all the time
　　答案：c
　　10．he came back home very late last night. ________， at 2 00 this morning.
　　a．to be honest
　　b．to be exact
　　c．to tell the truth
　　d．to be sorry
　　答案：b
　　二、选用方框内所给短语的适当形式完成下列句子。
　　1．dewey has been in hospital for several weeks ________ a bad back.
　　2．every time i ________ these figures, i get a different answer.
　　3．why not ________ the game? you＂ll surely have fun with us.
　　4．if you feel nervous, take a deep breath and it will help you ________.
　　5．the whole society should ________ the health and sound growth of children.
　　6．she came ________ with the professor as he walked into the lecture hall.
　　7．he liked the way mary smiled and ________ with her almost immediately.
　　8．you＂d better ________ his address and telephone number in case you forget them.
　　答案：1.suffering from　2.add up　3.join in　4.calm down
　　5．be concerned about　6.face to face　7.fell in love
　　8．set down
　　写 作 点 点 金
　　写作专题指导一　记叙文
　　技巧点拨
　　【记叙文的特点】
　　记叙文又称叙述文，它是以记人叙事为主要内容，以叙述为主要表达方式的文体，它要求把人物的经历、行为或事情发生的经过叙述出来。介绍人物的生平事迹，这是记人；记叙事情的发生、发展和前因后果，这是记事。但是记人和记事常常是不能截然分开的。因此，同一篇记叙文常常是既记人又叙事。记叙文包括故事、新闻报道、传记、游记、成语故事或寓言等。此类试题可以以多种形式出现，如材料作文、看图作文以及情景作文等等。
　　【记叙文的写作方法】
　　1．记叙文六要素的交代
　　写记叙文时，特别要注意交代清楚六要素——时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因(why)和结果(how)。还应注意文章的相对完整性，即包括故事的开端、发展、高潮和结局。一般说来，人物、时间和地点通常作为故事的开端放在文章的开头；事件与原因通常作为故事的发展放在文章的中间，这是文章的主体；结果通常作为故事的结局放在文章的最后。
　　2．记叙文的线索与顺序
　　记叙文无论是记人还是叙事，总有一条线索贯穿文章的始终。这条线索可能以记人为主，即按人物活动的先后顺序来写；也可能以叙事为主，即按事件发生发展的过程来写。
　　记叙文的顺序是指文章的结构层次，也就是文章先写什么后写什么，以使写出来的文章脉络清楚。最常用的叙述方法有三种：顺叙、倒叙和插叙。顺叙是指按照事件的发生、发展的先后顺序进行叙述；倒叙是指把事件的结局或事件中最突出的片断提到文章的开头来叙述，然后再按事件的发展顺序进行叙述；插叙是指从故事或事件中间开始叙述。
　　3．记叙文时态的确定
　　正确把握记叙文表达中的时态，关键问题是根据提示确定＂时间立足点＂：现在、过去、将来。围绕这三个立足点，根据行为、状态的情况采用一般时、进行时、完成时等相应的时态，从而构成一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、一般将来时、将来进行时、将来完成时等常用的主要时态形式。
　　在表现事件、行为之间的时间先后关系时，可以用一般时态为基点，瞻前顾后，采用相应的时态。例如，报道、日记、故事之类的文章，通常是记叙过去发生的事情，因此，＂时间立足点＂常用一般过去时，以此为基点，＂瞻前＂是过去完成时，＂顾后＂是过去将来时。叙述当前的经常性事件或自然、社会现象时，通常用一般现在时为立足点，＂瞻前＂视其影响用一般过去时或现在完成时，＂顾后＂则是一般现在时。以＂一般将来时＂为立足点的文字，多是以预测性、计划性的行为作为中心事件。当然有些记叙文内容较多，时间跨度大，谓语时态的形式也必然随之多变。但不管怎样，在下笔之前，纵观全局，确定好有关要点的时间立足点，再由此拓展下去，就不难引出各种相应的其他时态形式。
　　4．记叙文人称的把握
　　记叙文通常用第一人称或第三人称来叙述。故事可以用第一人称叙述，也可以用第三人称叙述，二者各有利弊。第一人称的叙述使读者感到文章所描述的一切都是作者亲眼所见或亲身经历的，因此读起来更加真实生动。但是，这种叙述难以反映在同一时间内不同地点发生的事情。第三人称叙述就没有这一局限性，同时还可能更加客观，不过，妥善地编排在不同地点、不同人物身上发生的事情也不是一件容易的事。
　　5．记叙文细节的选择与详略
　　写记叙文时应该选用与内容相关或能表现主要观点的细节，而不能眉毛胡须一把抓，使读者如坠云雾，不知所云。叙事要根据文章中心的需要来确定详略，对最能表达中心的内容要详写，其他的则略写。作者应把叙事的重点放在主要细节上，对其他细节则一笔带过，以使文章和谐匀称、主题突出。
　　示范训练
　　根据下表写一篇关于bill gates的文章。
　　a personal history of bill gates
　　1955年出生于一个富有的家庭
　　1968年开始同计算机打交道，不久对编程产生兴趣
　　1972年把第一个计算机程序卖给学校，赚取us $4 200
　　1980年为ibm提供新的个人电脑软件
　　1987年成为世界上最年轻的亿万富翁
　　1994年结婚，所以午夜前离开办公室
　　1998年因计算机软件成为世界上最富有的人，有个人资产 us $500亿
　　XX年退休之后裸捐
　　范例
　　bill gates, who was born into a wealthy family in 1955, became the richest person in the world in 1998. he has a personal fortune of over us $50 billion. he increased his wealth through computer software.
　　bill gates has worked with computers since he was 13 years old. he soon developed an interest in programming. by the time he was 17, he had sold his first computer program to his school and earned us $4, 200. in 1980, gates went into business with ibm computers. he provided ibm with software for their new personal computer. in 1987, he became the world＂s youngest billionaire.
　　bill gates works very hard, but he leaves his office before midnight because he got married in 1994.
　　in XX, bill gates announced to the media plan to donate all his money to charity after his retirement.