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八年级英语下册Reviewampnbspofampnbspunitsampnbsp910ampnbsp知识讲解

  review of units 9---10
  一. 重点词语
  1. as的用法
   prep.
  ①(理由) 因为……
   例如:
   as it rained,i stayed home. (多用于句首)
  ②(比较) as…as… 同…一样
   例如:    he is as tall as i (am).
  ③(表结果、程度) 所以,致使
   例如:    i got up so early as to be in time.
   he spoke so loudly as to be heard by everyone.
  ④书面语虽然…但是;同though 注意词的排序
   例如:    young as he was,he works hard.
  2. in the same way
   in the same way 意思为"同样地,用同样的方式",常接在动词后用作方式状语。
   注意:
   way 和不同的介词连用,有不同的意思,区别如下:
   in the way 就这样,用这种方式
   by the way 顺便问一下
   on the way 在去……路上
   例如:    he finally worked out the problem in the way.
   最后,他就这样解决了问题。
   by the way,how old is your son?
   顺便问一下,你儿子多大了?
   on the way to school,he met an old friend of his.
   在去学校的路上,他碰到了他的一个老朋友。
    注意:
   如果way后接副词时,要省略to。
   如:    on the way home 在回家的路上
  3. prefer的用法,宁可,宁愿,更喜欢。
  (1)prefer sth.
   例如:    i’d prefer meat,please.    我更喜欢吃肉。
  (2)prefer sth. / doing to sth. /doing
   例如:
   i prefer dogs to cats.    我喜欢狗,不太喜欢猫。
   i prefer reading to singing.    我喜爱读书胜过唱歌。
  (3)prefer to do sth.
   例如:
   would you prefer me to come on monday?    你是否宁可要我星期一来?
  (4)prefer to do … rather than do …
   例如:
   he prefers to write his letters rather than phone them.他喜欢自己写信,不愿意给他们打电话。
  4. neither和either的区别
  (1)neither 具有否定性词义。用作形容词时,作"两者均无/皆非的"解,后接单数名词或代词;用作代词时,作"(两者中)无一个"解,与之搭配的谓语动词一般用单数式,间或用复数式;用作副词时,作"(两者中的另一个(也不"解,将其置于句首时,其后的主谓语须倒装;用作连接词时,作"也不"解,常与nor连用,构成等立连词,作"(既)不…也不"解,该词组连接两个主语时,谓语动词通常与邻近的那个主语在人称和数方面取得一致。
   如:
   neither street/neither of the streets is clean.    两条街都不干净。
   neither bill nor his parents were at home.    比尔不在家,他的父母亲也不在家。
  (2)either用作形容词时,作"(两者中)任一的/每一方的"解,后接单数名词或代词;用作代词时,作"(两者中)任何一个"解,与之搭配的谓语动词一般用单数式,间或用复数式;用作副词时,置于否定句或否定词组之后,以加强语气,作"也"、"而且"解;用作连接词时,常与or连用,构成等立连词,作"或者……或者……"、"不是……就是……"解。
   如:
   there is a bus-stop on either side of the street.  大街的两旁都有公共汽车站。
   she hasn"t read this book,and i haven"t either.  她没有读过这本书,我也没有读过。
   it"s either red or green;i can"t remember.它不是红色的,就是绿色的,我记不清楚了。
  5. alone和lonely的区别
   这两个词都有"单独"、"孤单"的意思,但各自的含义和用法有所不同。
  (1)alone 可以用作形容词或副词,作形容词时,只能在句子中充当表语或宾语补足语。它用来陈述"单独一人"、"无其他人"这样一个事实。
   如:
   you can"t do the job alone.    这活你一个人干不了。
  (2)lonely 只能用作形容词,在句子中充当表语或定语。指人时,作"孤单的"、"寂寞的"解;指地方时,作"荒凉的"、"人迹稀少的" 解。
   如:
   i live all alone but i don"t feel lonely.    我一直一个人生活,但不感到孤单。
   the house was in a lonely place.    那幢房屋位于一个人迹稀少的地区。
  6. cross,across和through的区别
  (1)cross 是动词,指从一边到另一边的动作。
   如:
   be careful when you’re crossing the street.    过街的时候要当心。
  (2)across 是介词,表示从一边到另一边的意思,其含义与on有关,表示动作在物体的表面进行。
   如:
   we ran across the bridge.    我们跑步过桥。
   the bookstore is across the street.    书店在街对面。
  (3)through介词,也可以表示从一边到另一边的意思,但其含义则与in有关,指动作在空间里进行。
   如:
   it took them three hours to walk through the forest. 他们花了三个小时才穿过那片森林。
  7. hope,wish和expect的区别
   hope 后接to do或从句
   wish 后接to do,sb to do, sb/sth+ 名词 或从句(虚拟)
   expect 后接to do,sb. to do,或从句
   例如:
   i hope to be happy.
