高考语法专题定语从句

　　考纲新研读
　　考查的重点是介词+关系代词which，whom引导的定语从句；非限制性定语从句也时有考查。
　　1.限制性定语从句
　　句子作定语，由关系代词和关系副词引导，被修饰部
　　分叫先行词。
　　(1)关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose,在句子中
　　作主语或宾语，作宾语时可省略。
　　that,指人或物：
　　who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there?
　　the finger (that) i put into my mouth was not the one
　　(that) i
　　had dipped into the cup.
　　which,指物：
　　a chemical’s shop is a shop which sells medicine.(作主语)
　　the film (which) we saw last night was wonderful.(作宾语)
　　who, whom, whose,指人，分别做主语、宾语和定语：
　　the man who visited our class yesterday is our new headmaster.
　　who’s the man (whom) you just talked to?
　　this is the room whose window faces south.
　　介词后指人用whom,指物用which。
　　介词可提前，也可在后；在后时可用who, that，也可省略：
　　this is the room in which we lived last year.
　　= this is the room
　　(which/that) we lived in last year.
　　who’s the man with whom you just shook hands?= who’s the
　　man (who/whom/that) you just shook hands with?
　　但是固定搭配,介词不能提前：
　　is this the book which she was looking for?
　　(2)关系副词：when, where, why,在定语从句中分别作时间、地点
　　和原因状语。
　　when,指时间：
　　i still remember the day when (on which) i first came to beijing.
　　比较：i still remember the day that i spent in beijing.
　　where,指地点：
　　this is the house where (in which) i lived two years ago.
　　比较：this is the house that i bought two years ago.
　　why,指原因：在＂reason＂后：
　　the reason why he was late is that the car broke down on the way.
　　比较：the reason that he gave us is not reasonable.
　　(3)the same...as; such...as引导的定语从句：
　　this is the same pen as i lost yesterday.
　　you should pay more attention to such mistakes as you made last
　　time.
　　this is such an interesting book as everyone likes to read.
　　(4)定语从句典例：
　　li hua is one of the boys who are never late for school.
　　(who指boys)
　　李华是从不迟到的男孩之一。
　　li hua is the only one of the boys who is never late for school.
　　(who指one)
　　李华是男孩中唯一从不迟到的。
　　is this new teaching building the one you visited last night?
　　(变为陈述句后，is移到building之后。)
　　is this the new teaching building you visited last night?
　　(变为陈述句后，is移到this之后。)
　　who is the man that is talking with our teacher?
　　(为避免重复，用that不用who)
　　(5)定语从句应注意的几点：
　　a. that引导的定语从句与that引导的同位语从句的区别：
　　the fact that we talked about is very important.
　　(that引导的是定语从句，that作宾语，可省略。)
　　the fact that the chinese invented the compass is known to
　　all.
　　(that引导的是同位语从句，that不作成分，不能省略，句子
　　介绍的是fact的具体内容。)
　　b.用that不用which：两者都可表物，大部分情况可通用，但下
　　列情况例外：
　　先行词为all, few, much, little, nothing, everything, anything等：
　　all that must be done has been done.
　　there is little that i can do for you.
　　先行词被all, few, little, any, the very, the only, first，second,
　　last或形容词的最高级修饰时：
　　that’s the only thing that we can do now.
　　this is the best novel that i have ever read.
　　先行词既有人也有物时：
　　my father and his teacher talked of things and persons (that)
　　they remembered in the school.
　　c.用which不用that：指物，在介词后或引导非限制性定语从句：
　　i’ll never forget the day on which i joined the army.
　　that was the way (in which) she looked after us.
　　football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the
　　world.
　　2.非限制性定语从句
　　限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，而非限制性定语从句
　　只是附加说明，如果去掉，主句意思仍然清楚。非限制性定语从
　　句用逗号与主句隔开，由which, who, whom, whose, where, when、
　　等引导：
　　his brother, who is a pla man, wrote to him.(只有一个哥哥)
　　his brother who is a pla man wrote to him.(不只一个哥哥)
　　football, which is a very interesting game, is played all over the
　　world.
　　we’ll put off the outing until next week, when we won’t be so
　　busy.
　　he took out a piece of paper, on which were written some words.
　　they arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.
　　比较：＂他有两个女儿,其中一个是护士。＂
　　he has two daughters, one of whom works as a nurse.
　　(非限制性定语从句)
　　he has two daughters, and one of them works as a nurse.(并列句)
　　另外，as和which引导非限制性定语从句，可代替整个句子，as指熟知的内容，引导的句子可在句首、句中和句尾；而which指没想到的事情或客观事实，且只能在句尾。比较：
　　as is known to all, taiwan belongs to china.
　　the earth, as we know, goes around the sun.
　　he is against the idea, as can be expected.
　　he has to work on sundays, which he doesn’t like.
　　she remarried, as we had expected.
