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2020年高考英语二轮专题复习4动词和短语动词

  【专题四】动词和短语动词
  【考点分析】
  1.系动词的比较;
  2.动词和短语动词的习惯用法和意义辨析(高考的重中之重)。
  【知识点归纳】
  说明:本专题辅导不涉及动词的时态、语态、语气、非谓语动词以及情态动词等语法内容(这部分请看后面的专题辅导五、六、七)。
  动词和动词短语是英语中最灵活、最难掌握的词之一,在历年高考题中所占比例也最大,设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。主要出现在单项选择及完形填空中。要求考生构建以下比较完整的知识网络。
  i.动词的分类
  根据意义和句法作用,英语动词可分为四类:
  1.行为动词(实义动词)
  ①及物动词:带宾语的动词
  ②不及物动词:不带宾语的动词
  注意:英语里及物动词和不及物动词不是截然分开的,有的动词既可以是及物动词也可以是不及物动词。
  it is important for you to learn how to learn.
  第一个learn是及物动词,后面有宾语how to learn;第二个learn是不及物动词。
  不及物动词向及物动词转化需要借助于介词、副词等构成短语动词。
  he is working hard at english.
  ③状态动词(相对静止):contain, exist, own, prefer, belong
  ④动作动词:延续性(work, stay);非延续性(marry, go, come)
  2.系动词
  ①表示人或事物的特征和状态:be, feel, look, seem, taste, appear, sound
  ②表示状态的变化:turn, go, become, get, fall, grow
  ③表示某种状态的延续或持续:remain, keep, stay
  注意:绝大多数连系动词又是实义动词,在解题时要正确区分,否则就会出错。
  请看下列这道选择题:
  good,the food has been sold out.
  a.tasted b.having been tasted c.tasting d.to taste
  本题考生如果把taste当成实义动词去理解的话,就会误选a或b。其实taste在本句中是连系动
  词,应该选c才对=because the food tastes good,…
  3.助动词(与动词原形或分词构成复合谓语):be(am,is,are),do(does,did);have(has);will,would,shall
  4.情态动词:can(could),may(might),must,shall(should)等等
  ii.短语动词常见的构成方式及其注意点
  1.动词+副词所构成的短语动词分及物的和不及物的两类
  please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。(及物)
  harry turned up after the party when everyone had left.
  晚会后,人们都已离去,哈里出现了。(不及物)
  注意:①如果宾语较长,就应避免把副词同动词分开
  she turned off all the lights which had been left on. 她关掉了所有还在亮着的灯。
  ②如果宾语是人称代词,只能放在动词和副词之间。
  she gave them away.她送掉了它们。
  ③同一动词和不同副词搭配时,意义上有很大的差异。
  ring back回电话, ring off挂断电话, ring up打电话
  put away放好, put on穿,上演, put up挂起,举起。
  ④不同动词和同一副词搭配时,在意义上有很大的差异。
  break out发生,爆炸 carry out进行,开展 go out熄灭 break down出毛病hand out分发 let out放出 look out当心 sell out卖完
  set out出发 take out取出 work out算出 come down落下来
  get down下车 take down取下 write down写下
  2.动词+介词(及物)
  i"m looking for my glasses.我在找我的眼镜。
  注意:①当它跟宾语时,不能把介词放在宾语后面。
  ②同一动词和不同介词搭配时,意义上有很大的差异。
  look after照料,look at看,look for寻找
  3.动词+副词+介词
  i look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就见到你。
  注意:"动词+介词"、"动词+名词+副词"、"动词+副词+介词",这三种搭配都是及物的,如变成被动语态,不可漏掉介词。
  in this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉after)
  这样一来,粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。
  iii.动词及短语动词词义辨析
  动词及短语动词是各类考试的重点,高考试题中,单项填空、完形填空等题型中,动词及短语动词辨义的比重较大,并逐年增加。动词及短语动词辨义主要指:
  1.形似动词及短语动词之间的辨析;
  2.意似动词及短语动词之间的辨析;
  3.动词及短语动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词和短语之间的辨析;
  4.意义不同,但容易混淆的动词及短语动词的辨析。
  5.某些常用动词及短语动词习惯用法的辨析。
  动词及短语动词词义辨析要靠考生的日积月累,考生才能在高考中应付自如。
  iv.动词和短语动词的常见辨析方法
  (一)从语法搭配、习惯用法上进行辨析
  1.宾语不同,意义也不同
  go on doing(继续干同一件事) go on to do(接着去干另一件事)
  regret doing(后悔干了某事) regret to do(相当于be sorry to do)
  forget doing (忘记已做过的事) forget to do(忘记要去干的事)
  remember doing(记得已做过的事) remember to do(记住要去干的事)
  mean doing(意味着干) mean to do(想干…)
  try doing(尝试做) try to do(设法做)
  consider doing(考虑去做) consider to be/have done(认为是/认为已经做了)
  2.接宾语或宾补(主补),形式有不同
  某些动词如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词,但接宾补(主
  补)时,宾补(主补)要用不定式。
  we forbid smoking here.(宾语,用动名词)
  we forbid you to smoke here.(宾补,用动词不定式)
  you are forbidden to smoke here.(主补,用动词不定式)
  3.宾语形式不同,意义相同
  有些词如need,require,want,deserve等后可接不定式(要用被动形式),可接动名词(要用主动形式表
  被动意义),两种形式意义相同。
  the room requires to be cleaned.=the room requires cleaning
  4.主动形式表示"被动"意义的动词
  有些动词sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull, clean,add,cook等,它们的主语是事物,且又是表示主语的固有特征和状态,与行为方式状语连用时,要用主动形式表被动意义:
  my pen writes smoothly.我的笔好写。
  oil burns easily.油易燃烧。
  5.意义上基本相同,但是在用法上﹑习惯搭配上有不同之处的词
  buy/cost/pay/spend/take都可以指花钱买东西;spend/take都可指花时间;但是它们在用法、习惯搭配上
  有较大的区别。
  the watch cost him thirty-six thousand francs.