   i wish you to be happy.
   i expect you to be happy.
   i hope that you can come.
   i expect that you can come.
   i wish that you could come.
   i wish you success.
  二.时态复习
  1. 过去进行时
   过去进行时表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。
   过去进行时和过去一般时一样,也常和表过去的时间状语连用。
  ① 表示过去某一时刻正在进行着的动作:
   例如:
   ——what were you doing this time yesterday?     昨天这个时间你在干什么?
   ——we were watching tv this time yesterday     昨天这个时间我们在看电视。
  ② 表示过去某一阶段在进行的动作:
   例如:
   mary was talking with her friends the whole afternoon yesterday.
   玛丽昨天整个下午一直在与朋友们谈话。
   一般过去时与过去进行时的用法比较:
   一般过去时表示"在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态",而过去进行时则表示"在过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作"。
   如:
   tom wrote a letter to his friend last night.
   汤姆昨晚给他的朋友写了封信。(信写完了)
   tom was writing a letter to his friend last night.
   汤姆昨晚一直在给他的朋友写信。(信不一定写完,只是强调了动作的延续性)。
   过去进行时和一般过去时的差别:
    一般过去时表示"在过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态",而过去进行时则表示"在过去某个特定时间正在进行的动作"。
   例如:
    i was reading an english novel last night. 昨晚我在看一本英文小说。(可能没看完)
    i read an english novel last night  我昨晚看了一本英文小说。(已经看完)
    过去完成时
  2. 一般将来时:
   肯定形式:①am/is/are going to + do;②will/shall + do.
   否定形式:①am/is/are going not to + do;②will/shall not + do.
  (1)表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。将来一般时用来表示单纯的将来事实。将来一般时常和表将来的时间状语连用,如:tomorrow,next week,next month,next year,in a few days等。
   如:
   he’ii come next week. 他下星期来。
  (2)用于状语从句中。表时间和条件的状语从句一般用现在一般时表将来,但有时亦可用将来一般时。连词before引导的时间状语从句可用将来一般时。
   如:
   it wiil be long before he wili come back. 他要过很久才会回来。(此句重点是 before从句)
  (3)表条件的if从句亦可用将来一般时,这种从句的主语多用it。
   如:
   i wiii come tomorrow if it will suit you.  如果对你方便的话,我明天来。
  3. 现在完成时:
   肯定形式:have/has + done
   否定形式:have/has + not +done.
