高考英语单元知识点复习Unitampnbsp9Unitampnbsp10

　　unit 9-unit 10
　　提纲挈领
　　单元
　　考查重点及热点
　　unit 9
　　单词coal content summarise south africa killer violence stress responsibility poverty equality fairness cooperation willingness wipe per defend incorrect affect advise
　　短语take part in take action air conditioner put an end to advise sb. (not) to do sth.
　　句型1.be to do结构2.only+状语+倒装句
　　unit 10
　　单词frightening terrify bury ash mud rise dirt sight courage flee arrival bath pillow daylight immediately fresh web inch board steamship unbelievable ton uncomfortable aloud reading
　　短语on end draw one’s attention(to) at hand calm(sb.) down on board knock about all of a sudden live through as though(=as if)
　　句型1.upon/on+n./doing2.whether to do
　　unit 9理解:要点诠释
　　单词1.advise讲:vt.＆vi.忠告，劝告，建议，通知，商量主要结构:advise sth.；advise doing sth.；advise sb.to do sth；advise+that clause；advise sb.against doing sth；advise sb.on sth；advise sb.+疑问词+不定式；advise sb. of sth.例：there is no one to advise me.无人能给我忠告。i advise waiting until tomorrow.我建议等到明天。i advise you to start at once.我劝你立刻出发。they were advised not to go abroad.他们被奉劝不要出国。strongly advise you against going abroad.我力劝你不要出国。he advises us on economic affairs.他给我们提供有关经济事务的建议。he could not advise me what to do next.他无法教我接下来该做什么。can you advise me whether i should go abroad?你能不能指点我该不该出国？i advised him that he(should)go at once.我劝他应该马上去。the doctor advised a complete rest.医生建议充分休息。please advise us of the date.请将日期通知我们。we were advised of the risk.有人告知我们那项风险。we were advised that they could not accept our offer.我们获得通知，说他们不能接受我们的提议。you had better advise with him on the situation.你最好就当前形势请教他。链接·提示 (1)advise作＂通知＂讲后跟宾语从句时，用陈述语气；作＂建议＂讲后跟宾语从句时，用虚拟语气。（2）比较advise和persuade（说服）。练：we trust you;only you can________ him to give up smoking.a.suggest b.attractc.advise d.persuade提示:本题考查动词辨析。根据第一句话所提供的语境分析，此处应该使用persuade，表示＂说服＂。答案:d2.content讲：n.内容；目录；满意adj. 满足的；满意的vt 使满意（=satisfy）短语:be content to do sth.=be ready to do sth.愿意做某事be content with sth.=be pleased/satisfied with对……满意例：i always read the contents of a book first of all.我总是先看书的目录。he’s not content with his present job.他对目前的工作并不满意。he is content just to sit in front of the tv set all day.他只要整天坐在电视机前就心满意足了。we had the chance to play golf to our hearts content.我们有了尽情打高尔夫球的机会。it is impossible to content everybody.使人人都满意是不可能的。链接·提示 注意content用作形容词时，意思不同所跟的搭配也不同。练：after so many performances,he had managed to learn the________of the letter by heart.a.pages b.joke c.news d.contents提示:content意为＂内容＂，page＂页码＂，joke＂笑话＂，news＂新闻＂。本句话表示＂他已经想法熟记了信的内容＂，故选d项。答案:d3.affect讲：vt.影响；感动；侵袭；假装例：some plants are quickly affected by cold.有些植物对寒冷很敏感。the rise in the price of bread will affect us all.面包售价上涨，我们大家都会受影响。he was much affected by the sad news.这个凄惨的消息使他十分难过。she affects an american accent.她装出美国腔调。he affected not to hear me.他假装没听见我。链接·提示 effect n. 结果；效果；影响；作用。构成短语have an effect on...＂对……有影响（作用）＂；come into effect实行，实施；bring/put sth. into effect使某物开始使用；in effect事实上；take effect生效；effective adj. 有效的练：（XX甘肃兰州诊断考试）it is reported that the general public won’t be________by the h5n1 bird flu disease if they_________ sick or dead poultry.a.infected;keep away from b.affected;keep offc.spread;run away from d.transmitted;take out of提示:本题考查动词用法。由句意＂大众只要不接触病死的禽鸟就不会感染禽流感＂可知选a。infect感染。答案：a4.stress讲：vt. 着重；强调n.压力；紧张；强调短语:put/lay stress on...重视例：he stressed the importance of cooperation.他强调合作的重要性。the speaker stressed the need for better education.演讲人强调获取更好教育的必要性。she stressed that she wasn’t going to help.她强调说她不会帮忙。he is under great stress because of his new job.新工作使他感到沉重的压力。he is suffering from fever caused by stress.他因紧张而发烧。some schools lay/put stress on foreign language education.有些学校重视外语教育。练：in recent years much more stress has been put______eveloping the students productive skills.a.over b.into c.with d.on提示:put stress on是固定搭配，意为＂强调……＂。答案:d