  he spent thirty-six thousand francs on the watch/ (in) buying the watch.
  it took him thirty six thousand francs to buy the watch.
  he paid thirty-six thousand francs for the watch.
  he bought the watch for thirty-six thousand francs.
  以上句子所表达的意思基本相同:他花了36,000法郎买了这只手表。
  (二)从组成形式和它们的恰切含义上辨析
  词汇间的微小差别对我们来说既是重点又是难点。要从词义的内涵和外延上进行辨析。
  1.以构成形式为突破口进行辨析
  如有无介词for,意义不同:answer(回答)/answer for(对……负责、偿还)
  常见的还有:
  search(对人、物或场所搜查)/search for(搜寻人、物或场所)
  leave(离开某地)/leave for(去某地) reach(到达;拿到)/reach for(伸手去拿)
  prepare(准备)/prepare for(为…作准备) enter(进入)/enter for(报名参加)
  run(经营;跑)/run for(竞选) stand(站;忍受)/stand for(代表)
  pay(付钱、债给某人)/pay for(付钱买某物)
  2.以意义为突破口进行辨析
  ①意义内涵不同型:几个词它们的内在含义不尽相同。
  defend, protect, guard 都与 "保护"有关。
  defend 指采用办法消除存在的危险或击退正在进行的攻击。
  protect 指使用某种遮盖或外力,外物防御可能的伤害或毁坏。
  guard 指小心警惕,防止实际存在的或可能发生的危险。
  they raised a large army to defend the country.
  他们招募了一支庞大的军队来保卫这个国家的安全。
  the entrance to the palace were well guarded.
  进宫殿的入口处门卫把守得很严。
  clothing is worn to protect us from cold.
  穿衣服是为了御寒。
  ②动作结果不同型:动作动词和结果动词: 英语中有些动词虽然意义相同,但用法不同,有的表示某个动作,而另一个则表示该动作所产生的结果。
  advise(劝说)/persuade(劝服)
  i advised him but i couldn’t persuade him. 我劝过他,但未能劝服他。
  这类常见的动词还有:
  look for(寻找)/find(找到)
  look(看)/see(看见)
  listen(听)/hear(听到)
  try(试 图,不说明是否成功)/manage(设法,侧重做到)
  ③动作状态不同型:begin(开映:动作非延续性)/be on(开映:状态延续性)
  the film began at 5 o’clock and has been on for half an hour.电影5点开映,已开映半小时了。
  ④客观主观不同型:receive(客观上:收到)/accept(主观上:受到)
  i received her present but i didn’t accept it.我收到了她的礼物,但没有接受。
  ⑤直接间接不同型:hear(直接:听)/hear of(间接:听说)
  i heard him singing. 我听到她在唱歌。
  i have heard of him.我听说过他的有关情况。
  v.重点所要背诵的短语动词
  根据笔者对XX-XX四年全国及各省市高考单项选择题中考查所涉及到的短语动词的统计(见文后的附录),我们建议考生XX复习迎接高考中重点所要背诵的短语动词如下(仅供参考):
  1.以a开头的动词为中心的词组
  accuse…of…(=charge… with)控告/指控某人犯有……罪
  add to 增添
  add up 加起来
  add up to 加起来达……,合计达……
  adapt…to使……适应
  adjust…to使……适应
  agree with同意某人意见(接sb.或idea, view等);适应;与……一致
  agree to (one’s plan/ proposal) 同意某人的计划或提议
  answer for对……负责
  apply for申请,请求
  appeal for恳求,呼吁
  attach…to…将……系在…..,使隶属/附属于……,将……缚在……
  approve of赞成
  apologize to sb for sth因……向某人道歉
  be absorbed in埋头于……,专心于……
  be accustomed to(=get used to=be used to)习惯于……
  be addicted to沉迷于/沉溺于……,迷恋……
  be admitted to/into获准进入……,被……录取
  be annoyed with sb. at/about sth
  2.以break为中心的词组
  break away from脱离,逃离,打破
  break down vt.破坏,粉碎,瓦解;vi.出故障,抛锚;衰弱
  break in闯进,打断;使顺服
  break into闯入;强行进入;突然开始
  break out爆发,发生;准备使用;起锚
  break off 打断,断绝,折断,突然终止
  break through 突破,克服,挤过去
  break up vt.开垦,破碎;解散,分解;vi.结束
  3.以build为中心的词组
  build on / upon 建立在…上,依赖,指望
  build up 增加,增进,建成,振兴
  4.以burst为中心的词组
  burst forth 爆发,喷出,忽然出现
  burst in 闯进,突然出现
  burst into闯进,突然……起来,突然发出
  burst into tears/laughter嚎啕大哭/放声大笑
  burst out 迸发,爆发,突然发出,大声叫喊
  burst out crying / laughing嚎啕大哭/放声大笑
  5.以 bring为中心的词组