  (1)现在完成时跨在两个时间之上,一是过去,一是现在。它的动作发生在过去,但对现在有影响(或结果),而这种影响(或结果)却往往是说话人的兴趣所在,所以常常后面不用时间状语。现在完成时所表的动作离说话人的说话时刻可近可远,表近距离的。
   如:
   the car has arrived.    车子来了。(结果:车子已在门口)
   someone has broken the window.  有人把窗户打破了。(结果:窗户仍破着)
  (2)现在完成时常用来表持续的动作或状态,亦用来表过去重复的动作。常用的时间状语:recently,lately,since…,for…,in the past few years already,in the past等笼统地表过去的时间状语边用。
  1)用在完成时常用来持续的动作或状态,亦用来表过去重复的动作,如live,study,be,wait等,常和since(自从)或for(经历)引导的词语连用。
   如:
   i have lived here for more than thirty years.    我已在此住了30多年。
  2)亦可用有限动词表持续。在当代英语里,有些有限动词已冲破了上述规则,在某种情况下也可以与since(自从)或for(经历)引导的词语连用表"持续性"。
   如:
   he has visited china for three days.    他在中国进行了三天访问。
  4. 过去完成时:
   以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即"过去的过去"。常用的时间状语:before, by  the end of last year(term, month…)等。
   肯定形式:had + done.
   否定形式:had + not + done.
   例如:
   the class had already begun when i came to school.
  三. 练习检测
  ⅰ. 单项选择
  1. he got up,washed himself and then got _____.
  a. dressed    b. dress   c. to dress    d. dressing
  2. —what are you ______?    —i’m _______ my lost pen everywhere.
  a. finding,looking for   b. looking for,finding
  c. looking for,looking for     d. looking,looking
  3. my old grandpa is ______ at home every day.
  a. alone   b. lonely   c. alones    d. oneself
  4. look! some people are talking ___ the trees and some monkeys are playing ___ the tree.
  a. in   in   b. on   on    c. under in    d. under on
  5. they had a good time last sunday,_____ they?
  a. hadn’t   b. didn’t    c. had    d. did
  6. i ___________ this book for two weeks. i have to return it now. 
  a. borrowed   b. have borrowed   c. kept     d. have kept
  7. the glass ______. it _____ by little tom this morning.
  a. broke,is broken    b. is broken,was broken
  c. was broken,broke    d. has been broken,broken
  8. there are many tall buildings on _______ sides of the street.
  a. each     b. every     c. both      d. either
  9. he told me ______ to bring you ______.
  a. don’t,something  b. don’t,anything  c. not,something   d. not,
  10. his grandfather ____ for ten years.
  a. died     b. was dead   c. has been dead   d. has died
  ⅱ. 句型转换
  1. she teaches maths.(完成反意疑问句)
   she teaches mathes,________ _________?
  2. i didn’t know about this . hetold me last night.(用not … until连接两句子)
   i ________ know about this _________ he told me last night.
  3. he jumps the highest in his class. (变同义句)
   he jumps higher than any _____ _____ in his class.
  4. the old man doesn"t know the way to the station. (变同义句)
   the old man doesn"t know _____ _____ get to the station.
  5. i"ll ring you up this evening. (变同义句)
   i"ll _____ you a ____ this evening.
  ⅲ. 选词填空,用方框中所给词语的适当形式填空,每个词语只能用一次。
  big,do,open,without,visit
  1. the supermarket _________ at 8:30 every morning.
  2. which is the ___________ city in the world?
  2. tomorrow is saturday. the browns _________ the summer palace.
  4. ________ you ________ well in biology last term?
  5. _________ the teachers" help,we can"t make any progress.
  ⅳ. 阅读理解
  there is no other five-year-old like him. he has a potato-shaped head and a voice that is not easily forgotten. he is not a trouble maker,but trouble follows him wherever he goes.
  crayon shinchan(蜡笔小新) enjoys great popularity in china. he has many fans in hong kong, taiwan and on the mainland. and he is one of the hottest cartoon characters(卡通人物) in his home country,japan.
  but,the trouble-maker"s show was thought to be the no. 1 most unwanted cartoon program by japan"s parents" association(家长协会) on april 18.
  more than half the parents who took part in the study thought shinchan was not a good model for children. they believed his actions and words were grown-up in nature and not fit for kids.