　　3.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句
　　(1)介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，修饰物时用which不用that,
　　修饰人时用whom不用who。例如：
　　this is the room in which we lived last year.
　　who’s the comrade with whom you just shook hands?
　　(2)注意:固定搭配,介词不能提前。例如：
　　is this the book which she was looking for?
　　(3)既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句。
　　例如：
　　behavior is a mirror in which everyone shows his image.
　　life is a piece of white paper, on which everyone can put one
　　or two of their own words down.
　　they arrived at an old church, in front of which stood a big
　　crowd of people.
　　also present were two of his colleagues, one of whom was
　　injured.
　　高考新剖析
　　1. a person__________ e-mail account is full won’t be able to
　　send or receive any e-mails.［XX年高考天津卷］
　　a. who b. whom  c. whose d. whoever
　　2. my friend showed me round the town, ________ was very kind
　　of him. ［XX年高考全国卷ⅱ］
　　a. which b. that c. where d. it
　　c
　　a
　　3. we went through a period _________communications were very
　　difficult in the rural areas.［XX年高考上海卷］
　　a. which b. whose
　　c. in which d. with which
　　4. what surprised me was not what he said but__________ he
　　said it.
　　a. the way b. in the way that
　　c. in the way d. the way which
　　5. anyway, that evening, __________ i’ll tell you more about later,
　　i ended up staying at rachel’s place.
　　a. when b. where  c. what d. which
　　6. george orwell, __________was eric arthur, wrote many
　　political novels and essays.
　　a. the real name b. what his real name
　　c. his real name d. whose real name
　　c
　　a
　　d
　　d
　　7. — why does she always ask you for help?
　　—there is no one else__________ , is there?
　　a. who to turn to b. she can turn to
　　c. for whom to turn d. for her to turn
　　8. she was educated at beijing university, __________she went on
　　to have her advanced study abroad.
　　a. after that b. from that
　　c. from which d. after which
　　9. his movie won several awards at the film festival, __________
　　was beyond his wildest dream.
　　a. which b. that c. where d. it
　　10. he was educated at the local high school, __________ he went
　　on to beijing university.
　　a. after which b. after that
　　c. in which d. in that
　　b
　　d
　　a
　　a
　　精题新探究
　　•__________ is often the case with children, amy was
　　completely better by the time the doctor arrived.
　　a. that b. which c. as d. it
　　2. this is one of the most exciting football games__________ i have ever seen.
　　a. where b. that c. what d. which
　　3. the course normally attracts 20 students per year, __________ up to half will be from overseas.
　　a. in which b. for which
　　c. with which d. of whom
　　4. children, in my opinion, __________creative ability is unthinkably rich, is seldom taken notice of by us, __________ should be trained in that area.
　　a. which; that b. whose; which
　　c. which; which d. whose; that
　　c
　　b
　　d
　　b
　　5. at last, the thief had to hand in everything__________ he had
　　stolen to the police.
　　a. which b. what c. whatever d. that
　　6. __________ is known to the world, china’s liu xiang became
　　the first asian in history to win the men’s 110m hurdles at the
　　olympic games.
　　a. that b. which c. as d. it
　　7. i don’t know the reason__________ you were absent from the
　　meeting, but i am not sure that someone will tell me the reason
　　__________ you haven’t told me.
　　a. why; that b. that; why
　　c. because; why d. of which; that
　　8. when she came back from abroad, lucy told us about the
　　cities and the people__________ she had visited.
　　a. that b. who c. where d. which
　　d
　　c
　　a
　　a
　　9. because of the traffic jam__________ i was caught, i was late for
　　the meeting.
　　a. by which b. in which
　　c. that d. where
　　10. in my hometown, there is a mysterious dark hole, __________
　　depth has never been measured.
　　a. that b. where c. which  d. whose
　　11. on the whole, the time __________the students devote to the
　　game in the internet cafes without doubt has a great effect on the
　　study in the school.
　　a. in which b. on which
　　c. when d. that
　　12. can you think of some cases _________students obviously know
　　the problems but can’t work them out?
　　a. as b. where  c. why d. which
　　b
　　d
　　d
　　b
　　13. alice stood in front of the window, __________ she could watch
　　her classmates playing football.
　　a. from there b. where
　　c. from where d. there
　　14. she kept telling her father to pay attention to his own health,
　　__________ ,in fact, didn’t help at all.
　　a. which b. he c. it d. while
　　15. jackie robinson williams hoped to become as famous as the
　　player __________he was named.
　　a. after whom b. which
　　c. as who d. that
　　c
　　a
　　a