  bring about导致,引起,促使
  bring back 带回,使回忆,使恢复
  bring down 使下降,浓缩,收缩,击落
  bring forth开(花),结(果),发表,提出
  bring forward 提出
  bring into action 使行动起来,使生效
  bring into effect/practice 完成,实现,实施,
  bring out 拿出,公布,发表,出版,生产
  bring through 治愈,使度过困难/危险时期
  bring to mind 使想起,回忆起
  bring up 抚养,养育,培养,使停止
  6.以call为中心的词组
  call at 访问(某地),停泊在
  call away 叫走,把(注意力)转移开
  call for 需要,要求,接(某人),
  call in 召集,收集,请入,引入
  call off 取消,下令停止
  call on 拜访(某人),号召
  call out 大声喊,唤起
  call up 打电话给…; 召集; 使想起
  7.以carry为中心的词组
  carry about 随身携带
  carry away 冲走,带走,冲昏某人头脑
  carry back 拿回,运回,使想起
  carry……into effect/practice 执行,实行,实现,完成
  carry off 带走,夺去……的生命,获得(奖品)
  carry on 坚持,继续,进行
  carry out 贯彻,执行,实施,完成
  carry through 坚持到底,贯彻,完成
  8.以catch为中心的词组
  be caught doing被发现做某事
  be caught in the rain淋雨
  catch /take fire 着火
  be caught in the traffic遭遇交通阻塞
  catch one’sword听懂某人的话
  catch sight of发现,瞥见
  catch sb’s attention引起某人注意
  catch the point of 抓住…的要点
  9.以clear为中心的词组
  clear away 扫除,消除
  clear off 清除,清理,(云雾)消散,(雨)停
  clear out 清除,扫出
  clear up(天)变晴;打扫,消除
  10..以come为中心的词组
  come aboutvi.发生,改变方向
  come across偶尔发现,想起;越过;偿付
  come at达到,求得,得到;扑向,袭击
  come back回来;恢复,复原
  come down倒下;降落;跌落;病倒
  come into being发生,产生,出现,形成
  come into power开始执政,当权,当选
  come into effect/ force开始生效,开始实行
  come into existence形成,产生,开始存在
  come into fashion开始流行
  come into operation开始运转,实施,生效
  come into use开始使用,获得应用
  come round/around 拜访,绕道
  come to苏醒,复原,共计,达到,归结于,渐渐,说到/提及到
  come to an agreement 达成协议
  come to a conclusion 得出结论
  come to a decision 作出决定
  come to an end终止,结束
  come to a stop 结束,停止,停顿,
  come to an understanding 取得谅解
  when it comes to…就…而论,谈到
  come to know/realize/understand开始了解到/意识到/明白
  come to life 苏醒,栩栩如生
  come to light 明朗化,出现,显露出来
  come to oneself苏醒
  come true实现,成为现实;证实
  come up走近;上楼;流行起来;发芽,上来;(问题)被提出;(风浪)猛烈起来
  11.以compare为中心的词组
  be compared to 被比作,与…相比
  be compared with与…相比
  beyond /without compare 无可比拟的,无法比较的
  compare notes with和…交换意见/核对笔记
  compare …to…把..比作,把…与…相比
  compare …with…把…与…相比
  12.以devote为中心的词组
  be devoted to 贡献给,致力于
  devote one’s attention to 专心于
  devote oneself/one’s life to 献身于,致力于
  devote to献身于,专心于
  13.以pide为中心的词组
  be pided by…被…除
  be pided on…对于…有分歧
  pide sth. among / between…在…之间分配
  pide a from b 把a同b分开
  pide…into… 把…分成
  pide up 分割,瓜分,划分,分配
  14.以die为中心的词组
  die away渐熄(减弱,消失) 侧重于减弱直至"消失"(尤其指声音,光,风)
  die down渐渐消失,平息(尤其指火势,大海,脾气)
  die of 死于(疾病、饥饿、寒冷、情感等内因)
  die from 死于(灾害、事故等外因)
  die off死去
  die out 灭绝,消失,熄灭
  15.以do为中心的词组
  do a good deed做一件好事
  do the deed 付诸行动,生效
  do away with去掉,废除;弄死;浪费
  do /cause damage to 损害
  do good to (=do sb. good)有益于
  do harm to (=do sb. harm)有害于
  do wrong to (=do sb. wrong)冤枉某人
  do one’s best / utmost尽某人最大努力
  do sb. a favor /do a favor for sb. 帮助某人
  do up 捆,扎,系,扣,收拾,刷新
  do with忍受,处理(对比:deal with)