  many parents and education experts in china agree with them. shinchan,they say,is really offensive. "crayon shinchan is full of dirty humor(幽默). the boy shows some terrible thinking which doesn" t match his age,"said a teacher from beijing normal university. the teacher further pointed out that shinchan destroys the image(形象) of a polite,hard-working boy. she is afraid that some children may copy his action and harm their psychological(心理的) development.
  the teacher and many others in china think thru shinchan is a cartoon for grown-ups,not for children.
  but some,kids disagree. jiangxin,a middle school student in beijing,became a fan of shinchan after he first saw the cartoon two years ago. he said it was shinchan"s humor,courage (勇气),and cleverness that made him and his friends love the little cartoon character. "shinchan looks at the grown-ups" world with a kid"s eyes,"said jiang."we watch it just for fun."but jiang also agreed that shinchan is not good for all ages."it may not be fit for little kids. they may try to blindly copy him."
  shinchan"s"father",japan"s popular cartoonist(漫画家),yoshito usui,never thought shinchan would result in such a discussion.
  he said that shinchan is a childish copy of japan"s middle-aged men. the boy does everything that grown-ups would like to do,but don"t dare to do."people can easily excuse him because he"s only five years old,"said yoshito.
  1. many children like shinchan very much mainly because _____________.
  a. he always does something funny
  b. the cartoon character is suitable for all ages
  c. they think he is humorous,clever and brave
  d. he is a childish copy of japan"s middle-aged men
  2. teachers and parents dislike crayon shinchan because ________.
  a. he looks very funny
  b. he has caused such a discussion
  c. the character was invented by a middle-aged cartoonist
  d. he is thought as a bad model for children to follow
  3. the underlined word "offensive"in paragraph 5 probably means ___________.
  a. humorous   b. bad-looking  c. funny   d. unpleasant
  4. according to the passage,it is likely that crayon shinchan will not _________.
  a. say dirty words  b. tell lies  c. work hard at his homework
  d. make a loud noise in class
  ⅴ. 完形填空
  thomas edison was a famous american inventor.  1  he was a child,he was always trying out new  2 . his parents loved him very much.  3  called him tom. young tom was  4  for only three months. during those three months he  5  his teacher a lot of questions. most of the questions were not  6  his lessons. his teacher thought he wasn’t  7  and told his mother to take him out of school.
  edison’s mother had to  8  him herself. edison learnt very quickly. he read a lot later he became very inter4ested in  9  and invented many  10  things.
  1. a. because    b. if         c. when         d. and
  2. a. answers    b. ideas       c. questions      d. ways
  3. a. he      b. she         c. they         d. we
  4. a. at home    b. on the farm    c. by the river    d. in school
  5. a. asked     b. answered     c. gave         d. told
  6. a. by      b. at         c. to          d. about
  7. a. kind     b. clever       c. bad         d. forgetful
  8. a. write     b. play        c. teach        d. read
  9. a. science    b. art        c. english        d. music
  10. a. easy     b. beautiful     c. dangerous      d. useful
  ⅵ. 补全对话
   i                       ii
  1. hello,who’s that,please?         a. oh, i’d love to. thank you.
  2. i’m sorry i’m late.           b. i like them very much.
  3. what’s the date today.           c. yes. it’s on the other side of the street.
  4. would you like to come to supper?     d. that’s right.
  5. how do you like the pictures?       e. this is mary speaking.
  6. it’s a fine day for a walk.        f. it doesn’t matter.
  7. excuse me. could you tell me the way to the cinema?   e. it’s january 15.
  答  案
  ⅰ. 1. a  get dressed.