　　短语1.take action讲：该短语的意思为＂采取行动＂，注意名词action前面没有冠词。例：i felt that it was time for me to take action.我感觉是我采取行动的时候了。i didn’t take immediate action.我没有立即采取行动。the government took no action to stop the pollution.政府没有采取措施来制止污染。what action are you going to take?你要采取什么样的措施？链接·提示 同义词为take measures。比较: take a person’s measure给某人量体。练：he demanded that quick action should be_______ before things got even worse.a.made b.held c.taken d.carried提示:根据固定短语take action＂采取行动＂得出答案。答案:c2.put an end to 讲：该短语为及物动词短语，后跟名词作宾语，表示＂结束；制止＂。例：let’s put an end to this quarrel.我们结束这场争吵吧。we should put an end to the war.我们应该结束这场战争。we must put an end to this foolish behaviour.我们必须制止这种愚蠢的行为。链接·提示 比较：bring...to an end使……结束；come to an end完毕；结束。 he brought his lecture to an end around ten oclock. 他在10点左右结束了他的演讲。 the meeting came to an end early. 会议很早就结束了。练：the government declared that it would_______ an end to some unfair policies the next month.a.make b.bring c.take d.put提示:根据固定搭配put an end to ＂结束；终结＂得出答案。答案:d
　　句型1.be to do结构讲：请观察下面课文原句：if we are to develop the world successfully,we must make sure that everyone is able to take part in the new world we create.如果我们要成功地开发世界，就必须确保人人都能够参与我们创造的新世界。be to do sth.结构为动词不定式作表语的特定用法，注意下列例句中该结构所表达的不同意思。例：we are to meet at the school gate.我们约好在校门口碰头。the prize is to honour him for his great discovery.奖品是为了表彰他的重大发现。he traveled to many mountain villages and saw many poor children out of school.this experience was to change his life.他走了许多山村，看到了很多贫苦孩子失学。这一段经历后来改变了他的一生。链接·提示 be to do结构可以表示：（1）预定 he is to return from germany tomorrow. （2）（表义务）应该做、必须做 you are to be back by 9 o’clock.  （3）（表可能）会做 （4）（表命运）注定练：at that time few people would accept einstein’s ideas,which_______correct many years later.a.were to prove b.were provedc.would have proved d.were going to prove提示:be to do在此表示＂注定＂。答案:a2.only+状语+倒装句讲：请观察下面教材原句：only by changing the way we live can we save the earth.只有通过改变生活方式我们才能拯救地球。当only引导状语位于句首时，句子使用主谓语倒装的词序。suspense in news is torture.难辨消息的真假，对人是一种折磨。例：only with hard work can you expect to get a pay rise.只有努力工作你才有加薪的可能。only in this way can you learn maths well.只有用这种方法你才能学好数学。链接·提示 注意只用only引导的成分作状语且位于句首时才能倒装。练：mary had to wok at evenings and weekends.only in this way_______able to complete the report by the deadline.a.was she b.she wasc.had she been d.she had been提示:only in this way 作状语且位于句首，使用倒装，故首先排除b、d两项。根据上下文应用一般过去时。答案:a
　　辨析1.as though，even though，though (1)as though=as if＂好像；似乎＂，用来引导方式状语从句或表语从句。as though比as if较正式，描述非现实情况时，as if/as though 从句中用虚拟语气；在口语中，主句为现在时，而且有内容可清楚辨别是表达现实的意思时，在as if 后的从句有时也可以用现在时。此外，若使用现在时，这是表达实际的事实关系；as if/as though 从句里的主语和动词，有时可省略。(2)even though=even if ＂即使；纵使＂，用来引导让步状语从句。even if 的从句有强烈的假设性，而even though 则多以此从句内容为前提。even though he is poor,she loves him.=he is poor,yet she loves him.尽管他很贫穷，但她还是爱他。(3)though＂虽然＂，用来引导让步状语从句。even though 有退一步设想的意味，与though不同。though 引导的句子所说的是事实，even though 引导的句子所说的则不一定是事实。另外，though 还可用于倒装句，这时作表语的名词或形容词要提前。注意:though不能和but 连用。即时练习:(1)she always talks to me _________she were my sister.(2)he walked slowly__________ he had hurt his leg.(3)it looks_________ we will be late.(4) __________ i have to sell my house,i will keep my business going.(5)he will not tell me the secret_________ he knows it.答案:(1)as if/as though (2)as if/as though(3)as if/as though (4)even if/even though(5)even if/even though/though2.defend，guard，protect这三个词都有＂保护＂之意，但强调的重点不同。defend指用武力或其他措施保护某人/物在面临危险时不受损害。protect指利用各种安全防御措施,尽力照顾某人/物,以使其不受损害。guard指留心守望，警戒，防止可能受攻击或侵害。it is the duty of every chinese citizen to defend his motherland.对中国每个公民来说，保卫祖国是他们的义务。clothes protect us from cold.衣服使我们御寒。he raised his arm to protect his face from the blow.他抬起胳膊保护脸免遭拳击。two big dogs guard the farm against strangers.两条大狗保卫着农场，防备陌生人。即时练习:we should try our best,in my opinion,to do all that we can ________ these ancient cultural relics.a.to protect b.protectingc.protected d.and protect提示:此处用动词不定式作目的状语。答案:a诱思:实例点拨【例1】(XX辽宁模拟)follow your doctor’s advice, _________ your cough will get worse.a.or b.and c.then d.so提示:＂祈使句   or  简单句＂是一常见的基本句式，意为＂干某事，否则就会……＂。答案:a讲评:注意从前后句的意思上去选择or或and。【例2】（XX浙江模拟）the president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without________ his notes.a.bringing up b.referring toc.looking for d.trying to提示:分析四个词组的意思，bring up意为＂养大，抚养＂；refer to意为＂提到，参考＂；look for意为＂寻找＂；try on意为＂试穿，试载＂，分析题意应选refer to。答案:b讲评:注意分析四个短语动词的意思和与后面的名词his notes的搭配。