  do without不需要…也行,不用
  16.以 drive为中心的词组
  drive away vi.开车走掉 vt.赶走,驱赶
  drive off 驱散
  drive out 逐出,乘车出去
  drive through 乘车穿过(街道等)
  drive sb.mad 使某人发疯
  17.以fall为中心的词组
  fall ill /asleep /silent 生病/睡着/沉默
  fall back撤退,后退
  fall behind 落后,落伍,落在后面
  fall down 倒下,落下,掉下,病倒,失败
  fall in love with…爱上(某人)
  fall into a habit of 养成…习惯
  fall off 掉下,衰退,减少
  fall to pieces 破碎,崩溃,瓦解
  fall into ruins 成为废墟
  18.以fix为中心的词组
  fix a date / time for…为……安排日期/时间
  fix up 修理,安装,安排,建造,提供
  fix on / upon 确定,决定
  fix one’s eyes on/upon 注视,凝视
  fix one’s attention on/upon专心于,把注意力集中在
  19.以get为中心的词组
  get about徘徊,走动,旅行;流传
  get accustomed to习惯于,对……习以为常
  get across度过,通过,横过;说服,使被理解
  get ahead of胜过,超过
  get along前进,进步;同意;离去,相处
  get along with与……相处
  get around 走动,传播,影响,说服
  get away离开,逃脱,出发,开始度假
  get back取回,回来;报复
  get close to 接近,靠近
  get down to认真对待,静下心来
  get/catch/seize/take hold of获得,取得,抓住
  get in touch with…与…取得联系
  get into/out of debt 欠债/不欠债
  get off送走;脱下(衣服);下车;动身
  get over越过;恢复,痊愈;克服;完成
  get rid of除去,去掉;免除,摆脱
  get through拨通,到达,完成,通过;及格
  get together 积聚,积累;商谈,取得一致意见
  20.以give为中心的词组
  give away赠送;牺牲;泄露;颁发
  give back归还,反射
  give forth发出,放出;发表
  give in屈服,让步,投降
  give off发出(烟,气味)
  give out vt.分发,公布,发出,使筋疲力尽 vi.用完
  give rise to引起,导致;使~~发生
  give up放弃;停止
  give way to让步,退却;屈服于
  given that…假定,给定,已知
  21.以go为中心的词组
  go about走来走去,(谣言等)流传
  go across 度过,越过
  go after 追逐,追求,跟随
  go against 反对,不利于
  go ahead 前进,进展,继续
  go all about 鼓足干劲,全力以赴
  go along with… 陪伴,和…一道走
  go back to 追溯至
  go bad 变坏,腐败
  go beyond 超过,胜过
  go by 经过,过去
  go down 下降,沉没,垮台,(风等)平静
  go for 支持,赞成,适用于,去(取,拿)
  go in for 喜欢,参加,赞成,从事, 为…而努力
  go into 进入,参加,调查,从事,深入研究
  go off 走开,爆炸
  go on 继续,接下去
  go on to do 接着做(另一件事)
  go on doing 继续做(同一件事)
  go on with…继续做,忍受
  go out 出去,熄灭,离开,下台,退休
  go over 温习,检查,越过
  go through 审查,履行,通过,经历,忍受
  go up 上升,上涨,攀登
  go without 无需,没有…也行
  go wrong 出故障,走错路
  22.以hold为中心的词组
  hold back 隐瞒,阻止,克制,扣留
  hold to / by 坚持,固守
  hold down 压制,压低,缩减
  hold off 耽搁,不接近,离开
  hold out 伸出,提出,支持,主张
  hold up 举起,竖起,支持,使停滞
  hold with 和…意见一致,赞成
  23.以keep为中心的词组
  keep away (from) 不接近,避开,远离
  keep back 阻止,扣留,隐瞒
  keep company with…和…结交
  keep …from…阻止
  keep in mind 记住
  keep in touch with…与…保持联系/不断接触
  keep off 不接近,远离
  keep on doing 继续,不停地做
  keep one’s balance 保持平衡
  keep out 使…不入内
  keep pace with…跟上,同…步调一致
  keep up 继续,坚持,保持,维持
  keep up with…赶上,跟上 ,与…并肩前进
  keep watch 守望,值班,注意
  24.以lay为中心的词组
  lay aside 把..放在一边,抛弃,贮藏
  lay down 放下,使躺下,放弃,牺牲
  lay off (暂时)解雇,放弃,停止
  lay out 花费,投资,不置,打昏
  25.以leave为中心的词组
  leave about乱放,乱丢
  leave alone 听任,任其自然
  leave…as it is.听其自然
  leave behind 留下,忘记携带
  leave for (离开某地)去某地
  leave out 省去,遗漏,不把…计算在内
  leave off 停止,脱去,戒除
  leave office 离职,下台
  leave over 留下,剩下,延期
  leave room for 为…让出地方
  leave school 毕业
  leave sth, to / with sb把…交给/留给某人.