  2. c  两个句子都是强调寻找的过程,动作(look for )。而find 是强调结果的。
  3. a  alone 是做表语的。而lonely 是做定语的。
  4. c    5. b    6. d     7. b    8. c    9. d
  10. 分析:"died"和"was dead"都是一般过去时,因"for ten years"是表示延续时间的状语,谓语时态要用现在完成时,所以选a或b都不行。"has been dead"和"has died"虽然都是现在完成时,但因"die"是终止性动词,且在有for…或since…的句中,就必须选用延续性动词be。这样,正确答案应该选c。
  ⅱ. 3. other,student    4. how,to    5. give,ring
  ⅲ. 1. opens       2. biggest     3. are going to visit / will visit 
  4. did;do    5. without
  ⅳ. 1. c   2. d   3. d   4. c
  ⅴ. 1)根据原文这里表示是当爱迪生小的时候,故选c
  2)选b。ideas表示"想法,思想"
  3)选c。该句缺少主语是爱迪生的父母,因此称"他们"
  4)选d。根据后文指上学时间,因此应在学校
  5)选a。"问了不少问题?"
  6)选d。而且这些问题与文章内容无关。
  7)选b。老师认为这些题目不该问,所以认为爱迪生不聪明。
  8)选c。后来他妈妈不得不亲自教他。
  9)选a。根据常识或排除可知对科学感兴趣,发明了许多有用的东西。
  10)选d。根据常识或排除可知对科学感兴趣,发明了许多有用的东西。
  ⅵ. 1. e   2. f   3. g   4. a   5. b   6. d   7. c
  本题考察的是日常交际用语的运用能力。要求给每个句子配位。在理解各句的句意后,运用日常交际用语在不同场合的应答,就能逐一完成。如本题第一句的"hello,who’s that,please?"根据ii栏中e项的答语"this is mary speaking"可以推断出这里电话用语(请问您是哪位)。再如第四句"would you like to come to supper?"(你来吃晚饭好吗?)按照英美人士交际习惯,应该先说表示乐意,并致谢,就不难找到ii栏中的a项应答。

42鱼和潜水艇教学目标1能借助汉语拼音认读潜艇够助浮缩启舱8个生字。认识部首舟字旁。能在老师的指导下描摹汉字浮柜启艇舱够。巩固音序查字法。2朗读课文,做到不加字不漏字不改字,并能注意适当的停顿。小班早期阅读晚上活动目标1。通过回忆交流观察表达理解文本晚上,感受夜晚的美好生活景象。2。感受文本中晚上,是时候的优美句式,并尝试和老师小朋友一起说一说。3。迁移学习和生活的经验,乐意和同伴一起交创举的近义词及造句在线查创举解释从未出现过的行动。以下是品学网小编收集整理关于该词的近义词以及造句,希望对你有用!创举的近义词首创独创创始为更好地掌握这个词语,以下是创举造句1。创举促进创造力的发展。2。左传僖公二十八年阅读题及答案阅读下面的文言文,完成912题。夏四月戊辰,晋侯宋公齐国归父秦小子慭次于城濮。楚师背酅而舍,晋侯患之。子犯曰战也!战而捷,必得诸侯。若其不捷,表里山河,必无害也。晋侯曰若楚惠何?栾左传阅读答案阅读下面文言文,完成1114题。(12分)申屠丞相嘉者,梁人,从高帝击项籍,迁为队率。从击黥布军,为都尉。孝文时,嘉迁为御史大夫。张苍免相,孝文帝欲用皇后弟窦广国为丞相,曰恐天下以形声字教学反思范文第一单元的识字3主要是学习会意字,识字4主要是集中学习形声字。形声,也叫象声谐声,六书之一。指意符和声符并用的造字法。