  leave sb, sth. 把…交给/留给某人
  leave word / a message 留言,留信
  26.以look为中心的词组
  look about四下环顾;查看
  look after照顾,看管
  look around东张西望
  look back on / upon …回顾
  look down on /upon俯视;轻视
  look forward to盼望,期待
  look into窥视;调查;浏览
  look on /upon旁观;面向
  look on / upon …as…把…看作
  look out向外看;注意;当心,提防
  look over从上面看过去;检查,忽略
  look through透过……看去;看穿;浏览,彻底调查
  look to 面向,注意
  look up 查阅,仰视,涨价
  look up to仰望,尊敬
  27.以make为中心的词组
  be made from由……原料制成
  be made (out) of由……材料制成
  be made up of由……组成
  make an appointment with sb.与…约定
  make a difference 有差别,有关系,很重要
  make a fool of愚弄,欺骗
  make a point 阐述观点
  make a point of doing强调;决心,坚持
  make a will 立下遗嘱
  make advantages/use of使用,利用
  make believe假装
  make certain / sure确信,把……弄清楚
  make contact with 接通,与……接触,与……联系
  make for去向,向……前进;有利于
  make oneself at home随便,别拘束
  make oneself understood 让别人理解自己
  make out填写;开支票;理解;辨认
  make preparations for为…作准备
  make the best/ most of尽量利用;极为重视
  make up弥补,修理,赔偿,起草,编造,化装,配制,占…比例
  make up to 接近,巴结;向……求爱
  make way for 为……让路,让路于
  make it 就这么定了,成功,达到某一特定目标, 赶到。
  28.以meet为中心的词组
  meet the need/demand/requirement of满足…需要
  meet with 偶然碰见,遭受,
  meet…by chance/accident偶然碰见
  make ends meet 使收支相抵
  29.以owe为中心的词组
  owe … to…把…归功于,把…归因于,
  owe much to 多亏了,在很大程度上归功于
  owe it to…that…归功于,幸亏
  owe sb. sth. (=owe sth. to sb.)欠某人…
  30.以pass为中心的词组
  pass away 去世,(时间)过去
  pass by 经过,(时间)过去
  pass on/upon 传递,通过
  pass out of one’s mind 被人忘掉
  pass over 忽视,置之不理
  pass through 经历,经过,贯穿
  31.以pick为中心的词组
  pick one’s words精选用词
  pick out 挑出,辨别出
  pick up 接(某人),接收,获得,搭载,收拾,恢复,爬起,捡起,学会,认识
  pick up with…结识,与…交朋友
  32.以put为中心的词组
  put aside 把……放在一边;搁置;排除
  put away 把……放好,把……收拾;储藏;
  put back 把……放回原处;拨回
  put down 放下;镇压;记下;削减;降落
  put an end to 结束,终止,废除
  put forward 提出;拨快;建议,推荐;提倡,
  put in 驶入,进入
  put…(down) in writing 把…写下来
  put …… into把……放入;插入;翻译成
  put…into use应用
  put…into practice把…付诸于实践
  put…into action把…付诸于实践,实施,使生效
  put…into effect把..付诸于实践,实施,使生效
  put…into operation 将…投入生产,实施,开动
  put…into production将…投产,开始生产
  put off 推迟,延期;消除;推脱,脱下
  put on上演,穿上,戴上,增加,拨快(钟表),推荐
  put one’s heart into 全神贯注,专心致志
  put out 熄灭,伸出,拿出,制造,刺杀
  put through 完成,(电话用语)拨通,使穿过
  put up 举起,挂起;提名,推荐;陈列
  put up with 忍受,容忍
  33.以refer 为中心的词组
  refer to 指,提及,参考,查阅
  be referred to 和…有关,归功于,被提交…处理
  refer oneself to…依赖,求助于
  refer to…as…把…称做,认为…是…
  34.以see为中心的词组
  see after 照料,照顾
  see into 识透,调查
  see out 送某人到门口/屋外,
  see off送行
  see through 看透,识破,支持(某人)到底
  see to 照顾,处理,注意
  see to it that…照料,努力使,注意把
  seeing that…因为,鉴于,既然
  35.以send为中心的词组
  send away 解雇,赶走,把…送往远处
  send down 把…向下发送,开除,降低(价格,温度)
  send for 派人去叫/请/拿
  send off 发出,寄出,解雇,送别
  send out 发出,散发,长出(树叶等)
  send up 发射,使上升,向上传递
  send word 通知,转告,捎信
  36以set为中心的词组
  be set in 以……为背景
  set about(doing)着手,开始
  set an example to sb.给某人树立个榜样
  set aside 取消,放在一边,放弃,忽视,拒绝
  set back 把(钟表)往回拨
  set down 放下,卸下,登记,记载
  set fire to (= set…on fire) 放火烧毁
  set free 释放(某人)
  set off vi.出发 vt.使爆炸,拨出(钱等)
  set out vi.出发 vt.开始,着手(to do),布置
  set up 建立,设立,开办,引起(疾病等)
  37.以take为中心的词组
  take a chance / an opportunity碰运气,抓机会
  take a seat就坐
  take a shower淋浴,洗澡
  take advantage of 利用,乘…之便
  take after 仿效,与…相似,长得像
  take aim瞄准,设立目标
  take away拿走,减去;夺去
  take back收回,取消
  take ……by surprise出奇制胜,突袭
  take sb.by surprise 使惊讶
  take care to do 务必做,留心做
  take ……for/as…把……当作
  take charge of负责,主管
  take down 取下,记下,占领,拆毁,病倒
  take effect 生效,起作用
  take … for example 以…为例
  take … for granted 认为…理所当然
  take in 吸收,接纳,欺骗,轻信,领会
  take…into account / consideration 考虑,重视
  take it / things easy 别紧张,从容
  take measures / steps 采取措施
  take off vt.脱去,除去;vi.起飞,起程,成功,成名
  take office就职,上任
  take on 呈现,雇佣,承担,担任
  take one’s place就坐,入坐,代替
  take one’s time(to do) 慢慢做
  take out 拿出,取出,去除,取得(专利权)
  take over 接管,接任,接收
  take possession of 占有,拥有
  take the place of代替
  take the shape of 呈/取……的形状
  take the size of 量…的尺寸
  take pride in以……为荣,对……骄傲
  take…seriously/calmly严肃认真/冷静从容地对待
  take sb. by the arm拉某人的胳膊
  take sb.in one’s arms 拥抱某人
  take turns(to do) 轮流做
  take up for 袒护
  take up with 致力于,忍受,对…发生兴趣
  38.以think为中心的词组
  think about 考虑
  think aloud 自言自语
  think highly / well/much/a lot of对…评价很高
  think little/ill/nothing of 轻视,看不起
  think of 想,想着,想做
  think of …as…把…看作
  think out 仔细考虑,想通
  think over仔细考虑
  think through想通
  think to oneself 沉思,暗自想
  think up 想出,想通,想起
  39.以turn为中心的词组
  turn away把……打发走,解雇,转脸不采,使转变方向
  take one’s turn to do轮到做
  turn a blind eye to对……视而不见
  turn a deaf to对……充耳不闻
  turn against背叛,采取敌对态度
  turn back 折回,往回走
  turn down 折叠,翻下,驳回,拒绝考虑
  turn into 走进;变成,变为
  turn to ……for help 求助于
  turn off 关上,解雇,避开(问题)
  turn on 打开;反对;依靠,依赖,取决于
  turn one’s attention to把注意力转向
  turn out 培养;证明是;制成;实际情况是
  turn out to be 原来是,证明是,结果是
  turn over a new leaf翻开新的一页, 改过自新
  turn (a)round 旋转,转过身来;改变意见;
  turn to 变成;着手于
  turn upside down 颠倒过来,翻过来
  40.以watch为中心的词组
  keep (a) watch 守望,值班,留心
  watch one’s time /opportunity 等待时机
  watch out (for)当心,监视,注意,提防
  watch over 查看,监视,看守
  watch one’s weight 留心体重
  watch one’s step 当心,留心
  【高考预测】
  1.his joke went so far that it was more than his girl freind could_________.
  a.put forward b. keep up with c. put up with d.do away with
  2.—how about eight o’clock outside the cinema? http:/
  —that______me fine.
  a.fits b.caters httcc c.concerns d.suits
  3.don’t make any noise or i will be ____ mad.
  a. turned b.driven  c. set d. put
  4.shortly after the book uncle tom"s cabin________, the civil war of america________.
  a.came about; broke away http b.came out; broke out http:/
  c.came on; broke up d.came up; broke down
  5.—oh, my god! so many students are coming out. how can you ____ your daughter?
  —that’s easy. my daughter is wearing a red skirt today.
  a. get out b. find out c. take out d. pick out
  6.the factory had to a number of employees because of economic decline in the country.
  a.lay out b.lay off c.lay aside d.lay down
  7.—what field will your son go into after graduation from nanjing university?
  —i’m not quite certain, but he ____ a good teacher of english.
  a.promises b.becomes c.makes d.proves
  8.i am trying to be the kind of boss that the workers will .
  a.live up to b.look up to c.watch out for d.put up with
  9.the old couple decided to  ____ a boy and a girl though they had three children of their own.
  a.adapt b.bring c.receive d.adopt
  10.before the war many people _________ possessions they could not take with them.
  a.threw away b.put away c.gave awayhtt://www.ks5u.comd.carried away
  11.jenny worked hard before the final examination, and it _______ .she got an a.
  a.showed off b.paid off c.put off d.took off
  12.uner good treatment, many patients are beginning to _______ and will soon recover.
  a.pick up b.pick out c.turn up d.show up
  13.when the greeks had _____ the persians, a soldier ran from marathon to athens.
  a. won b. bitten  c. beaten d. hit
  14.when it comes to swimming,no one in our class can _______ me in this knowledge.
  a. catch b. suit c. compare d. match
  15.the mother opened the door quietly so as not to ______ the sleeping baby.
  a. upset b. interrupt c. disturb d. release
  16.jim was not _______ to the club, because at that time he was not a member of it.
  a. allowed b. permitted c. admitted d. promoted
  17. my new secretary was very quick; she ________ a lot of work in one morning.
  a. got over b. got across c. got round d. got through
  18.—i know you’ve always been interested in seeing different places, and experiencing different cultures.
  —yes, i always think that the experience i_________will help me find a good job when i come back.
  a.win b. succeed c. gain d. achieve
  19.as he has ______ our patience, we’ll not wait for him any longer.
  a. consumed b. exhausted c. wasted d. torn
  20. hu jintao on tuesday________ resuming(继续)cross-strait talks on the basis of the "1992 consensus" as
  early as possible, to resolve problems in a practical manner.
  a. called on b. called in c. called for d. called at
  21.—what"s the matter with you, lucy?
  —after the long walk, my legs ___________ and i couldn"t go any farther.
  a. gave off b. gave in c. gave up d. gave out
  22.considering your salary, you should _______ at least 100 dollars a week.
  a. put up b. put forward c. put aside d. put out
  23.sometimes the police are not absolutely sure that someone has committed a crime, but ________ him of having done it.
  a. charge b. suspect c. inspect d. doubt
  24. it is reported that the police will soon ____ the case of two missing children.
  a. look upon b. look after c. look into d. look out
  25.—you"ve made great progress in your studies of english, haven"t you?