如论,从言,仑声,秧,从禾,央声,言和禾是意符,表示论同言有关语文S版形声结合识汉字的教学反思在平日的教学中,我发现学生对于形声字总是容易搞混,有的是音近形近替代错误,有的是缺少或增添笔画,有的是同音替代。针对这些现象,我鼓励学生结合字的意思认识字的形旁,读准字的读音掌握字形声结合识汉字教学设计一教案设计教学目标1指导学生会用多种方法认识形声字,学会文中六个生字,认识十六个二类字。2积累与生字相关的词语,力戒颗粒归仓囫囵吞枣拂晓富饶词义。3培养学生主动识字以及对汉字的浓厚左传曹刿论战阅读答案阅读甲乙两段文言文,按要求答题。甲公将战,曹刿请见。其乡人曰肉食者谋之,又何间焉。刿曰肉食者鄙,未能远谋。乃入见。问何以战?公曰衣食所安,弗敢专也,必以分人。对曰小惠未徧,民弗从也孟子左传对比阅读及答案(甲)人恒过,然后能改。困于心,衡于虑,而后作征于色,发于声,而后喻。入则无法家拂士,出则无敌国外患者,国恒亡。然后知生于忧患而死于安乐也。孟子(乙)十年春,齐师伐我,公将战,曹刿左传烛之武退秦师阅读附答案夜缒而出,见秦伯,曰秦晋围郑,郑既知亡矣。若亡郑而有益于君,敢以烦执事。越国以鄙远,君知其难也。焉用亡郑以陪邻?邻之厚,君之薄也。若舍郑以为东道主,行李之往来,共其乏困,君亦无所害
语惊四座的意思和造句语惊四座意思是形容发言独特新奇,使人震惊。下面,小编为大家分享语惊四座的意思和造句,希望对大家有所帮助!拼音yjngszu解释形容发言独特新奇,使人震惊。出处语出诗经小雅都人士彼都行将的解释及造句行将拼音注音xingjiang行将解释意思书即将将要就道。行将造句1这并非意味着个人电脑行将消失。2每一个这些行将使用不同的同义词开头。3第二行将对调试器的连接限制在一个IP地址列用立功造句注音ligong意思建立功绩一人,全家光荣立过两次大功。造句1。没有才能的人,不能立功,无益于国家,不得受禄赏。2。有虚荣心的人在不幸中建立功绩,在耻辱中取得胜利。3。太上有立德,标点的解释及造句标点拼音注音biaodian标点解释意思()标点符号。()给原来没有标点的著作(如古书)加上标点符号。标点造句标点造句1用适当的语法标点和拼写。2在这里,会替换其他的标点符号和空格冷冰冰的解释及造句冷冰冰拼音注音lengbingbing冷冰冰解释意思(的)()形容不热情或不温和的脸色。()形容物体很冷。冷冰冰造句1他对她冷冰冰的。2他那张毫无表情的面孔给人一种冷冰冰严厉的感觉怎样用照葫芦画瓢造句1而今,我们学习白国周班组管理法的做法,正如照着葫芦画个瓢一样,不是每一个人都能把它画得好的。想画好这个瓢,我们就要在学习白国周班组管理法的做法中认真学习。2常听说有句话叫照着葫芦用美不胜收造句精选用美不胜收造句1宋人初见西溪,叹其美不胜收好似人间仙境,脱口而出一句西溪,且留下!2在这美不胜收的地方,流传着这样一首脍炙人口的歌。3此时,因为工作关系的原因,她还是饶有兴趣的仔细历史老师的教学反思范文专制主义中央集权制度是中国封建社会政治制度的集中体现。它经历了产生形成确立完备强化衰亡的发展过程。这一整个过程又可以分为两个阶段,即秦汉至隋唐为第一阶段,历史进步性居主流北宋至明清百年的造句百年拼音注音bainian百年解释意思()指很多年,很长时期大业不遇。()人的一生终身好合(新婚颂词)之后(婉辞,指死亡)。百年造句1他假想自己身处百年之前。2他们是怎么存在了七百圆满解释及造句注音yuanman意思没有缺欠漏洞,使人满意的答案的结果两国会谈结束。圆满造句1然而,我们都渴望与别人深入的交往,渴望那些幸福快乐圆满的时刻。2感到一般的乐趣时一定要微笑看到孩子们大陆的解释及造句大陆拼音注音dalu大陆解释意思广大的陆地亚洲(不包括属于亚洲的岛屿)。大陆造句1这座大桥把小岛和大陆衔接起来。2他只身长途跋涉,从东向西横穿整个非洲大陆。3他独自一人从东到西横越