  —yes, but much________to be done.
  a. leaves b.keeps c. remains d. has
  26.—have you ________ any information?
  —no, i’m going to ____________ the business department.
  a. picked up; call at b. picked out; call on c. got; call on d. received; drop in
  27. the police have ________anyone with information to come forward and talk to them.
  a. admitted to b. appealed to c. allowed for d. called for
  28. a completely new situation will _________ when the examination system comes into
  existence.
  a. rise b. arise c. arouse d. raise
  29.—how about the book you are reading?
  —good indeed. it ________many problems we have come across in our study.
  a. says b. talks c. covers d. refers
  30. the sports meet, originally due to be held last friday, was finally _____ because of the bad weather.
  a. set up b. broken down c. worn out d. called off
  31. if no one ______ a coat with red buttons on it,i’ll have to keep it or send it to the lost and found.
  a. claims b. demands c. asks d. deserves
  32.we ______certain livings as birds not because they have long legs or short legs,but because they all have
  feathers.
  a. think b. classify c. look d. pide
  33. both___ _ and ____ _ laughter do harm to your health.
  a.burst out crying;burst into b.to burst out tears;to burst into
  c.bursting into tears; bursting into d.bursting into crying;bursting out
  34.would you please ______ the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes?
  a. look around b. look into c. look up d. look through
  35. think twice and time will _____what you have chosen is right or not .
  a. know b. say c. see d. tell
  36.mike perham,a 17-year-old british teenager, finished his solo round-the-world sailboat trip last week, becoming the youngest person in the world to that.
  a. achieve b. try c. devote d. conduct
  37.whether ways will be found to help china _______ the current world financial crisis is just _______worries the public.
  a. prevent; that b. survive; what c. forbid; that d. quit; what
  38.this problem may lead to more serious ones if___ unsolved.
  a. making b. left c. remained d. keeping
  39.— sunny day, isn"t it?
  — let"s hope the sunny weather for saturday"s tennis match.
  a. carries on b. moves on c. goes up d. keeps up
  40. when the disabled sportsman won a gold medal,a lot of people him on his success.
  a.appreciated b.approved c.congratulated d.remarked
  41. his face an embarrassed smile when he heard the result of the competition.
  a.came on b.took up c.took on d.turned into
  42. research _______ that over 90 percent of high school students are dissatisfied with their test scores.
  a. indicates b. introduces c. dictates d. determines
  43. more and more young girls are ______ to south korean soap operas because of the beautiful scenes in them.
  a adapted b addicted c admitted d affected
  44.if you don"t make up your mind to get rid of your bad habits,you won’t be able to_________your goal.
  a.achieve b.win c.gain d.require
  45.—what’s wrong with him?
  —the picture he came across his memory of a sad story in his childhood.
  a. put off b. took off c. set off. d. gave off
  【参考答案】1-5cdbbd 6-10babdb 11-15bacdc 16-20cdcbc
  21-25dcbcc 26-30abbcd 31-35abadd 36-40abbdc
  41-45cabac
  附录:
  XX-XX四年全国及各省市高考单项选择题中考查所涉及到的短语动词(共142个)
  apply forcome out withget throughlive withsave up
  begin withcome overget toloo downsee through
  blow outcome togive inlook aftersent up
  break downcome upgive offlook aroundset aside
  break income up withgive outlook awayset off
  break outdeal withgive uplook forset out
  break updie downgo /come to sb."s rescuelook intoset up
  bring aboutpide upgo awaylook onshow off
  bring outdo withoutgo backlook outslow down
  bring updraw upgo bylook overspeak of
  build upeat upgo onlook throughstand for
  call forfight forgo outlook upstay up
  call infigue outgo overlook uponstay with
  call offfill upgo uplose outtake away
  call onfind outgrow upmake a choicetake down
  call outfinish uphand outmake outtake in
  call upfit inhang upmake uptake off
  care forfix uphold onmeet withtake out
  carry onfocuse onhold upmove toturn over
  carry outget acrossjoin uppick outturn to
  close downget awaykeep awaypick upturn up
  close upget backkeep doing sth.put awayuse up
  come aboutget downkeep upput downwait on
  come acrossget inkeep up withput offwatch out
  come downget intolead toput outwatch over
  come fromget offleave output upwork out
  come intoget onlet outrefer to
  come onget outlie inrun into
  come outget overlift uprun out

八年级数学平行四边形的性质教学反思范文平行四边形的性质承接上一章的内容,课本的设计意图是利用图形平移和旋转的特征来得出平行四边形的性质。下面给大家分享平行四边形的性质教学反思,一起来看看吧!平行四边形的性质教学反思1上西师大版一年级数学上册89的加减法教学反思范文89的加减法是小学数学第一册的重点内容之一,它是在学生学习了7以内的加减法和89的认识的基础上安排的,是进一步学习20以内加减法的基础。它是本单元的重点,也是本册书的重点内容。本节会摇尾巴的狼的教学反思今天在讲完了会摇尾巴的狼一课后,我提出了这样的一个问题,你喜欢老山羊吗?为什么?学生回答我喜欢老山羊,因为老山羊善于观察,善于思考。我也喜欢老山羊,因为老山羊很聪明,很会思考问题,三年级科学蚂蚁教学反思篇一三年级科学蚂蚁教学反思蚂蚁这一课主要是培养学生接近小动物蚂蚁的情感。充分发挥自己的感官来观察研究记录描述有关蚂蚁的内容。观察的方法可以研究的内容以及注意事项在出去探究之前已经让三年级科学教学反思三年级科学教学反思1三年级科学课程是要以培养小学生的科学素养为宗旨,以改革学生的学习方式为重点的,适应全国基础教育课程改革的全新教材。因此,在教学过程中就要面向全体学生。同时,它充语文教案我多想去看看11我多想去看看一教学目标1认识13个生字,会写广升足走4个字,认识2个偏旁2正确流利朗读课文,背诵课文3理解课文内容,激发热爱北京,祖国的思想感情二教学重点指导学生有感情地朗读课语文教案小小的船(第一课时)小小的船(第一课时)(北师大版一册)义马市实验小学崔素玲教学目标1了解自然,热爱自然,树立人与自然和谐相处的意识。2初步感受诗歌意境,感受诗歌的音韵美,陶冶情操。3运用听读识字法认语文教案刺绣刺绣设计教师教学对象小学46年级教学目标1。了解中国刺绣的发展史和现状。2。学会欣赏刺绣作品。3。知道刺绣的材料和步骤。,刺绣的分类,针法。4。掌握基本的刺绣针法,能够完成简单的刺语文教案1比一比1比一比教学目标1知识和能力。认识12个生字,会写牛羊小少4个字。认识l个笔画和l个偏旁少。掌握多少大小两组反义词。理解量词群颗堆的意思,能正确使用一些量词。正确流利地朗读课文。激第一册语文复习一教学设计一教学内容人教版义务教育课程标准实验教科书第一册汉语拼音复习一第一题和第二题的教学设计。二教学目标通过学生动脑想一想动手做一做动口说一说的形式,进一步强化和巩固所学过的拼音的音与形gkh教学设计湖北省武汉市常青第一学校刘佳张艾君设计理念gkh拼音教学在设计上运用了多种教学原则,以学生为本,创设学习生气,增强基础底气,培养语文灵气。在教学过程中重视学生情感态度价值观的培养,
翻译的解释及造句翻译拼音注音fanyi翻译解释意思()把一种语言文字的意义用另一种语言文字表达出来(也指方言与民族共同语方言与方言古代语与现代语之间一种用另一种表达)把代表语言文字的符号或数码用语使用站在想起造句1。我站在小巷入口,脚踏着青石板路面,摸着凸凹不平的石墙,想起了记忆中的快乐时光。2。我站在长城上,不禁让我想起古代中国人民是多么的伟大。3。我来到阔别二十余年的母校,站在洁白漂亮瓦砾的造句瓦砾拼音注音wali瓦砾解释意思破碎的砖头瓦片堆一片(形容建筑物被破坏后的景象)。瓦砾造句1他们用推土机清除掉这地区的树木和瓦砾然后开始建设。2就这样,很多人还在帐篷或瓦砾里生活。冷害的意思和造句冷害拼音注音lenghai冷害解释意思由于气温降低,使某些植物体遭受的破坏或死亡。冷害造句1冷害是影响水稻产量的重要因素之一。2热空气可能会循环流动,从而保证新鲜农产品不会产生冷害用虚有其表怎么造句1如果施琅号和她姐妹情况相同,她将是海军版的波将金村庄,只不过是虚有其表的绣花枕头而已。2她们在餐厅酒吧美发沙龙和临时办公室找兼职,得到虚有其表的职称。3通常来说,黑胡子并不是虚有反照的词语造句反照拼音注音fanzhao反照解释意思返照光线反射夕阳。反照造句1冰雪融化从两个方面影响反照率。2于是我就想,为什么我们自己不能来操控地球的反照率呢。3海冰的消退以及冰雪的融化降低钻头的解释及造句钻头拼音注音zuantou钻头解释意思钻钻床钻探机上的刀具,在工件或岩石上造成孔洞。在金属切削上用得最多的是有螺旋槽的麻花钻头,地质勘探用的有硬质合金钻头金刚石钻头等。钻头造句1把狐步的造句狐步拼音注音hubu狐步解释意思交际舞的一种,起源于美国黑人的民间舞蹈,拍,步法比较简单。狐步造句1那天晚上,他教我跳了波尔卡,华尔兹和狐步舞,而饭菜一直在凉着。2从二战时期的塔拉椴木的解释及造句椴木拼音注音duanmu椴木解释意思椴树或河北杨(椴杨)的木材。椴木造句1这种天然植物比如金合欢,紫花苜蓿,椴木和草木樨作为饲料,这种蜂蜜当其结晶时几乎没有颜色(如水般)。2试验结高视阔步的造句高视阔步造句1当你高视阔步的时候,你并不是在炫耀。2单从举止外貌来说,那种庄严神气,就使那群高视阔步的武夫们即使没有显得怪模怪样,也是俗不可耐了。3他们共同,男人的打扮,高视阔步,用势如破竹造句推荐1中国女排势如破竹,一举击败了各支强队,夺得了冠军。2中国经济的发展势如破竹,祖国大地一片繁荣。3警察叔叔成功的抓住了一个小偷,接着他们势如破竹,把这个团伙一举拿下。4在合唱团分组